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Selected Bibliography on 1968
Библиографија изабраних радова о 1968. години
Selected Bibliography on 1968
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Selected Bibliography on 1968
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U tekstu su predstavljeni prvi rezultati u radu na projektu "Urbani kulturni identiteti i religioznost u savremenom kontekstu i okruženju". S obzirom na to da je istraživanje u početnoj fazi, sve izloženo predstavlja samo početne premise i prve hipoteze koje će, nadamo se, obezbediti bogatu iskustvenu građu za dalju interpretaciju. Izneti su podaci kojima raspolažu državne institucije a koje se tiču statusa i "vidljivosti" religijskih organizacija u Srbiji. Zavodi za statistiku, Ministarstvo vera i Agencija za privredni registar, svaka na svoj način, značajne za dobijanje relevantnih podataka o verskim organizacijama priznatim i registrovanim na teritoriji države, primenjuju potpuno različite kriteriju me i klasifikacije za određenje različitih oblika religijskog organizovanja. Kao jedna od posledica neadekvatnog Zakona o crkvama i verskim zajednicama, veliki broj alternativnih religija je registrovan, uglavnom, kao udruženja građana, pa je njihovo učešće u religijskm životu u Srbiji u najvećoj meri nepoznanica.
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Keywords: hinterland; Hungary; book publishing; National Széchényi Library; First World War Collection; homefront; everyday life;
The political and military history of the First World War is well examined by historians, but researchers usually pay less attention to the matters of the homefront. This is problematic, because the war between 1914 and 1918 made an impact in all aspects of life. Book publishing was not an exception. The military activity and the difficulties of the heartland were discussed by the released books. This study wants to introduce the main directions and trends in Hungarian book publishing and present the former First World War Collection of the National Széchényi Library.
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Keywords: First World War; family story; oral history; battlefield diary;
A family may cherish some typical information about a soldier’s life, which otherwise would not have survived. A ticket-inspector, Dániel Zsengellér (1889–1979), a corporal in the 38th Infantry Regiment of the Austro–Hungarian Monarchy was seriously wounded in the war against Serbia on September 8th 1914. First it was presumed that he died but thanks to a series of lucky chance survived. The story of his survival, which he later told his family members several times, became a family legend. Even during the communist era, when the First World War had no official cult, the story was handed down by his descendants to the younger generations as a piece of oral history. The paper presents and analyzes the humble objects related to the story, which have also been kept – a battlefield diary, photographs, medals, rings, shells, military records.
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Keywords: post-communist transformation period;privatization processes;Hungary;Orbán’s government;Eastern Europe;
It would be plausible to construct a ‘variety of communisms’ theory, categorizing the state-socialist economies not only by region but by historical epoch. China, for example, imitated the Stalinist model in the first years after the Revolution, but by the 1960s the PRC had developed its own unique social and economic institutions. The goulash communism of János Kádár’s Hungary, which took shape after 1956, differed drastically from the classical Soviet model. Nevertheless, during the last decades of state socialism, the communist societies were broadly on a convergence trajectory: the gap between Czechoslovakia or Hungary and the USSR, for instance, narrowed. State ownership of the means of production, the redistributive nature of economic integration and the political monopoly of the Communist Party created a homologous institutional environment. The system largely suppressed the legacies of pre-communist times.
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Keywords: Bartos de Sziget Family; Princely Officials
The service of the king played a particular role in upward social mobility in premodern Hungary, as the monarchs – thanks to the specific sovereign rights – had opportunities not comparable with that of the other members of society to reward subjects dear to them. Many commoners also managed to acquire nobility or seigneurial rights in the 15th and 16th centuries, thanks to their erudition (literacy and proficiency in Latin) which made it possible for them to be employed in the monarchic administration. The government of the Principality of Transylvania, a new state that emerged in the eastern part of Hungary in the mid-16th century, played a similar role. The present study gives the history of a family as an example of this.The father lived in Sziget, a small town in the north-eastern region of Hungary, and his profession possibly was that of a saddler. His sons were given an education. Péter started working at the Princely Treasury as an auditor (rationista), György supposedly served in the Princely Chancellery as a scribe, and István had been the private secretary to lords, and then worked as a scribe of the Princely Chancellery. The father already had been ennobled by a charter (this was usual among craftsmen from the end of the 16th century), and his sons were granted exemption for their plots in Sziget by the Prince. After the untimely death of the two elderly brothers, only István remained alive; he was awarded with estate donations as well by the Prince, and then entered into a marriage with a noblewoman from a well-to-do seigneurial family, inheriting landed properties by his marriage as well. After all, he used the cash from his father’s heritage or his court service to purchase the landed properties from different landlords being in difficulties. He attached great importance to good farming on the acquired landed properties. Old seigneurial families immediately accepted him, the homo novus, as one of them: this is clearly shown by the marriages of István and his children.
