Series:Fondacija Centar za javno pravo - Projekti

Evaluation of the work of judges in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Vrednovanje rada sudija u Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): Božidarka Dodik / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: Public law; judiciary; judges; work; evaluation; BiH; european standards; quality; quantity; legal framework; ENCJ; CCJE; report;

U Bosni i Hercegovini primjenjuje se formalni model vrednovanja rada sudija čija su osnovna pravila i parametri utvrđeni podzakonskim aktima, a kriteriji za ocjenjivanje su u određenoj mjeri usklađeni sa evropskim standardima s obzirom da uključuju i kvantitativne i kvalitativne pokazatelje, te predstavljaju dobru polaznu osnovu za uspostavljanje adekvatnog sistema vrednovanja rada sudija. Međutim, odstupanje od Minimalnih standarda uočljivo je na više razina: prvo, nedostaju zakonom uređena i definirana osnovna pravila iz oblasti vrednovanja rada sudija, a postojeći zakonski okvir na nivou entiteta, odnosno Distrikta Brčko, nije harmoniziran. Pri tome, učestalo vrednovanje rada sudija (u FBiH ) odstupa od preporuka iz Minimalnih standarda s obzirom da to predstavlja svojevrstan pritisak kojim se ugrožava sudijska neovisnost. Dalje, primjetno je da su standardi koji se odnose na godišnju normu izuzetno zahtjevni i ne uvažavaju čak ni zakonom propisana prava sudija na odsustva s posla, što ima za posljedicu usmjeravanje sudijskog rada na kvantitet, tj. na broj riješenih predmeta, a na uštrb kvaliteta, pri čemu se gubi i motivacija za radom na složenijim predmetima. Također, odsustvo gradacije prilikom prebačaja godišnje norme djeluje destimulirajuće, pa je upitno ostvarenje cilja iz Minimalnih standarda koji se odnosi na očuvanje kvaliteta sudija u profesionalnom smislu i općenito na poboljšanje kvaliteta usluga koje pravosudni sistem treba da pruži građanima. Pored toga, kriteriji kvaliteta sudskih odluka i odnosa prema radu zasnovani su na statističkim pokazateljima, a oni nisu dovoljni za realnu i adekvatnu ocjenu kvaliteta rada sudije, pa je evidentna potreba za dopunom postojećih parametara koji bi uključivali i druge aspekte od značaja za vrednovanje kvaliteta, poput uvjerljivosti argumentacije, sposobnosti pravilnog rješavanja pravnih i činjeničnih pitanja, pravilne primjene zakona, sposobnosti rješavanja obimnih i kompleksnih predmeta i dr. Pri tome bi parametri odnosa prema radu koji se tiču postupanja sudija u određenim rokovima, morali uvažiti i priliv predmeta, odnosno obim posla koji uslovljava mogućnost ili nemogućnost postupanja u zadatom vremenskom okviru. Tek ukoliko bi se postojeći kriteriji dopunili u navedenom pravcu, moglo bi se smatrati da je zadovoljena preporuka Minimalnih standarda koja se odnosi na potrebu postojanja raznolikih i sveobuhvatnih kriterija (kvalitativnih i kvantitativnih), a koji zaista omogućuju punu i suštinku ocjenu rada sudije. Isto tako, značajno je zapaziti da ne postoje mjere u cilju korigiranja i otklanjanja posljedica lošeg sudijskog rada osim disciplinske odgovornosti, koja ne mora nužno postići efekte u poboljšanju kvaliteta rada sudije koji je ocijenjen negativno. Naposlijetku, u pogledu dodatnih aktivnosti sudija, odnosno, njihovog angažmana u poslovima koji su važni kako za poboljšanje kvaliteta rada pravosuđa u cjelini, tako i za promociju pravosuđa, primjetno je da postojeći Kriteriji ne prepoznaju značaj takvog sudijskog djelovanja. Iz svega slijedi da je potrebno korigirati i dopuniti postojeći sistem vrednovanja rada sudija u BiH u pravcu njegovog usklađivanja sa Minimalnim standardima, čime bi se uspostavio pravilniji odnos u vrednovanju kvantiteta i kvaliteta sudijskog rada, te u znatno većoj mjeri postigli oni ciljevi kojima teže moderni pravosudni sistemi: unapređenje efikasnosti pravosudnog sistema, očuvanje kvaliteta sudija u profesionalnom smislu, sa ciljem boljeg služenja građanima, razvijanje vještina kod sudija, uključujući i dodatnu obuku ukoliko ishod vrednovanja rada pokaže da je to neophodno, sprečavanje lošeg rada pravosudnog sistema, veća motiviranost i zadovoljstvo sudija izazvano sve boljim obavljanjem profesionalnih zaduženja i konačno, bolje upravljačke i liderske sposobnosti pripadnika pravosuđa a posredno, veća odgovornost pravosuđa i veći stepen povjerenja javnosti u pravosudni sistem.

