![Bibliography Teksty Drugie 2001-2007](/api/image/getissuecoverimage?id=picture_2008_16372.jpg)
Bibliography Teksty Drugie 2001-2007
Bibliografia zawartości „Tekstów Drugich” za lata 2001-2007
Bibliography Teksty Drugie 2001-2007
More...Bibliography Teksty Drugie 2001-2007
More...Keywords: political systems; political parties; Central Europe; European integration; Visegrad Group
This analysis reviews pro-European and anti-European attitudes in the political life of Visegrad Group states in 1989–2004. It was not easy to identify these attitudes, as the profile of Central European political parties often depended on the personalities of their most prominent persons and their political platforms, especially during the first period of the post-communist era, and these did not keep pace with the changes that occurred around them. In the first half of the decade, integration with the EC/EU was considered an issue related to foreign policy. This was conducive to maintaining a superficial consensus on the matter. As negotiations went into more detail and their finalisation came closer, the political scene became more strongly diversified into three main orientations: „pro-European”, „anti-European” and „Eurosceptic” – based on disputes concerning internal reforms and the pace of these reforms, membership conditions, relations with other European countries or the target integration model. Both pro-European and anti-European discourses were based to a certain extent on emotional arguments, and this did not lead to deeper debates on issues related to integration.
More...Keywords: Wielkopolska;alcohol;19th-century
W artykule przedstawiono powstanie i rozwój ruchu abstynenckiego w Wielkopolsce w XIX stuleciu. Cezura początkowa badań, to rok 1840, uważany przez niektórych badaczy za datę przełomową w historii zorganizowanego ruchu abstynenckiego na tych terenach. Powstało bowiem wówczas Towarzystwo ku Przytłumieniu Używania Wódki w Wielkim Księstwie Poznańskim. Zainicjował go lekarz – chirurg De La Roch (Niemiec o francuskim rodowodzie). Sprawą abstynencji zainteresowali się również wielkopolscy duchowni katoliccy na czele z kościelnymi hierarchami: arcybiskupem gnieźnieńskim i poznańskim Leonem Przyłuskim, Mieczysławem Halka Ledóchowskim, Florianem Oksza Stablewskim oraz biskupem Janem Kantym Dąbrowskim.Zafascynowała ich m.in. działalność ks. Jana Nepomucena Ficka – proboszcza z Piekar Śląskich i kilku innych kapłanów, z inicjatywy których już w pierwszym półroczu 1844 roku powstało na Górnym Śląsku wiele kościelnych bractw wstrzemięźliwości. Za sprawą bp. Dąbrowskiego w latach 1844–1845 ok. 100 tys. osób złożyło śluby trzeźwości, wstępując do bractw wstrzemięźliwości. W 1852 roku na tereny Wielkopolski przybyli z Galicji jezuiccy misjonarze: ks. Karol Bołoz Antoniewicz, ks. Teofil Baczyński i ks. Kamil Praszałowicz, by m.in. za pomocą stosownych kazań odwodzić od pijaństwa.Wielkopolscy duchowni aktywnie działali również w świeckich towarzystwach abstynenckich. Włączyli się w prace zorganizowanego w Kórniku w 1887 roku przez Zygmunta Celichowskiego Towarzystwa Szerzenia Wstrzemięźliwości, a zwłaszcza istniejącego od 1890 roku w Poznaniu Towarzystwa Wstrzemięźliwości „Jutrzenka”. Inicjatorem i pierwszym prezesem „Jutrzenki” był Józef Chociszewski, a po jego rezygnacji ks. Józef Kłos. / The article presents the origins and development of the idea of absenteeism in Greater Poland in the 19th century. The start date for the research is 1840, which is considered to be a breakthrough year in the history of an organized absenteeism movement in Greater Poland. It was due to the Association for the Suppression of the Use of Vodka (Towarzystwo ku Przytłumieniu Używania Wódki) in the Great Duchy of Posen that was then established in Kórnik. It was a secular organization that came into being on an initiative of doctor De La Roch, who was a German surgeon of a French origin. However, as early as 1844, the idea of absenteeism raised an interest of catholic clergymen of Greater Poland with high ranking clergy such as Rev. Leon Michał Przyłuski, Archbishop of Gniezno and Rev. Jan Kanty Dąbrowski, Archbishop of Posen, and later on Archbishops Rev. Mieczysław Halka Ledóchowski and Rev. Florian Oksza Stablewski.They were fascinated with activities of Rev. Jan Nepomucen Fick, Parish Priest of Piekary Śląskie and several other priests on whose initiative a lot of church brotherhoods of so called holy continence were set up in Upper Silesia as early as the first half-year of 1844. It was due to Bishop Dąbrowski that 100 000 people took vows of absenteeism in 1844–1845, becoming members of brotherhoods of absenteeism. In turn, it