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Keywords: Greek crisis; current-account rebalancing; coopetition; cooperation; competition
We propose a model of coopetitive-game (of normal-form type) within a perspective of economic growth and devote it to Greek crisis. The model is conceived at a macro level and its main aim is that of rebalancing the current-account of Greece. We construct the game trying to represent feasible scenarios of the strategic interaction between Greece and Germany, which is the strongest economy of the euro area. We shall suggest - after a deep study of our sample - feasible transferable-utility solutions, in a properly-coopetitive perspective, for the divergent interests of Greece and Germany.
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Keywords: Hussite; religious persecution; sect; heretics; acceptance; Moldavia
The study shows a few issues related to the migration of the Hussite believers during the 15th century due to the lack of religious freedom and religious or economic persecutions they were subjected to in Bohemia and Moravia which were their homeland, migrating towards Poland, Hungary, Transylvania and Moldavia where they found shelter and religious acceptance. A notable fact is that the rulers of Moldova at the time, Stefan the Great and Alexander the Kind who were Orthodox christians, not only did they offer the Hussite the possibility to leave in peace and unbothered by anybody due to their religious believes but even offered them certain privileges. The study shows that religious tolerance is a demonstration of love and respect towards another, indispensable qualities of a believer’s spiritual life.
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Keywords: health system; responsibility; performance indicators; Balance Scorecard
In this paper an approach is achieved integrated health system in Romania in terms of performance indicators and center with responsibility for patient concerns. Practical study highlights the characteristics differentiated the Romanian system of state health system and private health system. Using BSC method as a tool to obtain an image of the reality of the health system in Romania as well as the source for the formulation of future strategies. The implementation of medical ethical principles through a management of medical ethics will presuppose first, an adaptation of health system to patients’ needs, respect for patients’ rights, which come from the directive concerning cross-border medical assistance. To conclude ethical principles in health care must be promoted since only due to these principles people will benefit from patient-centred care, will be provided respectful and responsive health care and above all will actually benefit from their right to health care.
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Keywords: Intelligent Business System; Expert System; Knowledge; Artificial Intelligence Planning Problem (AIPP).
The dynamic nature of economic processes and phenomena, their complexity and diversity, the prospect of economic globalization and decentralization, have determined the decision makers to focus on continually improving the methods and techniques aimed to support them, both at the microeconomic and the macroeconomic level. The work in hand compares Business Intelligence Systems (BIS) in relation to Intelligent Business Systems (IBS). We highlight the ways to shift from an E-business system to an IBS system, provide a solution for an Intelligent Business System based on Production Rules (IBSPR). We use this solution in developing a four levels Web application to solve a problem of planning, in compliance with all of the developing phases of an expert system, by using a methodology like UML-Agent for the analysis of the application and by using .Net technology.
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Keywords: immigration/emigration; Polonity; Stara emigracja; Polish Minority; Languages and Cultures of Origin; education programme; immigration/émigration; Polonité; Minorité polonaise
In 1919, France and Poland signed a Convention on emigration/immigration in order to expedite the sending of Polish workers to France. No clause in this document provided for the schooling of Polish children. French employers and Polish workers then set up a Polish-speaking education programme.With a view to possibly and soon returning to their homeland, maintaining Polish identity was necessary and entailed that people learn their native language, but also all about Poland’s history and geography. Faced with the creation of these “Polish classes”, several government circulars were published in the 1920s to regulate these teachings and authorise foreign instructors, thus infringing the principle of non-differentiation of children educated under the French Republican school system. When studying this issue of Polish lessons taught in France between 1919 and 1939, it is interesting to see how the Polish minority held a vital (and enduring) role in the establishment of the Native Languages and Cultures education programme in France (the ELCO, still currently at the heart of a debate).