Judiciary and Religious Features: Challenge and Perspectives

Pravosuđe i vjerska obilježja: izazov i perspektive

Author(s): Branko Perić / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: Public law; judiciary; BiH; religion; religious symbols; religious features; challanges; perspectives; VSTV; normative framework;

The author analyzes the conclusion of an independent regulator of the Judicial System in Bosnia and Herzegovina prohibiting the display of religious symbols for judicial function holders and employees of judicial institutions, referring to the national and international regulatory framework as well as the judicial practice of European Court of Human Rights and national courts. Pointing to the controversy of the conclusion and lack of regulation, the author proposes that the limitations concerning the use of religious symbols be extended to the prosecutorial part of the judicial system, but leaves the possibility that a part of the administrative staff, which has no direct link with the courtroom, be exempted from the prohibition by the courts as well as a part of staff in the prosecutor's offices, which does not participate in the exercise of prosecutorial powers. In terms of manifestation of religious feelings during working hours, the author proposes that a ban be imposed, by law, for all employees in the Judicial System as to ensure that judicial institution function is unhindered and religiously neutral.

Legal Editing of the Legal Position of Churches and Religious Communities in the Republic of Serbia: From Contestation to Improvement

Zakonsko uređivanje pravnog položaja crkava i verskih zajednica u Republici Srbiji: od osporavanja do unapređivanja

Author(s): Vladimir Đurić / Language(s): Serbian

Keywords: Public law; religion; church; religious communities; autonomy; legal framework; Republic of Serbia; constitution; Constitutional court; Law on churches and Religious Communities;

This article is prepared as a contribution to comprehensive review of the legal framework for the status of churches and religious communities in Serbia. The author analyzes the main legal provisions, as well as challenges and dilemmas regarding the constitutionality of the Law on churches and Religious Communities, with particular reference to the decision of the Constitutional Court on the constitutionality of that Act. Although the author concludes that the statutory provisions are fully in accordance with the Constitution, he proposes a few measures to improve the legislative framework.

Application of the legal principles in the decisions of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Croatia

Primjena pravnih načela u odlukama Vrhovnog suda Republike Hrvatske

Author(s): Jadranko Jug / Language(s): Croatian

Keywords: Public law; constitution; legal principles; Supreme court; Republic of Croatia; application; evaluation;

Pravna načela kao općeprihvaćeni pravni standardi koriste se u obrazloženjima odluka VSRH kao najvišeg suda u RH, i time čine sastavni dio pravnih stajališta i sudske prakse koju stvara VSRH. Iako pravna načela u pravnom sustavu RH nisu formalni izvor prava, kao dio obrazloženja odluka VSRH, snagom argumenata i autoritetom VSRH koji izražava svoja pravna shvaćanja u svojim odlukama, postaju prihvaćeni od strane sudova i time neformalni izvor prava koji se primjenjuje u praksi. Pravna načela koja se primjenjuju u praksi sudova u RH možemo sa stajališta njihove primjene u praksi primarno podijeliti na opća i posebna pravna načela. Kriterij za takvu podjelu je da li se neko pravno načelo može primijeniti u svim ili većini sudskih postupaka ili samo u određenim vrstama postupaka i sporova. Pravna načela u praksi VSRH primjenjuju se većinom dopunski uz određenu pravnu normu koja se primjenjuje u konkretnom sporu, a rjeđe se primjenjuje direktno i isključivo bez navođenja pravne norme, posebno u slučaju pravnih praznina. Kao izvori općih pravnih načela koja se primjenjuju u odlukama VSRH navode se međunarodni ugovori (Konvencija) i Ustav RH te praksa Ustavnog suda RH i ESLJP, a kod posebnih pravnih načela navode se posebni zakoni koji propisuju konkretno pravno načelo. Primjena pravnih načela u odlukama VSRH je prisutna, ali se može zaključiti da je ta primjena još uvijek prije iznimka nego pravilo. Smatram da će ubuduće primjena pravnih načela u odlukama VSRH biti učestalija zbog primjene EU prava i pod utjecajem Ustavnog suda RH i ESLJP.

