Reviews and Bibliographical discussions
Recenzii si Note bibliografice
Keywords: Reviews Books
Reviews Books
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Reviews Books
More...Keywords: Venice Biennale;heteronomy;art;field of art;Russian pavilion;power
This paper focuses on the role of contemporary art in international relations and world politics. In IR, art is often examined within the framework of cultural diplomacy, countrybranding, and soft power, or approached as a site of resistance. We argue that the concept of heteronomy offers an alternative conceptual framework for analysing contemporary art in world politics. It highlights the interaction of various fields such as art, commerce, the state and media. We concretise this approach with an analysis of the Venice Biennale. We show that the Biennale is heteronomous in the sense of being an arena where actors from various fields struggle for power by accumulating different types of capital. We focus our analysis on the Russian national pavilion in 2011–2015 and show how the efforts of the country’s elite to legitimise its position intertwined with the projects of the state, sponsors, artists, curators and art market actors.
More...Keywords: elementary education; interactive learning environments; improving classroom teaching; technology enhanced learning;
In this study we investigate the effects of long-term technology enhanced learning (TEL) in mathematics learning performance and fluency, and how technology enhanced learning can be integrated into regular curriculum. The study was conducted in five second grade classes. Two of the classes formed a treatment group and the remaining three formed a control group. The treatment group used TEL in one mathematics lesson per week for 18 to 24 months. Other lessons were not changed. The difference in learning performance between the groups tested using a post-test; for that, we used a mathematics performance test and a mathematics fluency test. The results showed that the treatment group using TEL got statistically significantly higher learning performance results compared to the control group. The difference in arithmetic fluency was not statistically significant even though there was a small difference in favor of the treatment group. However, the difference in errors made in the fluency test was statistically significant in favor of the treatment group.
More...Keywords: Gender studies; post-socialist transition; abortion debate; Hungary; Eastern Europe; civil rights; gender equality;
Historical periods have different meanings and implications when seen from the vantage point of women rather than men. For instance, feminist interpretations of the French Revolution show how the social theories, cultural constructions, and ideologies that inspired and guided events were "emancipatory" for non-aristocratic men, licensing their greater participation in public life, but the very same theories. Introduced a new gendering of politics that worked to exclude women of the popular classes and women of the aristocracy who had been powerful in the Old Regime. Similarly, while the Italian Renaissance is usually seen as a time of general expansion in many such cultural spheres as knowledge, artistic expression, and novel forms of social relations, the very changes which brought these for men resulted in a contraction of social and personal options for women. [...]
More...Ottoman Law of War and Peace: The Ottoman Empire and its Tributaries from the North of the Danube. By Viorel Panaite. Leiden–Boston: Brill, 2019. xxiii+470 pp. Tábori sebesültellátás Magyarországon a XVI–XVIII. században [Care for the wounded in the field in Hungary in the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries]. By Katalin Mária Kincses. Budapest: Gondolat Kiadó, 2019. 180 pp. Styrian Witches in European Perspectives: Ethnographic Fieldwork. By Mirjam Mencej. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017. 454 pp. The Habsburg Civil Service and Beyond: Bureaucracy and Civil Servants from the Vormärz to the Inter-War Years. Edited by Franz Adlgasser and Fredrik Lindström. Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 2019. 300 pp. Az uradalom elvesztése: Nemesi családok a 19. századi Békés megyében [The loss of the estate: Noble families in Békés County in the nineteenth century]. By Adrienn Szilágyi. Budapest: Hungarian Academy of Sciences Research Center for the Humanities, Institute of History, 2018. 380 pp. Deszkafalak és potyavacsorák: Választói magatartás Pesten a Tisza Kálmán-korszakban [Plank walls and freebee dinners: Voter behavior in Pest in the era of Kálmán Tisza]. By Péter Gerhard. Budapest: Korall, 2019. 371 pp. Men under Fire: Motivation, Morale and Masculinity among Czech Soldiers in the Great War, 1914–1918. By Jiří Hutečka. Oxford–New York: Berghahn, 2019. 288 pp. The Fortress: The Great Siege of Przemyśl. By Alexander Watson. Allen Lane, 2019. 333 pp.+index. Tiltott kapcsolat: A magyar–lengyel ellenzéki együttműködés 1976–1989 [A forbidden relationship: Oppositional cooperation between Hungarians and Poles, 1976–1989]. By Miklós Mitrovits. Budapest: Jaffa, 2020. 304 pp. Dissidents in Communist Central Europe: Human Rights and the Emergence of New Transnational Actors. By Kacper Szulecki. London–New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2019. 257 pp. Corn Crusade: Khrushchev’s Farming Revolution in the Post-Stalin Soviet Union. By Aaron Hale-Dorrell. New York: Oxford University Press, 2019. 344 pp.
