Keywords: archaeological evidence; medieval towns; Moldavia; Wallachia; Transylvania; Lower Danube
More...Keywords: Theological Dialogue; Nonjurors; Eastern Orthodoxy; Peter the Great; Chrysanthos Notaras; Thomas Brett
The dialogue initiated by the Nonjuror Anglican theologians, envisaging an ecclesiastical union with the Orthodox East, is an enthralling research topic as it involves not only theological considerations – as it appears at first sight –, but also entails matters of political diplomacy. Engaging tsar Peter I in the discussions with the Eastern patriarchs provided the political support that allowed this dialogue to continue even when theological divergences seemed insuperable. Thorough analysis of each document, as well as working hypotheses cautiously put forth, have resulted in a new chronological arrangement of the context of this theological dialogue, so far insufficiently investigated. This approach has also produced a revision of the information presented by well known scholars (Steven Runciman, Chrysostomos Papadopoulos). The four dogmatic documents (two formulated by the Nonjuror Anglicans, and two signed by the Eastern patriarchs) demonstrate, on the one hand, the openness toward dialogue of the British theologians, and on the other hand, the unconditional stance taken by the Orthodox against the slight errors present in the 17th-century confessions of faith. The text authored by patriarch Dositheos II Notaras and attached to the second answer addressed to the Nonjuror theologians, is the only one containing reference to the perpetuation of these errors. The direct meeting of the representatives of British Anglicanism and those of the Russian Orthodox Church, scheduled for the summer of 1725 at Sankt Petersburg or Moscow, would have been an exceptional event. Such a theological debate, totally freed from the constraints posed by the two parties’ different interpretation of certain written phrases, could have overcome the deadlock caused by their dogmatic conversation. However, this debate never took place, as one of its major supporters, tsar Peter I, had died a few months earlier, and the entire correspondence lost interest for the Orthodox party. Moreover, although in Constantinople were spread some rumors about the canonical status of the Nonjuror Anglicans, dissenters from the Church of England, this status has been confirmed in the fall of 1725, which contributed to the ex abrupto cessation of dialogue. The Anglicans’ attraction to the Orthodox East became obvious as early as the 16th century, and continued into the 20th century, when the Ecumenical Patriarchate, supported by several autocephalous Orthodox Churches, acknowledged the validity of Anglican ordination. This attraction was not simply based on the Eastern fascination, although one cannot dismiss this topic, either.
More...Keywords: Emil Cioran
The second part of the study on Emil Cioran
More...What is happening to the Romanian literary history today? What are its developemnt chances, what is its weight compared to other literary disciplines? These are questions that "Vatra" asked a few Romanian authors. Mircea Anghelescu, Dan C. Mihailescu, Florin MANOLESCU, Monica SPIRIDON, Cornel MORARU, Geo ŞERBAN, Irina PETRA, Ion BUZAŞI, Marian Victor BUCIU, Ruxandra CESEREANU, Mircea A. DIACONU, Sanda CORDOŞ, Vasile SPIRIDON answer these questions.
More...Keywords: collateral; security interest; hypothec; tangible assets; intangible assets.
Since there are certain special provisions dealing with the security interest in (certain) intangible assets, problems occurred as to the separation of the security interest regulation upon the type (tangible or intangible) of the collateral. More specifically, the security interest in accounts receivable raised difficult problems in practice and the case law developed on this subject was not at all uniform. Based on an earlier idea of the author, namely that the collateral is not the asset itself as an (in)tangible item, but rather the value encapsulated in the asset, this paper pleas for an unitary legal status of the hypothec (i.e. security interest without dispossession) which goes beyond the different classes of assets. To argument on this thesis, the article analyzes the new regulation of the concept of “asset” as well as its interactions with the similar notions of “thing” and “right”. This analysis evidences an interesting evolution of the traditions concepts towards an unifying system that is extremely useful in wiping out those grey areas of property law. Once clarified the fact that any monetary value is treated as an asset, including the value (debitum) incorporated in a claim (obligatio), it is easy to accept a unified theory of the security interest (hypothec). The existence of a common body of rules governing the hypothec does not exclude the coexistence of special norms dealing with punctual regulation of certain effects of the security interest in the case of certain types of assets. The final part of the study reflects these particular rules and explains their application by making reference to the general legal status of security interests. In this regard, the rules governing the security interests in intangible assets are extremely useful tools in regulation the status of security in insolvency proceedings.