Patient Position in the Republic of Serbia: Public Law Mechanisms and their Protection

Pozicija pacijenata u Republici Srbiji: javnopravni mehanizmi i njihova zaštita

Author(s): Hajrija Mujović / Language(s): Serbian

Keywords: Public law; constitution; legislation; healthcare; patient; position; Republic of Serbia; protection;

In Serbia, the right to health care is proclaimed and guaranteed by the Constitution and this right should be understood as immaterial subjective right, which occurs at birth and ends with death of each person. On the basis of this right a citizen may request a specific acting in the interest of its health by authorized carriers of health activities which are numerous and obligate to the scope of its activities, provide medical assistance. In theory is pointed out that the patient has an abstract right on protection of health care, which may be converted into its subjective rights only if it enters into concrete relationships with physicians and medical institutions. Also, a general obligation of medical institutions that provide health care that can only be concretized through appropriate legal relationship with it.

Rationale of the proposal of the High Judicial and Prosecutorial Council of BiH to amend the Law on HJPC BiH

Obrazloženje prijedloga Visokog sudskog i tužilačkog vijeća BiH za izmjene Zakona o VSTV-u BiH

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: HJPC law; BiH; suggestion; rationale; VSTV; HCPJ; changes; amendment;

Aktivnosti Visokog sudskog i tužilačkog vijeća BiH (u daljem tekstu: Vijeće ili VSTV BiH) na pripremi prijedloga izmjena i dopuna Zakona o VSTV-u započete su osnivanjem Radne grupe za pripremu prijedloga izmjena Zakona o VSTV-u koja je, u periodu novembar 2010. - mart 2012. godine, održala više sastanaka na kojima su razmatrana ključna pitanja i definisani odgovarajući stavovi i prijedlozi izmjena postojećeg okvira u kojem funkcioniše VSTV BiH.

The role and importance of the Latin type of notaries in the field of property rights in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Uloga i značaj latinskog tipa notarijata u oblasti stvarnih prava u Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): Merdžana Škaljić / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: Public law; civil law; constitution; notary; latin type; jurisdiction; role; importance; mortgage; property rights; BiH; RS; law on notaries;

In Bosnia and Herzegovina there is a need to develop notary services as public services. However, public authorities, by implementing standards of the European Union in the area of reforms, passed the Law on Notaries, but did not follow all the problems of the application of these laws. If the intention of the legislator was to extend the jurisdiction of the notary office on certain court's responsibilities, especially in the area of preparation and verification of contracts as legal affairs based on which the title to real estate is to be transferred, as well as agreement on lifelong care, notary probate etc., it was necessary to amend the Law on Notaries provision of these jurisdictions, as well as the nature of such documents (private of public, in whole or in part, legal protection, etc.). Since that was not done, there is a multitude of interpretations as well as conflicts of laws in the application of the law. Therefore, it is necessary to amend the laws on notaries by specific provisions in relation to contracts. It is very important to harmonize the laws on notaries with other substantive and procedural acts regulating areas that give notaries authority or jurisdiction. Concerning contracts, it was done by the Law of Property Rights in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina that cannot be applied to the already started procedures, and in Republika Srpska it would be desirable to amend the Law on Property Rights but also to amend the Law on Notaries.