was an initiative of Archbishop Przyłuski that Jesuit missionaries – Rev. Karol Bołoz Antoniewicz, Rev. Teofil Baczyński and Rev. Kamil Praszałowicz, arrived in Greater Poland from Galicia in 1852 to promote the idea of absenteeism. Starting from 1848, they were helping Silesian clergymen to spread absenteeism.Clergymen of Greater Poland were also active in secular absenteeism associations. They became involved in the workings of the Association for the Promotion of Absenteeism that was set up by Zygmunt Celichowski in Kórnik in 1887, and especially in the Jutrzenka Absenteeism Association (Towarzystwo Wstrzemięźliwości „Jutrzenka”) that was established in 1890 in Posen. An initiator and the first president of Jutrzenka Association was Józef Chociszewski, who after his resignation was followed by Rev. Józef Kłos.The article discusses the origins and activities of these associations and brotherhoods in more detail and presents their initiators, leaders and active participants.
More...Keywords: blessed; Edmund Bojanowski;John Paul II;
More...Keywords: inter-district private law; private international law; private law; codification; unification;
The intent of this study is to analyse the origins, development, and application of the enactments which regulated the problem of the collision of legal rules which emerged in the territory of Poland after the First World War. The article is divided into four parts. The first part refers to the characteristics of the concept of inter-district private laws (i.e. the interlocal, the interregional, and the interterritorial), as well as the regulations of the Invading States, and to their legal orders, in particular those of the Russian Empire, as they applied in the Kingdom of Poland which was established by the Congress of Vienna. The second part discusses various aspects of the creation of the legal order of the newly created Second Republic of Poland, such as: the diverse orders of private law in force within the territory of the Polish State after 1918; the works of the Commission of Codification of Law; and the works of the Polish parliament on a project of the statute on the private inter-district law, which was discussed along with a project concerning the act of private international law. The third part of the study deals properly with the Act of the 2nd of August 1926, on the law specific for private inter-district relations. Special attention was paid, in particular, to the case law of the Supreme Court of Poland concerning the application in practice of the solutions adopted in the aforementioned statute, especially in the materia of the marriage law of persons, the property law, and the law of succession. Forensic jurisprudence, in fact, quite often had to interpret and elucidate provisions of the statute for the purpose of application in relation to the corpus of different (foreign) legal orders. The problem of the binding force of the aforementioned statute after the unification of law in 1945–1946 is another topic covered in the study. At the end, in the conclusions, it is underlined and proved that the inter-district private law has more than just a historical dimension and significance. Even today it constitutes the basis for judicial decisions in private cases which arose before the Second World War.
More...Keywords: Jointure; Jan Klemens Branicki; Izabela from Poniatowscy Branicka; will; inheritance;
The article describes the institution of Jointure, which was present in the Polish Crown. This institution provided the possibility to mutual demise to a spouse the usufruct and collection of income from assets (movable and immovable property), without the possibility of taking action violating the rights of owners. People could pass both pledged and unpledged assets and estate. A characteristic feature of this institution was, that the legislation was imprecisely regulated, which had enormous impact on common law and jurisprudence. In the article I analyse in detail the process of applying the law from the moment on November 12, 1748 when Klemens Branicki signed the marriage contract with Stanislaw Ciołek Poniatowski and Konstancja Poniatowska of the Czartoryski. An agreement of Jointure was prepared 10 days later, in which Izabela and Jan Klemens Branicki endowed each other with all of their assets. This agreement was signifi cantly modifi ed by the hetman in his will in 1769. After the death of the Castellan of Cracow a long lawsuit began between his successors and the widow – Izabela. The lawsuit was finally settled in 1800. The most important procedural step was a decision handed down by a special court authorised by the constitution in 1774.