More...Keywords: the hebrew poetry of immigrants from the former Soviet Union; generation one and a half; identity cultural; opposition to victimization
W kolejnych dwóch częściach artykułu na przykładzie twórczości czterech izraelskich poetek (Alex Rif, Nadi-Adiny Rose, Yael Tomashov i Rity Kogan) zaprezentowane zostały kulturowo-estetyczne właściwości poezji hebrajskiej przedstawicieli młodego pokolenia — tzw. generation one and a half — dzieci wychodźców z byłego ZSRR. Obszernie omówiono kwestię dziedzictwa oraz transformacji kulturowej i psychologicznej, a także praktyk poetyckich odróżniających poszczególnych autorów, w twórczości których wspomniane dziedzictwo i transformacja są obecne. Niniejszy artykuł poświęcony jest utworom Yael Tomashov i Rity Kogan (część pierwsza traktująca o twórczości Alex Rif, Nadi-Adiny Rose ukazała się w poprzednim numerze).
More...Keywords: hebrajska poezja repatriantów z byłego Związku Sowieckiego; generation one and a half; tożsamość kulturowa; sprzeciw wobec wiktymizacji
Na przykładzie twórczości izraelskich poetek (Alex Rif, Nadi-Adiny Rose) opisane są kulturowo-estetyczne wyznaczniki poezji hebrajskiej młodego pokolenia — tzw. generation one and a half — dzieci repatriantów z byłego Związku Sowieckiego. Szczególna uwaga poświęcona została zagadnieniu kulturowej spuścizny oraz tym poetyckim praktykom, w ramach których owa spuścizna znajduje swój wyraz. Jest to pierwsza część artykułu, następna — dotycząca twórczości Yael Tomashov i Rity Kogan — ukaże się w kolejnym numerze.
More...Keywords: Cold War; books; US government; Polish diaspora; anti-communism;
This article discusses the history of the so-called book program—a joint effort by the US government, the East European diaspora, and readers of prohibited books behind the Iron Curtain. Between 1956 and 1989, the program purchased some ten million copies of publications and delivered them to people in Soviet-dominated Eastern Europe in order to undermine communist rule. The article gives nuanced explanations of the motivations and practices of book-takers, placing Cold War books in the context of consumer goods trades. Using the historical materials of the Polonia Book Fund, a US-sponsored publishing project for Poland, this article contributes new insights on the transatlantic perspective of the cultural Cold War. This article focuses on the program’s early stages, and describes various elements of the transnational smuggling network. The program’s state–private partnership was a workable solution that helped to foster a diversity of opinions in post-Stalinist Poland.
More...Keywords: Holocaust, Ancestors of Holocaust perpetrators; Lithuania; Memory; Soviet;
This article deals with the question of how the (grand)children of local Nazi collaborators in Lithuania have dealt with their family histories and with their (grand)parents’ crimes. On the basis of archival materials and interviews, it illuminates how Holocaust perpetrators were convicted, how families were affected by these convictions, and how their lives evolved afterwards, how families coped with uncertainties or family secrets and developed mechanisms of denial or family mythologies. Furthermore, the article illuminates developments after 1990 – the revision of Soviet sentences, processes of rehabilitation and derehabilitation, the opening of archives, and the clash between imagined and documented realities.