Realization of social rights in BiH: inequality of citizens

Ostvarivanje socijalnih prava u BiH: nejednakost građana

Author(s): Nikolina Obradović / Language(s): Croatian

Keywords: Public law; constitution; social protection; social rights; people with disabilities; disability protection; disability insurance; human rights; BiH; FBiH; RS;

The article analyzes the issue of achieving social rights in Bosnia and Herzegovina through the amount of cash benefits for people with disabilities in accordance with Entity regulations on social security, veteran - disability protection, protection of civilian victims of war, and pension and disability insurance. In fact, despite the constitutional provisions on guaranteeing social rights and prohibition of discrimination, and international commitments of the state and all levels of governments, which have become valid upon entry into force of the UN Convention on the Rights of disabled persons, and other international legal documents pertaining to insure social rights in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the most vivid example of inequality is visible in the treatment of persons with disabilities by the government. This inequality is reflected in set conditions and the amount of cash benefits, as well as other rights guaranteed which is done in accordance with cause of disability, but should be done according to estimate of needs of persons with disabilities (regardless of the cause of the disability) for more effective inclusion in society.

Supreme Court of BiH - between politics and law

Vrhovni sud BiH – između politike i prava

Author(s): Branko Perić / Language(s): Croatian

Keywords: Public law; constitution; Constitutional court; Supreme Court; necessity; BiH; politics; law; jurisdiction; government; entities;

According to the Dayton Agreement the regular judiciary in BiH is within the jurisdiction of theEntities. Entity judicial systems are autonomous and conceptually well-rounded. The state levelhas an effective functioning judicial system designed in a form of a Prosecutor's Office and theCourt of BiH. It is not clear what jurisdiction could the Supreme Court in BiH have within theexisting concept.This concept of a state judicial system lacks an independent Appellate Court and that can beconsidered the most serious problem of the judicial system today. Possible jurisprudenceproblems in the current system are dealt with through joint sessions held by the Supreme Courtsof the Entities and Brčko District Appellate Court.Establishment of the Supreme Court would require a completely new configuration ofjurisdiction. This would involve redesigning the organizational and other laws at all levels and anew round of comprehensive judicial sector reforms.The judicial system is currently in cycle of reform undertaken in accordance with the existingconcept. A new reform cycle could affect the effectiveness of that reform. At this point it couldthreaten the achieved efficiency level.The system that underwent reform needs to be stabilized through patient harmonization of entitylaws and building of the best professional and ethical standards in order to create goodconditions for a new reform.

Opinion of the Venetian Commission on Legal Security and Justice Independence in BiH - an overview

Mišljenje Venecijanske komisije o pravnoj sigurnosti i nezavisnosti pravosuđa u BiH - prikaz

Author(s): Adrijana Hanušić / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: Public law; constitution; Constitutional court; judiciary; independence; legal security; overview; Venetian Commission;

Venecijanska Komisija se na kraju ovog Mišljenja stavila na raspolaganje Evropskoj komisiji i institucijama u BiH za dalju podršku koju bi eventualno trebali. Primarni zadatak Venecijanske komisije, koja ima status savjetodavnog tijela Vijeća Evrope o ustavnim pitanjima, jeste pomoć i savjetovanje pojedinih država o tim pitanjima s ciljem poboljšanja funkcionisanja demokratskih institucija, poštivanja vladavine prava i zaštite ljudskih prava. Značaj nalaza i zaključaka iz ovog Mišljenja je već vidljiv iz preporuka koje je Evropska komisija formulisala povodom Trećeg sastanka Strukturiranog dijaloga s BiH, održanog u julu 2012. u Mostaru, koje se značajnim dijelom naslanjaju i referiraju na ovo Mišljenje. Pored toga, Evropska komisija u zaključnim razmatranjima o onome što treba uslijediti nakon tog sastanka hvali rad Venecijanske komisije koji je doveo do usvajanja ovog Mišljenja i „očekuje od svih nadležnih organa da razmotre detaljnu stručnu ocjenu pruženu o nekoliko ključnih područja diljem Mišljenja“. Preporuke u ovom prikazu predstavljenog Mišljenja o pravnoj sigurnosti i nezavisnosti pravosuđa u Bosni i Hercegovini će stoga igrati bitnu ulogu u daljem procesu reforme pravosuđa koji očekuje Bosnu i Hercegovinu.

