Keywords: Péter Bodor;singing fountain; Târgu Mureş; mechanics; buildings
The study discusses Péter Bodor’s oeuvre , a brilliant and versatile master, who lived in the first half of the 19th century and was imprisoned multiple times. It summarizes the bu il ding process of his singing fountain in Târgu Mureş and presents the creations of Bodor, realized at various baronial courts throughout Transylvania, as well as his house and garden in Târgu Mureş. Based on an inventory, the author illustrates that Bodor had theoretical interests in the field of technological sciences, while also presenting his expertise in hydraulics, mechanics, land survey connected to bu il ding organs and musical structures. The study emphasizes that Bodor’s knowledge had evolved in interaction with the scientific knowledge of modern Europe, so that it can hardly be interpreted as a manifestation of an indigenous natural talent.
More...Keywords: Romania;Islam;Souteasteurope;Bosnia; Greece;refugee and migration crises;
G. Herbstritt: Entzweite Freunde – Rumänien, die Securitate und die DDR Staatssicherheit1950-1989 M. Hausleitner: Die Donauschwaben 1869-1948 – Ihre Rolle im rumänischen und serbischen Banat T. Varady: Weltgeschichte und Alltag im Banat – Fälle aus einem Anwaltsarchiv von der Monarchie bis zum Kommunismus J. Henkel (Hrsg.): Halbmond über der Dobrudscha – Der Islam in Rumänien F. Kührer-Wielach: Siebenbürgen ohne Siebenbürger? – Zentralstaatliche Integration und politischer Regionalismus nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg M. Beer(Hrsg.): Joseph Ettinger: Kurze Geschichte der ersten Einwanderung oberösterreichischer evangelischer Glaubensbrüder nach Siebenbürgen I. Leb / K. Nikolakopoulos /I. Ursa (Hrsg.): Die Orthodoxe Kirche in der Selbstdarstellung – Ein Kompendium V. Iluţiu: Rumänisch ohne Mühe L. Blaga: Die Fähre des Popen Charon(Roman) P. Bentoiu: George Enescu: Meisterwerke H. Bergel: Vom anderen Europa – Aus Geschichte und Gegenwart südosteuropäischer Landschaften M. Oikonomou / M. Stasinopoulou / I. Zelepos (Hrsg.): Griechische Dimensionen südosteuropäischer Kultur seit dem 18. Jahrhundert – Verortung, Bewegung, Grenzüberschreitung W. Puchner: Die Folklore Südosteuropas – Eine komparative Übersicht A. Bremer / M. Krüger (Hrsg.): Glückliche Wirkungen – Eine literarische Reise in bessere Welten J. Blackwood: Introduction to Contemporary Art in B&H C. Carmichael: A Concise History of Bosnia B. Londrc: Pravni položaj Jevrejskezajednice u BiH od 1918. do 1945. godine (Rechtliche Situation der jüdischen Gemeinschaft in Bosnien und Herzegowina von 1918 bis 1945) A. Luleva /E. Troeva / P. Perov: Prinuditelnijat trud v Bălgarija (1941-1962) – Spomeni na svideteli /Zwangsarbeit in Bulgarien (1941-1962) – Erinnerungen von Zeitzeugen Ch. Kambas / M. Mitsou (Hrsg.): Die Okkupation Griechenlands im Zweiten Weltkrieg – Griechische und deutsche Erinnerungskultur H. Cliadikis: Fascism in Greece – The Metaxas Dictatorship 1936-1941 H. Richter: Griechenland 1940-1950 – Die Zeit der Bürgerkriege A. Sterbling: Zuwanderungsschock – Deutschland und Europa in Gefahr?
More...Keywords: unjust enrichment; the new Civil Code; regulation.
This study begins with on overview of the regulations covering unjust enrichment in French law and the Romanian civil law under the former Civil Code, retaining the fact that its existence as an autonomous source of obligations was, however, recognized and established the Praetorian way. The central part of the study deals with the analysis of the legal regime of unjust enrichment, arising from the express provisions and general rules accounting for relevant general rules under the new Civil Code (Articles 1345-1348); thus, there are set out and debated the conditions of existence of this source of obligations and the admissibility of the action de in rem verso. The author’s approach continues with addressing the unjust enrichment effects and the specific rules applicable to restitutions on this basis. Eventually, it is argued that this autonomous source of obligations is theoretically and philosophically based upon the idea or the principle of fairness.