More...Keywords: comics; comic books; history; periodization; USA; America; DC; Marvel; Image; film; movie; 9/11
The article aims to present a new proposal for the periodization of the history of American comic books. The introduction deals with the problems of other propositions: the academic one created by Arthur Asa Berger and the so-called Olympic / Mainstream that is mainly used by industry artists and readers. The most critical short comings of these periodization are also listed, including them being outdated. The new proposal complements the deficiencies of the previous two: in its actuality, it focuses on the transformations of the comics genre caused by the socio-political implications of the events of September 11, 2001. Each epoch was given specific time frames, cut-off dates, events, and characteristics.
More...Keywords: Mikołaj Zebrzydowski; rebellion of Zebrzydowski; Zebrzydowscy;
Together with first 19th century literary visions by J.U. Niemcewicz, there appeared an image of M. Zebrzydowski as a proud magnate who, driven by private interest, contributed to Poland’s downfall. Opponents of such portrayals of Zebrzydowski also took the opportunity to voice their opinions in that period. As a result, interest in Mikołaj Zebrzydowski as a partly mysterious figure grew, and his attitude was re-interpreted, sometimes looking at his rebellion from the perspective of contemporary events. In spite of the keen interest in Zebrzydowski in the second half of the 19th century, no answer was found to the commonly asked question of his attitude. In connection with the 400th anniversary of Mikołaj Zebrzydowski’s death, the author analyzed the portrayals of Zebrzydowski, starting with those created during his life to the 19th-century works, in an attempt to determine the reason for the extreme ways in which the magnate of Zebrzydowice was portrayed. Visual images are juxtaposed with literary descriptions, since information contained in these sources is complimentary (e.g. we may ascertain Zebrzydowski’s appearance).
More...Keywords: NHER «Pereyaslav»; numismatic collections; archeological researches; Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth; «yefimok with signs»; money counterfeits; «dukach» as the closes adornment;
The aim of the study is to introduce into the scientific circulation of the materials of the numismatic collection of NHER «Pereyaslav», to study it’s structure and to identify the most interesting samples in the context of the history of Pereyaslav region coin. Research methodology. In the process of scientific study of the collection of the museum were used generally scientific methods: analytical, illustrative, chronological, typological, as well as source methods: critical, metrological and iconographic. The scientific novelty is in the first comprehensive study of the entire numismatic collection of the reservation that has been introduced into scientific circulation, as well as the data of the archeological finds of the Pereyaslav Region that have been included in the museum. The catalog (inventory list) published in the article will serve as an additional source for the researchers of the history of money circulation in Kyiv region. The Conclusions. In the conditions of active distribution of the so-called «black archeology» with low reliability and often doubtfulness of the received data, with limited possibility of use in the numismatic researches, actual for modern numismatic science is the introduction into the scientific circulation and research of the museum collections. The numismatic collection of the museum was investigated quite fragmentarily: the researchers introduced counterfeit coins of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the traditional women’s jewelry «dukach», and the staff of the archaeological expedition of the museum regularly published the results of searches for perehodlavlav. The numismatics collection has more than 12,000 coins from the Roman Empire to the XX century. Some of the numismatics items are displaying in the exposition at the reserve’s premises. Coins of the XVIIXVIII centuries, minted in Western Europe, Commonwealth and Muscovy are on display in the Museum Department of the Covenant. During the last 20 years, the museum was receiving coins excavated by archaeologists in Pereyaslav: ancient coins of the Roman Empire, coins of the Kyiv principality, Byzantium and Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and it’s vassal lands in the XVII century. The numismatic collection contains 47 thalers of Western Europe, which fully correspond to the specifics of the circulation of the region. The decoration of the museum collection is «efimok with signs» minted during the reform of Alexei Mikhailovich in 1655. A considerable part of the collection are the coins of the Russian Empire. The greatly interesting are the coins of Peter the Great – altinas, hryvnia, rare poltina and ruble of the ruler. Decorated with detailed portraits of the Russian Empresses Anna Ioannivna and Catherine the Great and the silver rubles of the 1730s are also presented in the museum’s