Analysis of the Proposal on Sejdić-Finci Verdict

Analiza prijedloga povodom presude Sejdić-Finci

Author(s): Adi Džamalija / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: Public law; ethnic minorities; judiciary; Sejdić-Finci; verdict; proposal ; analysis;

Parlamentarna skupština Bosne i Hercegovine je osnovala Privremenu zajedničku komisiju oba doma za provođenje presude Evropskog suda za ljudska prava u Strazburu u predmetu Sejdić i Finci protiv BiH, koja se sastoji od 13 članova. Komisija je počela sa radom 13. oktobra 2011. godine.

Are the functions of the Head of the State and the President of the political party incompatible? - Constitutional position of the President of the Republic of Serbia

Da li su inkompatibilne funkcije šefa države i predsednika političke stranke – ustavnopravni položaj predsednika Republike Srbije?

Author(s): Dejan A. Milić / Language(s): Serbian

Keywords: Head of the State; President of the political party; Constitutional position of the President; Republic of Serbia; governance functions;

Government authority in contemporary parliamentary democracies is based on the principle of the division of power, which ensures that none of the three branches of authority extend beyond the constitutionally established barriers, at the expense of other branches of authority. Such a functioning of government authority is ensured by the mechanism which is referred to as ‘brakes and equilibrium’, with the help of which the legislative, executive and judicial powers are controlled and limited by one another. One constitutional brake is the institution of incompatibility of state functions with other public functions and professional activities. Due to the central position in the system of state authority, the position of the head of state is particularly significant. The achieved constitutional standard is the absolute incompatibility of the function of the head of state with other public functions and professional activities. This protects not only the principle of dividing the authority, but also the integrity of the bearer of the function. The great attention of the comparative constitutional theory is drawn to the incompatibility of the head of state and the head of the political party. In theory, one attitude prevails that the head of state should be banned to exercise the function of the head of the party by constitution, so as not to jeopardize the position of the parliament and the government. The starting point of this work is that being the head of state and the head of the political party at the same time, by itself, does not pose a threat to the division of authority, if the constitution is respected.

Constitutional Complaint – Rejection or Decision in Merits – Undefined Division Lines with few Border Stones

Ustavna žalba – odbacivanje ili meritorno odlučivanje – nedefinisana granica sa nekoliko međaša

Author(s): Tamás Korhecz / Language(s): Serbian

Keywords: Constitution; Constitutional Court of Serbia; constitutional complains; public law;

The basic and original competence of constitutional courts is judicial review of the constitutionality of statutes, other legislative acts and regulations. However, majority of constitutional courts has further competences such as resolving conflict of jurisdiction between various authorities, electoral litigations, prohibition of political and other organizations, individual constitutional appeals (complains) etc. The constitutional appeal was introduced into the constitutional law of Serbia, relatively recently with the Constitution of Serbia from 2006. Article 170 of the Constitution stipulates: “A constitutional appeal may be lodged against individual general acts or actions performed by state bodies or organisations exercising delegated public powers which violate or deny human or minority rights and freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution, if other legal remedies for their protection have already been applied or not provided.” In present constitutional framework the Constitutional Court of Serbia functions since the end of year 2007. In the last decade the bulk of the Constitutional Court’s administrative, professional and intellectual capacities was mobilized to cope with and resolve constitutional appeals of citizens. In recent years the Constitutional Court of Serbia receives more than ten thousand new constitutional complains yearly, while the overall sum of cases in all other areas of competence is much under one thousand. In practice, the constitutional appeal is directly or indirectly a mean for controlling the constitutionality (and sometimes legality) of court decisions. With some exceptions, constitutional appeals are used directly or indirectly against decisions of law courts (actually sometimes against administrative acts, acts of local authorities but only after they were controlled in judicial review by law courts). One can raise a question, where to draw the division line between illegality against which one can use constitutional appeal before the Constitutional Court and those where this protection is not available. In this paper the jurisprudence of the Serbian Constitutional Court will be analyzed with special emphases on this division line. Which individual authoritative legal acts of authorities fell out the constitutional appeal protection? Author calls for the creation of more visible and sustainible criterias for the admission of constitutional complains in the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court.