More...Keywords: Southeast Europe;law;ancient world and Byzantium;Molova
Rechtstransformation in Südosteuropa am Beispiel des ehemaligen Jugoslawiens: Vorbedingungen, Akteure, (Miss)Erfolge – Eine vorläufige Bestandsaufnahme. Politik der Friedensbildung in der Region: Hindernisse aus der Vergangenheit und Visionen für die Zukunft. Antike und Byzanz als historisches Erbe in Südosteuropa (19.-21. Jahrhundert). 56. Internationale Hochschulwoche der Südosteuropa-Gesellschaft. Süd-Bukowina, Moldova, Transnistrien, Gagausien, Donau-Delta,Bessarabien, Odessa. Mitglieder-Studienreise der SOG
More...Keywords: curtea edo; libertate religioasă; sindicat; sindicat - preoţi; biserica ortodoxă română; preot; libertatea sindicală; cedo; curtea edo - sindicatul păstorul cel bun împotriva româniei;
Curtea Europeană a Drepturilor Omului, Marea Cameră, hotărârea din 9 iulie 2013, M. Of. nr. 15 din 10 ianuarie 2014
More...Keywords: Pastoral themes; Glasnik/Vijesnik of Đakovo and Srijem Diocese;
Pastoralne teme u 125 godina Glasnika/Vjesnika obrađuju se tako da su poredni prilozi po pastoralnim temama a unutar njih prati ih se kronološki. Tako uz pomoć obilnih bilješki želi se ući u pastoralnu tematiku u užem smislu u Glasniku/Vjesniku.
More...Keywords: translation difficulties;Ortega y Gasset; Pushkin's poetry;
This fragment incorporates a series of text about the study and practice of translation in literature.
More...Keywords: Dan Lungu; Michael Scott Christofferson; Mina Decu; Ioana Vintilă;
A collection of reviews of the following books: „Pâlpâiri” (Dan Lungu), „Frumoasa necunoscută” (Carmen Mușat), „Exerciții de irealizare” (Marius Popa), „S.” (Stelian Muller), „Epopeea șobolanului Louse” (Traian Ștef), „Inima desenată pe cer” (Margareta Curtescu), „Păsări în furtuna de nisip” (Ioana Vintilă), „Desprindere” (Mina Decu), „România continuă ” (Cătălin Augustin Stoica), „Intelectualii francezi împotriva stângii. Momentul antitotalitar din anii 1970” (Michael Scott Christofferson).
More...Keywords: Alexandru Marghiloman; conservative; political discourse; Parliament; minister;
This paper analyzes Alexandru Marghiloman’s activity in the country’s legislative body, in administration and in the conservative party. Member of the Parliament since his debut in political life, in 1884, the conservative leader was perceived as one of the most talented orators. Having a serious juridical culture − he studied law and political science in Paris – being a practical spirit, having promptitude in decision-making and competence as a manager, he was required to prove his qualities in solving the problems of the Romanian society as the holder of the different minis-terial portfolios of Justice, Finance, Public Works, Agriculture, Home Affairs, Foreign Affairs. We will try to point out its political activity chronologically, doing continuous reference to the context of the epoch, in order to highlight his engagement in the modernization of the Romanian society.
More...Keywords: art; sculpture; traditions; Orthodox church; music; folklore; history;
In 1642, the voivode Vasile Lupu and the Holy Metropolitan of Barlaam completed the painting and masonry of the Princely Church of the new monastery dedicated to the Three Holy Hierarchs in Iași. Unprecedented in the tradition of our architecture, the church was the most important and most spectacular edifice built up until then in Moldova, a successful and unrivaled artistic experiment. The real challenge of the architect was to gather, synthesize and harmonize in a coherent whole elements of the Byzantine background with those of the Oriental ornamentation, of which neither Gothic nor Renaissance influences, all grafted on the basic texture of the local traditional motifs, are lacking. The silent symphony composed of a multitude of decorated notes, meaningfully spread on the stone pages of the majestic scores, is part of the kind of artwork that cannot be easily taken as a yardstick for other similar attempts. The result is a successful synthesis that, although it has not revolutionized the history of our architecture as a prototype, impresses with the novelty and uniqueness of the concept. Almost all the elements of the decoration express directly or through other graphic replacements, solar symbols or messengers and diffusers, which seem to constantly rotate around the church in unceasing prayer. If the geometrical motifs of traditional plastic arts are only the letters of popular decorative art, then the facades of the church are large parchments which, by the convention of an artistic language that intercedes our understanding, cover the church in words that constantly proclaim and glorify the Incarnate Word. The recourse to the dynamics of the vegetal element, which continuously grows towards light, signifies life without a beginning and end, is an invitation to the search and discovery of the Tabor Light that crosses the stone megadecor of the facade, giving us a plastic and symbolic reduction of the history of salvation.