collection. Common on the Right Bank were coins minted in the Kingdoms of Poland at the Mint in Warsaw, which during the reign of Emperor Nicholas I had double denominations in rubles, kopecks, zloty and grosz. The museum’s collection presents the rare ¾ rubles / 5 zloty coin minted in 1838. In addition to circulating coins, the Alexander III coins also preserved by commemorative rubles, issued in honor of the emperor’s coronation in 1883. Most of the Russian imperial coins in the museum collection were minted during the reign of the last emperor of the Romanov dynasty - Nicholas II, combining practically the entire nominal series of copper and silver coins. In the special inventory book was mistakenly entered a coin that, according to the results of the research, did not show the content of precious metals. It is highly probable that this is a product of a counterfeiters being made for the purpose of treat. The museum’s collection contains 70 ducachs originating from the ethnographic zone of the Middle Dnieper region (Poltava, Chernihiv, Cherkasy and Kyiv regions), the products can be dated to the end of XVIII – the beginning of XX century. The collection contains also several treasures. This are the treasure of one and a half grosz (poltorak) of Sigismund III Vasa in the amount of 291 coins, and the treasure of the wire kopecks of the Moscow Kingdom of the time of Peter I the Great in the amount of 265 pieces. The most recent coins kept in the collection are the coins of the Soviet Union. For the most part, these are the silver shades of the RSFSR of the sample of 1921-1922, the ruble of 1921, and also minted during the NEP the «blacksmiths» type of 1924–1927. As the prospects of further research we see the introduction into the scientidic circulation of new additions to the numismatic collection, as well as to study and introduce into the circulation materials from collections of numismatics of other museums in Ukraine. In addition to the numismatics items, the museum’s stockpile also houses items of phaleristics: awards, medals and insignia, which also require a separate detailed study.
More...Keywords: numismatic data; Senj and its surroundingss;
The very first attempt in order to compile a numismatic topography of the Senj area, but also including finds from other regions of Croatia, was made in 1889, when I. V. Žanić (1852—1920) published a detailed description of his coin collection. His efforts were pursued by Z. Dukat and A. Glavičić in 1975 in an article which showed the numismatic topography as seen when coin finds srom the Žanić collection were presented together with more recent finds from the local museum at Senj and some of the material kept in the Archaeological Museum in Zagreb. The present article is entirely based upon the coins from the Zagreb Collection. Among the treasure-troves five are listed, the most ancient being the Cesarica Hoard of 1936, buried under Tiberius, which is being published in detail elsewhere. At Karlo-bag to more Ancient hoards have been undug, but with insignificant, almost unidentifiable contents. The Novi Vinodolski Treasure contained French silver of the 11th cent, and is known in the literature in spite of its extremely reduced contents.In 1934 a hoard containing silver denarii of the Patriarchs of Aquileia was unearthed at Senj. Finally, a poor man's savings consisting almost entirely of Go-rician soldi of the 18 th cent, was discovered near Sv. Ilija. The individual coin finds give us an incomplete picture of money circulation in the area, because they are all fortuitous and ended up in the Zagreb Collection by accident. They do not represent a systematical collecting of material from a certain site. Among the sites Karlobag has produced most of the coins, and is being followed by Senj and Stinica. On the whole, twelve sites are represented. The earliest coins are a Roman Republican sextans from the 3rd cent. B. C. (Jur-jevo Б, 1) and a fragment of aes rude discovered by Josip Brunšmid at Karlobag (B, 2). Later on, more Roman Republican money was in circulation, particularly silver (Cesarica A; Karlobag B, 3—6). There are also several African specimens present: Carthaginian (Karlobag B, I) and Numidian bronze of the second cent. B. C. (Drvišica B, 1; Starigrad B, 2—10). Roman Imperial coins particularly of the first century, are well represented. From the 1st to the 3rd cents. A. D. almost all money arrived from the mint of Rome or some other Western mints, but in the late 3rd and in the 4th cents., as it seems, coins from the Eastern mints of the Empire began to be brought into the Senj area in more considerable quantities. There are almost no coins of the 5th cent., whereas of the Byzantine let us mention two gold pieces of Tiberius II Constantine (578—582) from Cesarica (B, I) and Jur-jevo (B, 8), one bronze of Justinian (527—565) and three more of Justin II (565—578) from Karlobag (B, 29—32). Among the more recent material, leut us only point out a Slavonian denarius struck by the banns Stjepan Babonić (1310—1316) at the mint of Zagreb, which strayed away from its usual monetary province.