More...Keywords: Islam; Polish missionary magazines
The essay presents an overview of the articles about Islam published in Polish missionary magazines since the end of the Second World War. There are nearly thirty missionary magazines, which can be divided into four categories: 1) low-circulation for general public; 2) high-circulation for general public; 3) popular science; 4) academic. The method of historical analysis leads to the following, general conclusions: Magazines targeted at general public treat Islam in a rather cursory manner. Their missiographics usually perceive it in a negative way, as a persecutor of Christianity. Popular science magazines tend to espouse more neutral beliefs. They publish monographs, comparative essays, articles about interreligious dialogue and missiographic essays. The most objective image of Islam can be found in academic publications.
More...Keywords: neurolinguistics; processing model; language function; neural network
This paper aims at presenting the evolution of neurolinguistic models and provides their review and summary. The author presents the traditional and modern models and reflects on the linguistic interpretation of the results of neurological experiments.
More...Keywords: modernization of Polish; Polish nationalism; nationalist political thought;
The Roman Dmowski’s propositions of modernization of interwar Poland (1918–1939) can not be considered in terms of theories of modernization created after 1945 as a coherent, logic systems. For Dmowski the modern (modernized) Poland would be a „efficient” state with capitalist economy, free market and the respect for private property, with reduced social legislation, with developed industry and agriculture, with a strong middle class, with restricted bureaucratic machine; a national state with restricting the rights of national minorities, with low number of Jews, with the limiting the powers of the legislature and a strong executive, with association polishness with catholicism and strong emphasis on the presence of catholic religion in social life. Some ideas of Dmowski were not bad (e.g. save money and reduction of excessively developed bureaucratic machine, the development of industry and agriculture, the fight against speculation), however, the proposals were often too vague or unclear or were remarkably oriented to the free market and for this reason had no chance of implementation and popularity in the atmosphere of the 20s and 30s in interwar Poland (e.g. proposal of reduction excessively developed social legislation), some of proposals were expressly anti-Semitic. Similarly, in the area of the Polish political system and political life Dmowski offered „positive” solutions (recovery and moralisation of Polish political life, raising the niveau of political culture of the Polish political elites and Polish society, strengthening of executive power) and „negative” proposals (association polishness with catholicism and his instrumental use, desire to make Poland a national state, desire to move away from the rule of parliamentary, postulate of removing the excess of the Jewish population in Poland). The least controversial were proposals in the sphere of social and mental modernization of the Polish society (attachment to the rule of law, the cultural and civilizational raising of lower strata and classes, care for a family – according to Dmowski important institution for society, increasing hard work / diligence of the Polish population, learning of positive competition or skills competition, development of the awareness of the Polish population concerning social and economic problems, emphasis on its own – Polish creativity). It is impossible unambiguously assess all Dmowski’s proposals of Poland’s modernization – they were characterized by – similar to entire creative achievements of Dmowski – some „duality” – controversional ideas were mixed with interesting concepts, sometimes original.
More...Keywords: state; intelligentsia; ethos; elites; evaluation of transformation
The main aim of the article is to present and analyze the ideas of young Polish intellectual elites about the state. The article discusses the historical context of the relationship between intelligentsia and the state. I also pay attention to the related ambivalences. I argue that young intellectual elites are convinced of the semi-peripheral position of Poland. Simultaneously, their representatives speak for an active, inclusive state that, in their opinion, had not been built after 1989. Although the noticeable way of thinking that emphasizes the importance of the state is shared across generations, it is markedly present among younger generations. The basis of the presented analysis is several dozen in-depth interviews with representatives of young intellectual elites. The article contributes to historical and sociological studies on the consciousness of Polish intelligentsia.