More...Keywords: scientific life;
The Secretary-general’s Report of the Year 2018 about the scientific results of the Society.
More...Keywords: book review; concentration camp; Jasenovac; Yugoslavia; communism; USSR; comity of historians; 1917; revolution; Ustashe; Orthodox church; S, Dimitrijević; Serbia; occupation; 1914-1918;
Reviews of: 1. Radomir Bulatović, KONCENTRACIONI LOGOR JASENOVAC S POSEBNIM OSVRTOM NA DONJU GRADINU, ISTORIJSKO -SOCIOLOŠKA I ANTROPOLOŠKA STUDIJA, izd. „Svjetlost”, Sarajevo 1990, 451. (Reč prilikom promocije u Sarajevu 12. februara 1991.) Review by: Branko Petranović 2. ISTORIJA SAVEZA KOMUNISTA JUGOSLAVIJE, Izdavački centar Komunist, Narodna knjiga, Rad, Beograd 1985. Review by: Rasim Hurem 3. KOMISIJA ISTORIČARA SSSR I SFRJ - 15 GODINA: REZULTATI I PERSPEKTIVE SARADNJE Review by: O. N. Rešetnikova 4. EDICIJA „STRADANJA I OTPORI” Review by: Milan Koljanin 5. Sava Živanov: REVOLUCIJA U RUSIJI 1917. GODINE, Naučna knjiga, Beograd 1988. Review by: Ljubinka Bogetić 6. Roj A. Medvjedev, ONI OKRUŽALI STALINA, Moskva 1990, str. 351. Review by: Dr Milorad P. Radusinović 7. Dmitrij Volkogonov , TRIUMF I TRAGEDIJA, Političeskij portret I. V. Stalina, v 2 knigah, Moskva 1989, str. 1244. Review by: Dr Milorad P. Radusinović 8. Veljko Đ. Đurić, USTAŠE I PRAVOSLAVLJE, Beograd 1989, 286 Str. Review by: Dr Milorad P. Radusinović 9. Dr Dimitrije Vujović, PODGORIČKA SKUPŠTINA 1918, Zagreb 1989, str. 287. Review by: Prof. dr Zoran Lakić 10. NA KONGRESU ISTORIČARA SVETA Review by: Dragoljub S. Petrović 11. ŽIVOT I DELO DR SERGIJA DIMITRIJEVIĆA, Leskovac 1989, 208 str. Review by: Milica Bodrožić 12. Vladimir Stojančević, SRBIJA I SRPSKI NAROD ZA VREME RATA I OKUPACIJE 1914 - 1918. GODINE, Leskovac 1988, 150 str. Review by: Milica Bodrožić
More...Keywords: Yugoslavia; socialist revolution; mainstream; Josip Broz Tito; interwar period; WWII; postwar period; constitution;
The author's treatise has as its main topic the social and political changes in Yugoslavia during the period of 50 years, and the role of Josip Broz in the creation and the development of the socialist revolution. The following historical periods are being deal with: the civil society in Yugoslavia between the two world wars; Yugoslavia in World War II; the building of the Yugoslav socialist society and country from 1945 - 1987; socio-political and economic relations by the 1946 and 1963 constitutions; the fight over the social and state order and the 1974 constitution; big social and economic changes and the external politics of Yugoslavia in the second half of the 20th century. Following historical changes, the author also tried to show the role of Josip Broz as Party organizer, army commander, statesman and diplomat, in short - as one of the most prominent historic personages of that time. The author stresses that there existed certain difficulties in giving opinions on Tito for the 1945 -1980 period, because that historic period has not been fully researched, especially the time following the 1974 constitution.
More...Keywords: Marxist political theory; Leninism; Romanian communism; Romanian studies; Nationalism;
The following article deals with Emanuel Copilaș’s interpretation of Leninism as a key concept in explaining altogether the foreign policies, the roots of Nicolae Ceaușescu’s nationalism in the 1970-1980’s and the social effects of the economic and social policies of the communist regime after 1965 in Romania. Since Emanuel Copilaș focuses largely on the factual concreteness of ideological thinking inasmuch as ideology itself is posited as outside reality, but capable of altering the same reality from within, our analysis draws on the Marxist criticism that could be made to any ideology, including the varieties of Leninism identified or just utilized by Emanuel Copilaș. Hence, we will attempt to subvert and negate the very possibility of any ideological construct to be separable from the social praxis it pretends to radically change. Finally, the place of real social relations will be referred to as the nexus of all fetishistic ideological viewpoints, which may carry a high degree of truth, as long as this truth has been already present in the fabric of social exchange, private consumption and material production.