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Keywords: China; ‘Dollar Diplomacy’; ‘Neo-Liberealism’; ‘Open Door’; ‘Structural Liberalism’
Much attention has surrounded ‘America’s Pivot to Asia’, hyped in fanfare, castigated by China, welcomed by smaller Asian states in the context of wishful maritime security, all involving an air and naval pivot to Asia by the United States. Less attention has focused on a Western economic pivot to Asia, a significant American financial presence, including World Bank (WB) cooperation under American leadership with the Asia Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) under Chinese leadership. Although the AIIB stands to become theoretically an antithesis of the WB, recently the AIIB changed course quietly, grounding its funding in US dollars instead of Chinese RenMinBi, itself borrowing from the WB to support derivative loans from the AIIB to developing nations! This chapter addresses the significance of what appears facially to be a ‘carrot and stick’ approach, focusing particularly on opportunities for Sino-American and Sino-European cooperation instead of confrontation, then forecasting ways such cooperation will promote progressive military de-escalation. Is this financial cooperation a form of 21st century ‘Dollar Diplomacy’ that will result in an American military pivot away from Asia? If so, it contains some hallmarks of what some might consider ‘Structural Liberalism’ or neo-liberalism in a neo-realist package, possibly to be labeled ‘neo-liberealism’.
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Keywords: students; risk behaviors; alimentation; smoking; consume alcohol
Background: To reduce behavioral risk factors is a priority of health policies in the Republic of Moldova. However, the promotion of health is a prerogative of the health system and less in educational activities in schools or universities.The aim: to identify medical students’ behavioral risks and their perception in health promotion.Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was performed using the CORT questionnaire (elaborated and validated at UMF “V. Babeş”, Timişoara, Romania). Data on demographic and socio-economic characteristics and student’s behaviors were collected: dietary habits, drugs, smoking, family and school environment etc. A structured interview with 473 students was performed. This study was conducted according to the principles of the Helsinki Declaration (1996) and approval of the Nicolae Testemitanu SUMPh ethics committee no.16 from 14.11.2016.Results: There were 473 students integrated into the study, including 359 (75.9%) females and 114 (24.1%) males, mean age 20.42±1.57 years old. The anthropometric indices showed that the average height was 1.69±0.09m and the body mass was 61.31±0.53kg (σ=0.089). The nutritional status with a deficit is 16.1%, the surplus status is 25.2%. Non-smokers – 59.1%, who do not consume alcohol – 28.8%, who do not consume drugs – 95.1%.Conclusion: Our results require us to develop measures to reduce and, in some cases, eliminate health problems, students’ negative behavioral attitudes and risk factors responsible for the health condition, mental health and health culture.
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Due to her origin, Iulia, the daughter of Iulius Caesar and the wife of Pompey the Great was one of the most important women of Republican Rome. Mentions about Iulia preserved in written records of ancient writers, including Cicero, clearly show that she did not stand out of women of her era. She was seen as an obedient daughter, a faithful devoted wife who did not engage herself in issues not fitting for Roman aristocrat. Although the feeling that Pompey had for his very young wife was emphasized, it did not seem to affect his decisions in a broader perspective. In later times, her image was depicted freely, among others because she did not play much of a role in the history of Rome. However, even as a fictional character, she did not play the main role, remaining rather a secondary character.
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In 41 AD Claudius started to produce a brand new series of coins with an unprecedented iconography: Nemesis with a legend PACI AVGVSTAE. The coins were minted until 52 AD. Modern historians offer a very sophisticated explanation of the Claudius’ reasons to exploit this iconography. First, it was supposed to be base on the Roman understanding of pax: war was an instrument of punishing the superbi, so pax as a result of it could be linked to Nemesis. It is trueNemesis and Pax were juxtaposed and connected. Second part of the explanation presupposes that Claudius used the figure of Nemesis from the Pompey’s tomb as a model. This Nemesis commemorated the punished ὕβρις of Pompey. The outlined explanation was elaborated by Michail Rostovtzeff (who based his interpretation on the earlier comments by Joseph Eckhel).Eckhel-Rostovtzeff hypothesis is, however, based on very weak foundations. Claudius usedNemesis to express the meaning of the Roman concept of pax. The reason for this was quite simple: he came to power after the assassination of Caligula, in the time when the Romans observed a feast of Pax. Moreover, there are no suggestions in the preserved testimonies that Caesar wanted to denigrate the memory of his main opponent. Caesar ordered to bury the remains of Pompey and dedicated to Nemesis the plot of landfor this purpose. He did so because he aspired to be seen as a decent Roman who punished the death of his fellow citizen (and a friend, colleague, son-in-law). Probably Caesar also allowed Cornelia to transfer the ashes from the Alexandrian Nemeseion to Alba, but besides Plutarch no other source confirms that such an act in fact ever took place.