More...Keywords: Soviet fashion; fashion house; light industry; Soviet Union; Soviet Ukraine; fashion corporation; art council
The study examines Soviet fashion houses as fashion corporations with an extensive structure and a certain autonomy which served as centers for the development and representation of Soviet fashion. These state institutions were created in the capitals and large cities of the Soviet republics. The Moscow All-Union Fashion House acted as a methodological center for fashion houses of all Soviet republics. The Ukrainian SSR was one of the important centers of fashion development in the Soviet Union, and it included six general orientation and five specialized fashion houses, as well as the Ukrainian Institute of Assortment of Light Industry Products and Clothing Culture. Based on a wide range of archival sources and interviews with fashion house workers, the article reveals the structure and operation of Ukrainian fashion houses in the period between 1940 and 1991 and also examine their cooperative endeavors with garment enterprises and research institutions. The technology of clothing production by designers, the processes of approval to which these technologies were subjected by art councils, and the organization of exhibitions in the USSR and abroad are also considered.
More...Keywords: discourse analysis; intention; intent-analysis; mind map; political communication; president; Ukraine; values; Volodymyr Zelensky;
The study is focused upon the public figure of Volodymyr Zelensky, a former comedian and media person, who burst into politics in 2019 to win the Presidential Election and to become the sixth President of Ukraine. In this article, intent analysis of Volodymyr Zelensky’s key public speeches allows looking through the speech patterns, action words, metaphors, and other stylistic and rhetorical devices to recognise the speaker’s communicative intentions. To visualise the correlation between the intentions and the values communicated by the President of Ukraine on various occasions, a mind map of his cognitive, emotional, and behavioural intentions was constructed. To assess the adequacy of social reactions to Zelensky’s communicative intentions, a discourse analysis comprising global journalists, analysts and media critique commentaries upon his public speeches was performed. The results of the study shows that although media mostly criticise and assess Zelensky’s political messages as populist, the values he transmits though his official communication to the public tend to reflect the European vector set by Ukraine as a dominant after the 2014 Revolution of Dignity.
More...Keywords: Transnistria;petitions;ghettos;deportation;repatriation;
Following the Jews’ deportation to Transnistria, the Romanian authorities at central and regional level began receiving a sustained correspondence, from as early as December 1941, from the families of the deportees and from those ghettoized in Transnistria. That type of correspondence peaked in the latter half of 1942, as the dramatic situation in Transnistria became known, and information on the deported reached the home-country. The stories contained in those petitions illustrate the arbitrariness of the deporting actions, the extreme life conditions in Transnistria, the set of arguments brought to the fore by the petitioners, and how the State authorities treated those administrative undertakings. All these aspects will be dealt with in this study.