More...Keywords: economic development; regional development of the Polish lands under partitions; GDP; Poland in the nineteenth century
The article presents a reconstruction of historic gross domestic product (GDP) in the Polish lands at the turn of the twentieth century. This is the first in the Polish economic historiography comprehensive GDP estimate for individual partitions and the whole Polish territory in 1900 and 1910, in a double approach: within the frontiers at the turn of the nineteenth century and within the present ones. The study has been based on a broad statistical basis, the calculations of income on the level of partitions and total GDP have been performed with the output method and bottom-up method, part of the computations has been made with the use of simple linear regression. The article is divided into five parts: 1) a description of the present state of research, 2) a territorial scope of the study, 3) sources, 4) methods, 5) results and their interpretation. The closing part contains conclusions and proposition for further research in the field.
More...Keywords: Henryk Sienkiewicz; Stanisław Grudziński; comparative analysis;
The subject of the research are literary convergences that link the prose of the forgotten writer of the Positivist period, Stanisław Grudziński, with the works of Henryk Sienkiewicz, especially with his Trilogy. The comparative analysis includes Grudziński’s novels (Powieści ukraińskie, 1879–1880; Zuch dziewczyna. Powieść obyczajowa, Warszawa 1879). The confluences concern characteristic linguistic devices that render the Ukrainian flavour, fictional entanglements and literary portraits of the main and the secondary protagonists, the identical names of Zagłoba and Horpyna appearing in the texts of both writers. However, the above may be considered as manifestations of dissimilarities within the similar. Sienkiewicz may have been using the same cultural inspirations as Grudziński for the purpose of conjuring up the Ukrainian reality. It is also possible that Sienkiewicz remembered some elements of Grudziński’s prose, using those motifs and ideas which he considered worth developing. In relation to his hypothetical literary predecessor, Sienkiewicz appeared incomparably superior in terms of his artistic imagination, patterns of storytelling, creative development of his characters, as well as his mastery of language. In effect, Sienkiewicz obliterated the memory of Grudziński, who could have served as a model for his own literary works.
More...Keywords: Bibliography; history; Lodz; Lodz Church;
Selective bibliography of the history of the Łódź Church
More...The article discusses dialect features appearing in spoken language of inhabitants of Sieradz, a town with a long and rich history. Although Sieradz is again (after many years) the capital of the province, it is quite a small town - the number of its population does not exceed 30,000. The town is situated in the area of the so-called central Poland's dialects - dialects very temporary and changeable and in consequence very close to literary language. The article has been mainly based on linguistic data obtained from seven informants - representatives of the oldest generation. Because Polish language of inhabitants of Sieradz has not been scientifically described yet, its systematic description was made taking into consideration mainly phonetics and inflexion and partly - word-formatlon and syntax. Linguistic forms true to literary language were noted first of all if there was a different performance of the forms in dialects. It was important to notice whether the describe^ linguistic phenomena were common and whether they tended to deteriorate; the relation between those phenomena and the dialects surrounding the town was also defined. Spoken language of inhabitants pf Sieradz is Characterized by the presence of dialect variants though clear dialect features like mazurzenie (a characteristic feature of the pronunciation of Mazovian consisting in substituting dental stops and affricates for alveolar stops and affricates) or transition of -j£ into -k appear rather seldom. Dialect elements often appear together with literary ones, they do not remain constantly and some of them are only very occasionally met. The town inhabitants avoid first of all clear dialect pronunciation what often leads to the production of hypercorrect forms.
More...Keywords: Polish Jewry; Polish Jewish history; Polish history; modern Jewish history; Jewish historiography; Polish-Jewish relations; anti-Semitism;
This article examines the different ways that various communities of scholars imagine, research and teach about “Polish Jewry.” Focusing on scholarship written in Israel, Poland and the United States over the past generation or two, the article argues that each particular community of scholars constructs a particular version of Polish Jewry and that each of these versions is deeply influenced by contemporary social, political and communal needs and demands. As a result, scholars very often end up constructing radically different versions of Polish Jewish history and society. These scholarly differences reflect many of the challenges and difficulties related to researching and writing about the history and culture of Polish Jews since 1989.