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Keywords: semantic loans; semantic change; Quebec; emprunt semantique; changement semantique; francais
In this communication, we examine the use of four words (alternative, opportunite, supporter, versatile) considered to be English semantic loans in some of their uses in Quebec French. These uses are caracterised by the fact that they conflict on an axiological level with some of the French meanings of the same words. Comparative analysis of a lexicographic corpus (1880–2013) and Quebec written French corpora (1992–2012) shows that the meanings branded as “English” are the most commonly used. However, even though the axiological opposition they introduce results in semantic ambiguity, the various processes of semantic change that allow these meanings to make sense show that the “English” loans are not as foreign or borrowed as they seem. The appropriateness of intralingual equivalents such as solution, occasion, appuyer and polyvalent is re-evaluated on the basis of the results presented here. // Cette communication porte sur l’utilisation de quatre mots (alternative, opportunite, supporter, versatile) dont certaines acceptions sont considerees comme des emprunts de sens a l’anglais en francais au Quebec et qui ont pour caracteristique commune d’entrer en conflit, au plan axiologique, avec les acceptions francaises des memes mots. L’analyse comparative d’un corpus lexicographique (1880–2013) et de deux corpus quebecois de francais ecrit (1992–2012) permet de montrer que les sens marques comme anglais constituent les usages les plus frequents de trois de ces mots. Les processus de changement semantique qui permettent a ces sens de faire sens malgre l’ambiguite introduite par l’opposition axiologique sont divers, mais signalent tous que les sens « anglais » ne sont pas si « etrangers » qu’ils le semblent de prime abord. L’adequation des « equivalents » intralinguaux solution, occasion, appuyer et polyvalent est reevaluee au regard des resultats de l’analyse.
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Keywords: Gender equality; Tuzla; Livno; Socio-economic research; Education; Violence in family;
Jedan od osnovnih principa Evropske unije čijom članicom nastoji postati i Bosna i Hercegovina je rodna ravnopravnost. Amsterdamski ugovor, te brojne direktive EU obavezuju države da u svojim politikama i programima doprinose jednakopravnosti žena i muškaraca. Rodna ravnopravnost je i jedan od 17 globalnih ciljeva Programa održivog razvoja do 2030. godine kojeg su usvojile članice Ujedinjenih naroda, a koji je proizašao iz Milenijumske deklaracije. Najvažniji dokument UN-a iz domena rodne ravnopravnosti je Konvencija o eliminisanju svihoblika diskriminacije žena. Ukidanje diskriminacije žena i djevojčica, kako stoji u Programu, nije samo osnovno ljudsko pravo, nego ima višestruki učinak na druga područja razvoja. Od 2013. BiH je i potpisnica Istanbulske konvencije. Rodna ravnopravnost koja podrazumijeva jednako učešće žena i muškaraca u svim sferama javnog i privatnog života, jednak status, jednaku involviranost u procese odlučivanja u politici, programe rada i prakse svih institucija, te jednak pristup društvenim resursima i jednake benefite od njih, dugoročno bi trebala rezultirati kvalitetnijim i humanijim životom u zajednici.
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Keywords: Turkish Policies; Christians; Exclusion; Turkey; non-Muslim; Ottoman Empire; multi-cultural; multi-religious; multi-ethnic; ethnic backgrounds;
The Republic of Turkey, as a direct heir of the Ottoman Empire, inherited the empire’s multi-cultural, multi-religious, and multi-ethnic diversity. As a result, entering into modernity, Turkey itself is composed of several peoples with different ethnic backgrounds, among which a Christian community. Christians, once an essential composite of the Ottoman administration, is now a very small percentage of the total population, with its vast majority now living in Istanbul itself. With the fall of Istanbul in 1453, the proportion of the non-Muslim population in the Ottoman Empire reached 60 per cent overnight. This made it impossible for the Ottomans to rule over many different peoples through a legal system based on sharia. The millet system “set in motion the development of an order that involved autonomy and decentralisation for non-Muslim groups but within religious hierarchy”.
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