More...Keywords: Media Education; History of Journalism; Information and Communications Technologies; Modernization; Invariants of Classes; Interactive Forms;
The article substantiates the need to modernize media education in higher educational institutions of the post-information society, the factors that determine the methodology of lectures and seminars are identified, the ways of optimization of media education with the example of teaching the professional discipline “History of Ukrainian and foreign journalism”are offered, the formats of lectures and seminars classes in media education with the use of information and communications technologies are proposed, the characteristic features and advantages of each format are determined. The typology of invariants of lectures is developed and the expanded classification of formats of seminars with implementation of innovative technologies through a prism of elements of gamification is model led, in particular classes in the format of interactive quizzes and brain-rings, interactive crossword puzzles (classical,Japanese, fill words, sudoku, scan words), interactive group debates and discussions, interactive polls and interactive fine arts (mind mapping). The results of a survey of students of the specialty“Journalism” of the capital and regional Ukrainian universities regarding the most popular ICT, the most effective, motivational, and creative formats for lectures and seminars classes in the educational process are presented. The effectiveness of seminars with the implementation of gamification is substantiated, since information in the form of an intellectual game activates creative and analytical thinking, allows the integration of all students to creative cognitive activities, contributes to the intensification of the educational process, and makes it more interesting, flexible, and multifaceted.
More...Keywords: Austria-Hungary; Czechoslovakia; military tradition; veterans; regiment
In interwar Czechoslovakia, the construction of a well-founded military establishment was a core component of the state building process. Reflecting broader trends across the post-imperial, particularly post-Habsburg space, Czechoslovak state builders deployed a rhetoric of radical military transformation predicated in part on a rejection of the imperial military legacy. As this article shows, however, certain elements of Habsburg military tradition survived the transition from empire to nation-state. Focusing on the legacy of Bohemia’s old Habsburg regiments, I argue that “imperial” military tradition could be adapted for use in the new republic through a process of selective reimagining. During the interwar period, regimental groups consisting of Czech-speaking Habsburg veterans dedicated considerable time and energy to the project of “nationalizing” Habsburg regimental tradition. By emphasizing the historically Czech character of their former regiments within the broader Habsburg military establishment, these veterans’ groups provided a means by which Bohemia’s old imperial regiments could be incorporated, conceptually, into prevailing interwar narratives of Czech military heritage.
More...Keywords: Bavaria's Supreme Court; Legal Culture; European Rule of Law; Legal History;
Courts shape the rule of law. Their history is part of the culture of a country. The way judicial institutions are treated characterises a country's attitude towards the status they accord to courts and judges. In its almost 400-year history, Bavaria's Supreme Court has experienced all facets - from being held in high esteem to being abolished twice. Its history is a lesson that points to the future in the development of European legal culture.
More...Keywords: identity; gender identity; women’s war experience;
The analysis of gender identity is based on the narratives of women who volunteered to serve in the military after the start of World War II and fought as soldiers in the Red Army. Forty years after World War II, Svetlana Alexievich conducted interviews with women veterans, which she published in the book War’s Unwomanly Face. Their memories of wartime and post-war period were analyzed from the perspective of their gender identity, i.e. the ability to reconcile the role of a woman determined by their biological sex with the role of a soldier determined by the circumstances. The interpretation of this problem offered in the paper is based on developmental psychology theories of Erik Erikson, James Marcia, Daniel Levinson, and Jeffrey Arnett, and the sociological perspective on identity. Selected narratives from Alexievich’s reportages are analyzed focusing on identification and interpretation of different themes, which are assessed according to their relevance to the understanding of the process described. The narrators were only 16–20 years old at the time of joining the military and they were still at the stage of identity moratorium. It required a lot of determination for them to become a soldier. Their identity as a soldier was their assumed identity, defined by Marcia as ideological or professional engagement without completing the period of exploration. Women were not welcome in the army, they suffered because of logistical shortcomings, but they still supported all of the units, became officers and military leaders, and were awarded medals for their valor, courage and reliability. After the war, they were socially rejected and condemned and they needed to process their identity, i.e. reject their military ethos in order to strengthen their sense of being a women. Based on Arnett’s concept one can conclude that their “in between” period of identity exploration was determined by external events and social relations.
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