More...Keywords: Orheiul Vechi; Peştera hermitage; Peştera estate
The article, on the basis of examination of published and unknown documents show some pages regarding the history of Peştera (Brăneşti) estate and of the localities on their territory - Peştera (vechiul Orhei) and Peştera (Movilău/Brăneşti). Also, here is exposing new information regarding the history of the Pestera hermitage and the transformation of his cave Nativity of Our Lady church in the parish church of the Butuceni’s community.
More...Keywords: Standards; ultra-libéral; law; template
The legal language is a scientific and a technical tool to classify, compress andincrease the rapid understanding of the theoretical and scientific constructions in the legal field ofhuman culture. But it is not only this, it is also sometimes used as vernacular, ”home language”,but open to a universal communication tool which causes the risk of errors or, even, to hideunintentionally or worse, intentionally, our conceptions difficult to sustain or unsustainabledesigns. We take today as the object of analysis here, the so called Macron law. It is a primeexample in this respect. This law, while talking about social progress in the explanatorymemorandum, in fact could be described as hindrance that will undermine the rights ofemployees, flight forward non-respectful to the acquired rights of employees, a law that onlypromotes entrepreneurial environment, which can lead to the partial deconstruction of the classicsocial right in France, and the construction of a new labor law, a model of society which is notusual for the recent history of France; it is a reformist model, born by a noviste design (Ortega yGasset), “model” which needs time to be assimilated culturally and scientifically
More...Keywords: Intra-Carpathian Romania; Early Slavs; Avar Khaganate; late Reihengräber horizon; pottery; artifacts; chronology; inter-cultural relations
The studied area, situated at the eastern extremity of the Carpathian basin, was not uniform in terms of earlier evolutions, matching the current state of investigations. While the region situated in western Romania, closely related to the Tisa plain, was located closer to the nucleic territory of the Gepid Kingdom, than of the early Avar Khaganate. Transylvania evolved in a peripheral region and the north-western part, anchored in the basin of the Upper Tisa, was almost always found outside the direct control of these power factors. According to the currently available data, a clearer image can be constructed in the latter territory, with the so-called “Lazuri-Pişcolt horizon” (middle of the 6th century — the first third of the 7th century). The situation is more complicated in Transylvania which was under Avar control from the middle of the 6th century. At its south-eastern extremity, a horizon of habitation similar to the one in the north-western part of Romania was delimited (the last half or third of the 6th century and the first half of the following century). The entire archaeological situation indicates demographic changes in the evolution of Transylvania, and partly, the course of an acculturation process in the domain of material culture, probably accompanied even by certain ethnic transformations. With regard to the Slavs, the situation of the plain between the Crişuri rivers and the Danube remains unclear, although there are some mentions in literary accounts to more or less certain discoveries grouped on the northern shore of the Danube in the Romanian Banat.
More...USE OF THE REPERTORY; BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DATA; SPECIAL ISSUES; CONTENTS OF VOLUMES; NAME INDEX; SUBJECT INDEX; GEOGRAPHICAL INDEX; REVIEW INDEX;
More...Keywords: blindness;mystery;creation;metaphysics;myth;
The aim of this paper is to analyze the different occurrences of the blindness’ metaphor in relation with the general background of LucianBlaga’s dramatic poem ‘Zalmoxis’. The metaphysic background of the dramatic poem is illustrated by Thracian mythical representations, suggestions to Christian religion, Romanian folkloric sources and representations of theDionysian rituals. This complex metaphysic background reveals the poeticvoice’s quest of deconstructing the myth while it is written, in order to provethat the divinity possesses the power, but only the human being possesses the light which can lead one to the final truth. Participating at the process of creation can be a painful task; consequently, the process of creation andthe blindness’ metaphor are associated with the ambiguous dimension of thesubconscious.
More...Keywords: archetype;myth;poetry a visionary;
The Posthumous Work of Lucian Blaga - Toward an Anarchetype
More...Keywords: reader; author; book; the reading experience;
This large section of the issue contains the opinions of different literary critics and writers regarding the relationship between author-text-reader.
More...Keywords: Counterculture;May 1968;New Left;Capitalism;
A collection of texts about the social and political implication of May 1968 events.
More...Keywords: Ion Pop;Echinox literary movement; neomodernism;
This thematic file entitled „Ion Pop's Poetry” aims to be a "recovery" of the poet's prestige under the hegemony of the critic who irredeemably confiscated the literary prestige and, at the same time, the literary personality of Ion Pop. Of course, we are talking about the critical reception and the obstinacy that perpetuated the split between the poet and the critic.
More...Keywords: The Avant-Garde literature; Tristan Tzara;Surrealism; Ilarie Voronca;
Vatra Journal calls for a general reflection on the avant-garde's timeliness, the openings it offers, and the permeability of this subject to the most diverse methodologies and approaches.
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