More...Keywords: power; special power; power of representation; debts; misappropriation of power; abuse of law; potestative rights; representation without power; power without representation;
The legal technique of representation or, in other words, the legal mechanism of representation especially held the attention of the doctrine after a general regulation as well (art. 1.295-1.314), was reserved in the applicable Civil Code, besides the special regulation of the representation mandate (art. 2.012, 2.013-2.038). Nevertheless, the power of representation, which is the most important item of this legal mechanism, has not been examined from the perspective of the category of legal powers to which it belongs: special powers. However, the power of representation cannot be truly understood if this legal qualification is disregarded. The special power is the type of the power of representation. That is why, in order to emphasize the specific nature of the power of representation, certain specifications are necessary regarding the mutation of the meaning of the word “power” in the context of constitutional democracy and the concept of “special power” in the private law, the correlation between the special powers and the debts, the difference between the misappropriation of power and the abuse of law, the manner of exercising the special powers and the difference between these and the potestative rights, as well as the situations in which there is representation without any power and power without any representation (II). On this ground, the legal content of the power of representation is emphasized as a variety of special power, the meanings of the word “proxy” are shaped, the effects of representation are emphasized, the issue of enforceability of this special power is coherently solved and the procedure of the retroactive granting of the power of representation is explained (III).
More...Keywords: professional electronics; electronic equipment; ICE; IEMI; IFA; IFIN; FAN; CFT; ICEMENERG;
The article presents the development of professional electronics, created to implement the technologies needed to modernize and increase the efficiency of the Romanian industry and economy, following the model of the advanced countries of the time. At the beginning, research institutes for Electrotechnics and Automation were set up, and since 1966 the first institutes and enterprises for professional electronics have been set up at MICM - the Ministry of Machine Building Industry: ICE - Institute for Electronic Research and IEMI - Enterprise of Measuring & Industrial Devices, followed by other units associated with them. In 1971, the Priority Program for Electronics and Related Fields was launched, which set development directions and electronics tasks in the first decade of application, mainly for MICM units that served the entire national economy. It should be noted that in those years departmental research was a highly applied one, including design too. The first part of the article presents the research in the field of professional electronics in ICE, finalized with prototypes produced at the main manufacturer, IEMI, and also the ICE microproduction activity. In the second part, entitled Applied Electronics, the professional electronics produced in the main units where their specific activity was strongly related to electronics is presented, namely: a) IFA / IFIN - Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering associated with FAN – Nuclear Apparatus Factory, for nuclear electronics; b) IFA and CFT – Iasi, Technical Center for magnetometry; c) ICEMENERG for power electronics; d) RomanianRadio and Television, for electronics related to reception and broadcasting processes, etc.
More...Keywords: Eneolithic; Gumelnița culture; bioarchaeology; geoarchaeology; radiocarbon data
The tell settlement from “Măgura Gumelnița” is the eponymous site of the Eneolithic civilization with the same name. It is probably the biggest tell settlement North of the Danube, and it belonged to the Kodjadermen ‐ Gumelnița ‐ Karanovo VI civilization that occupied in the Balkan area in the second half of 5th millennium BC. In 2017, a complex interdisciplinary project resumed the research of the Gumelnița site. The project was led by a consortium which comprises The Gumelnița Civilization Museum, The Bucharest Municipality Museum, and The National Institute of the Heritage, alongside specialists from other Romanian institutions (Institute of Archaeology “Vasile Pârvan” Bucharest, National History Museum of Romania, University of Bucharest, “Al. I. Cuza” University of Iași, “Valahia” University in Târgoviște, “Horia Hulubei” National Institute for Nuclear Physics and Engineering, and National Museum of Eastern Carpathians). The current paper will present the preliminary interdisciplinary results of the 2017 archaeological campaign.
More...Keywords: memoirs; childhood; Galtiu; Transylvania; rural world; First World War;
The paper continues valorising the memoirs of lawyer Traian Mârza (1909-1992) from Alba Iulia (see Apulum, LV, 2018) bringing forth substantial fragments on his childhood, spent in Galtiu village, Alba county throughout the First World War.
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