More...Keywords: Denmark; Polish-Lithuanian-Commonwealth; comparative studies; Swedish ‘Deluge’
In the 1650s, the Danish Kingdom and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth were hit by a severe crisis that threatened their existence. Although similar in regard to their political, social, and economic systems, both countries dealt with the crisis differently: in Denmark absolutism was introduced, making it possible to modernize the state, while in the Commonwealth reforms failed, and the state descended into downfall. The primary reason was the change of the position of the king and religion, due to the adoption of Lutheranism as the official state church of Denmark in the early sixteenth century.
More...Keywords: Poland; Russia; tragic history; wars; war crimes; Katyń; territorial cessions; limitation of sovereignty; European security; threats; NATO; EU; OSCE; energy security
Contemporary relations between the Republic of Poland and the Russian Federation have been shaped under the overwhelming influence of historical experiences. Poland utilizes primarily its negative experiences, memory of bloody wars, persecution of Poles during the partitions, Polish-Bolshevik war of 1920, armed attack of the USSR in September 1939 and repressions against the population of the occupied Eastern Borderlands, particularly the Katyń massacre, limitation of sovereignty in years 1945–1989. The above constitutes choosing from the collective memory only the martyrdom and heroic history of the Polish nation. Polish-Russian relations after 1989 were dominated by the disputes over history. The other fundamental disputable issue between Poland and Russia are different visions of European security; Poland, after joining the West, advocates basing the international security in Europe on US participation, enlargement of NATO and the European Union to the East, however, excluding Russia. On the other hand, Russia is demanding conclusion of a collective security agreement in Europe and, in the situation when the West rejects it, it prefers a superpower’s balance policy. The third major dispute between Poland and Russia is the issue of energy security, which Poland wants to ensure by liquidating the Russian monopoly as a supplier of energy resources. The author draws pessimistic conclusions from the analysis of the old and new problems in Polish-Russian relations, pointing to the lack of an unambiguous perspective for improving these relations in the future. He argues that these problems adversely affect the ability to pursue Polish interests in relations with other countries, including its allies and partners from the European Union.
More...Keywords: Poles in Rome and in the Papal States; pastoral care for Polish citizens; first half of the 19th century
This article is a sketch showing the background and the functioning of the pastoral care for Polish citizens in Rome and other Italian countries in the years 1795-1863. The activities of the Polish pastoral care institutions meant taking into account a different pastoral style by admitting various elements of family religiosity. There are many articles and dictionaries in Polish historiography, in which there are data about clerics working among expatriates in Italian countries. Nevertheless, the subject of Polish pastoral care in the first half of the 19th century in the Papal States and Italy requires detailed research. The monographic development of this historical issue must be preceded by a long-term source query in Polish and foreign archives and libraries. In addition to the presentation of the findings, the author pointed out research postulates related to the issues raised and described the sources from the Roman Archive of the Congregation of the Resurrection, the Princes Czartoryski Archives from Krakow, and printed documents. The subject matter presented here, as the author thinks, should be an inspiration for a comprehensive study of the pastoral care for Polish residents of the Apennine Peninsula in the 19th century.
More...Keywords: Polish-Lithuanian Union; Liberum veto; Confederation; Four-year Polish Seim;
This article deals with the first modern European Constitution, an important political and legal document, representing one of the three crucial legal documents of the 18th century (next to the American Constitution, passed just four years before it, in 1787, and the Constitution of the revolutionary France, passed several months after it, in September of 1791.) It considers in detail the international constellation and the internal circumstances in Poland at that time, the Constitution passed in May, 1791, and the causes of the divisions in Poland, certainly the most tragic developments in the history of this country. The first ever translation of the Constitution into Serbian has been attached to this work.
More...