Bar exam: Relic which exists

Pravosudni ispit: relikt koji odolijeva

Author(s): Branko Perić / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: BiH; Bar exam; education; judicial schools; judiciary; reforms;

The author addresses the objectives and historical achievements of the bar exam concept, simultaneously considering two legislative texts (from the years 1986 and 2011), with critical reviews of the scant and inconsistent legal provisions. The author places a special focus on the composition and operation of bar exam commissions, showing the way in which current practice has evolved to the point of self-destruction. In the second part, the author discusses possible directions of development of the idea to introduce a plan and program of training in the most complex legal affairs and verification of the acquired knowledge and skills, advocating the consideration of a model of educative processes in the form of judicial schools, according to specifically designed programs, which will enable the acquisition of practical knowledge and skills that are necessary for the most complex legal affairs.

Parties to a Conflict Involved in a Conflict of Interest: Bosnia and Herzegovina 25 Years after Dayton

Sukobljene strane u sukobu interesa: Bosna i Hercegovina 25 godina nakon Daytona

Author(s): Damir Arnaut / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: BiH; Dayton agreements; postwar period; peace and conflict; conflict of interest;

Bosnia and Herzegovina was among the first countries in the Western Balkans region to have a law on the conflict of interest. This was not, however, due to an effort of domestic political forces, but the Law was instead imposed in 2002 by the High Representative, an international overseer with wide powers under the Dayton Peace Accords. The Law contained definitions and enforcement mechanisms modeled after the best practices in democratic societies, and included a wide array of public officials and their immediate relatives. The proscribed sanctions, however, were unduly severe, requiring in most cases that offending officials be barred from public office for a period of four years. The Law, nonetheless was successful in curbing conflict of interest in the country, and was significantly improved with several subsequent amendments. In 2013, however, the Law was substantially weakened, with enforcement powers transferred from the independent Central Election Commission to a Committee largely composed of elected officials. These changes resulted in a conflict of interest process completely controlled by political parties, subject to frequent and lasting blockades, and completely dormant in periods between elections. Indeed, the new body delivered only ten sanctions in the six years of its existence. This has created a need – voiced by Western governments, various NGO's, and several like-minded elected officials – for a completely new law on the conflict of interest. Such a Draft Law was introduced in the Bosnia and Herzegovina Parliamentary Assembly toward the end of 2017. Due to various procedural delay and blockade mechanisms invoked by the ruling parties, the Draft Law is yet to be considered by the BiH Parliament. Until this or a similar law is adopted, creating a truly independent enforcement body, Bosnia and Herzegovina is unlikely to make meaningful strides on the road to the European Union membership.

Education of Lawyers for the Judicial / Prosecutorial Function in BiH: Comparison with the Model of the Judicial Academy in the Republic of Serbia

Obrazovanje pravnika za sudijsku/tužilačku funkciju u BiH: uporedba sa modelom Pravosudne akademije u Republici Srbiji

Author(s): Dragoslav Erdelić / Language(s): Serbian

Obrazovanje pravnika za sudijsku i tužilačku funkciju u Bosni i Hercegovini bi se u najkraćem moglo svesti na nekoliko faza i to: završetak pravnog fakulteta, obavljanje pripravničkog staža u sudu ili tužilaštvu, polaganje pravosudnog ispita, rad na poziciji stručnog saradnika u sudu ili tužilaštvu, odnosno sticanje radnog iskustva za imenovanje na poziciju sudije ili tužioca. Samo obrazovanje pravnika za sudijsku/tužilačku funkciju u Bosni i Hercegovini nije regulisano posebnim zakonom. Pravnici u Bosni i Hercegovini se obrazuju u skladu sa zakonima o visokom obrazovanju, a tek nakon položenog pravosudnog ispita i stečenog propisanog radnog staža na poslovima pravnika, stiču uslove za obavljanje sudijske/tužilačke funkcije.

Legal Protection in the Relationship Between the Federation and the States in Germany

Pravna zaštita u odnosu između države i saveznih zemalja

Author(s): Stefan Haack / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: Germany; relationship between Federation and States; justiciability; constitutional and general courts;

This article investigates the justiciability of the relationship between the Federation and the States within the federal system in Germany. Firstly, it will be discussed if it is possible to refer to subjective rights of the involved parties regarding the competences in the federal State. Moreover, the question about the existence of a legal basis („if“) and the question about the control of limits of the exercise of powers („how“) will be distinguished. Furthermore, the possibilities of a legal enforcement of rights and obligations resulting from the relationship between the Federation and the States will be examined in some selected fields. The selected fields include disputes about legislative authority, jurisdiction for administration, budgetary constitutional law, disputes resulting from contracts between the Federation and the States and about the use of coercive action. The main emphasis has been put on the distinction between the legal protection in constitutional and general courts. The overall presentation of legal protection in the relationship between the Federation and the States shows that this relationship forms justiciable relations under the German Basic Law. Accordingly, the German federalism is rightly called „justiciable federalism“.

Application of the International Law in Constitutional Complaint Procedure before the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Serbia

Primena međunarodnog prava u postupcima po ustavnoj žalbi Ustavnog suda Republike Srbije

Author(s): Tijana Šurlan / Language(s): Serbian

Keywords: Serbia; Constitution; Constitutional Court; international law; human rights;

The position of the International Law in the national legal system is defined in the Constitution of the Republic of Serbia (Article 16). International law forms the integral part of the national legal system and it is directly applicable. In addition to the general definition of the position of the International Law, the significance and place of international legal acts in the field of human rights protection is additionally defined. The determination of human rights is grounded on the provisions of the Constitution, International Law and law to a certain extent (Article 18). The interpretation of human rights needs to be further aligned with the standards and practices of international institutions that monitor the implementation of human rights. The normative framework for the application of the International Law in proceedings before the Constitutional Court has therefore been created and it is the Court prerogative to implement it. The paper cites the Constitutional Courts jurisprudence in two categories of cases: cases whose normative framework inevitably had to introduce international legal acts and cases where it was not necessary but it was appropriate. For the purpose of comparing and presenting methods of application of the International Law in the European Court of Human Rights jurisprudence has been used. Cases that were considered treated the same rights, as the cases of the Constitutional Court which were analysed as illustration - the human right of asylum, prohibition of torture and the rights of the child. The overall conclusion is that the Constitutional Court rarely applies international law in its constitutional complaint procedure. The provisions of the Constitution do not create obligation to apply international law, but create international law as an integral part of the legal system, with the instruction to implement standards and case-law of international institutions protecting the human rights. International Law, rich in legal acts protecting human rights, as well as the experience of the international institution, form great amount of helpful tools for further development of the protection of human rights and thus it should be used in the procedures before the Constitutional Court.

Management of Public Companies and Institutions: An Old Practice or a Turning Point

Upravljanje javnim preduzećima i ustanovama: stara praksa ili zaokret

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: public companies; management; public institutions; participation invitation;

Organiziranje ovog skupa motivirano je formiranjem koalicione većine u Kantonu Sarajevo koja je najavila i pokrenula imenovanje novih rukovodstava i novih upravnih struktura javnih preduzeća i ustanova. S obzirom da će novoimenovano rukovodstvo raditi u istom zakonskom okviru kao i smijenjene upravljačke strukture postavilo se pitanje grešaka u dosadašnjem upravljanju javnim preduzećima i ustanovama i kako postaviti nove smjernice za rad upravljačkih struktura da bi se poslovanje javnih preduzeća približilo međunarodnim standardima. Na skupu će se predstaviti ključne karakteristike ranije prakse upravljanja javnim preduzećima i ustanovama i pokrenuće se dijalog o mogućim i očekivanim promjenama u praksi. Cilj skupa je utvrđivanje pravila i kriterija prema kojima se novoimenovane upravljačke strukture moraju orijentirati kako bi poslovanje javnih preduzeća učinilo odgovornim i efikasnim.

Constitutional Appeal in the Republic of Serbia - Scopes and Limitations

Ustavna žalba u Republici Srbiji - dometi i ograničenja

Author(s): Edin Šarčević / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: Serbia; Constitution; Constitutional Court; appeal; scopes and limitations;

Fondacija Centar za javno pravo (FCJP) se zahvaljuje Društvu sudija Srbije za saradnju u organizaciji ovog skupa, posebno za aktivno učešće sudija i problematizovanje odnosa između Ustavnog suda i redovnih sudova. FCJP se zahvaljuje ekspertima za kompetentno i sažetopredstavljanje relevantnih aspekata, a diskutantima za konstruktivnu diskusiju koja je ukazala na probleme iz prakse i puteve njihovog rješavanja.