Montenegro And Foreign Cultural Policy Of Russia In Second Half Of 19th And Beginning Of 20th Century

Др Сенка Бабовић-Распоповић, Црна Гора и спољна културна политика Русије у другој половини 19. и почетком 20.вијека

Author(s): Senka Babović-Raspopović / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 1-2/2009

Keywords: Russia; Montenegro; foreign politics; cultural ties; cultural communication

The cultural ties between Russie and Montenegro, given in the chronological framework, are laying in the foundation of theme “Montenegro and the cultural foreign policy of Russia in the se cond half of XIX and the beginning of XX cen tury”. The range and the character of the cultural bonds between Montenegro and Russia in mentioned period have been largely determined by two factors: the Russian Bal kan’s policy after Paris’ peace treaty, as well as the cultural-historical soil of Montenegro.

The Cult Of Saint Clare In Medieval Town Of Kotor (14-16 Century)

Култ Свете Кларе у Котору (XIV – XVI век)

Author(s): Valentina Živković / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 1-2/2009

Keywords: St. Clara; Kotor; cult; Second Franciscian religious order; cathedral of Saint Tryphon

In medieval town of Kotor, written sources and fine arts bears testimony to the acceptance and development of the cult of saint Clare, founder of the Second Franciscian religious order assigned to women. The earliest mention of the Saint Clare monastery (Monasterii poncellarum, sive Sanctae Clarae de Catharo) on the territory of Kotor`s municipality is found in a law decree that is concerned with the election of mona stery`s procurators, that was issued during the service of bishop Raymundus Agouti (1331-1334).

The Balkan Wars, 1912-1913, An Austrian-Hungarian Perspective

The Balkan Wars, 1912-1913, An Austrian-Hungarian Perspective

Author(s): Karl Kaser / Language(s): English / Issue: 1-2/2009

Keywords: Austrian – Hungarian Empire; Balkan Wars; Serbia; Bulgaria; Thessalonica; Albania

The paper deals with the position, intentions and perspectives of Austrian – Hungarian Empire at the end of XIX and the be ginning of XX cen tury. In order to maintain its status of the Great Power, it sought the area for expansion in the Balkan, as the only direction possible. On the other side, the growing power of the newly for med Balkan states, predominantly Ser bia, presented an obstacle to its pretensions on Thessalonica, which was tried to overcome by creation of independent Albanian state under decisive influence of Wienna...

The Beginnings Of The Political Propaganda – From Ancient Times To The Propaganda During Enlightened Absolutism

Зачетак политичке пропаганде – од старовјековне до пропаганде у доба просвијећеног апсолутизма

Author(s): Radenko Šćekić / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 1-2/2009

Keywords: state; propaganda; ideology; legitimacy; religion; absolutism; public opinion

Since the old-age actors of civil and political occurrences, there has been an open tendency to affect on attitudes and behavior of other individuals and social groups with the various processes, thereby confirming the existence of the essentia lelements of modern definitions of propaganda, as designed, planned managed and organized activity.

The Historian of European Culture

Историчар европске културе

Author(s): Miomir Dašić / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 1-2/2009

Keywords: Andrija Lainović

Ideological Aspects Of Arengas, Oaths And Sanctions In Bosnian Medieval Documents

Идеолошки аспекти аренги, заклетви и санкција у средњовјековним босанским исправама

Author(s): Goran Behmen / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 1-2/2009

Keywords: arenga; oath; sanction; Middle Age; Bosna; Tvrtko I Kotromanic

Arengas, oaths and sanctions in medieval documents present not only formal parts of documents, they also, through its theological intonation, reflect Christian ideological concept of European medieval society. Arengas, which appear in documents of Bosnian Middle Ages since the time of coronation of Tvrtko I Kotromanic, testify about the acceptance of sovereign – potentate, whose authority comes from the Christ himself and who is given the legitimacy only by the divine authority. Arengas of the Bosnian kings were written under the strong influence of Raska charters and, as in the case of Tvrtko I Kotromanic, correspond to authority being elicited from the family ties with Nemanjic family. The oaths in the documents, both by the governing dynasty of Kotromanic, and by other major noblemen families (Kosaca, Pavlovic, Hrvatinic) mention Holly Gospel, Honourable Cross of Christ, evangelists and apostles, while sanctions contain poena spiritualis with the threat of curse in the spirit of Christian theological concept.

The Earliest Border Determination Between Montenegro And Hercegovina

Најраније разграничење Црне Горе и Херцеговине

Author(s): Milovan Šćepanović / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 1-2/2009

Keywords: Border determination; Montenegro; Hercegovina; Petar II Petrović Njegoš

This paper deals with the earliest forms of marking the borders of Montenegro’s territory during the reign of Petar II Petrović Njegoš, and the existence of Montenegro in factice, but not in formal sense of in ternational law. That’s why the re was used an opportunity to, besides emphasizing mentioned question, chronologically show the development of events in this area even in the later periods of history of Montenegro

Hum And Zahumljani In 33rd Chapter Of Script De Administrando Imperio

Хум и Захумљани у 33. глави списа De administrando imperio

Author(s): Bojan Novaković / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 1-2/2009

Keywords: Hum; Zahumlje; Constantin VII Porphyrogenitus; De Administrando Imperio; early medieval history; etymology; ubication

While the 33rd chapter of the De administrando imperio contains the description of the early medieval county of Zahumlje, there are many unclear places in side. According to our opinion they mostly origin from the praxis of Constantin VII Porphyrogenitus to make conclusions based on his logical judgment and, mostly, dubious etymological constructions obtained trough his in formers and own observations.

Historically Unique, Unfinished in Detail – An Evaluation of the Constitution

Historically Unique, Unfinished in Detail – An Evaluation of the Constitution

Author(s): Janis A. Emmanouilidis / Language(s): English / Issue: 01-03/2004

Europe has a Constitution. Almost a year after the end of the deliberations in the European Convention, and following a failed first attempt to adopt the Constitution in December 2003 the European Heads of State and Government agreed on a new constitutional foundation for the enlarged European Union on June 18, 2004. The current Treaties together with the European Charter of Fundamental Rights are brought together into a single text including four parts and approximately 460 articles. Thus, the European Union, for the first time in its history, now has a Constitution laid down in a single document. Although this is by no means the end of history, and although a common constitutional identity must still be forged in Europe, the agreement reached in Brussels is a historic caesura in the European integration process. The Constitution brings the European Union to a higher level of integration and ties the member states together more closely. Beyond its historic importance, the question remains of what concrete progress the “Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe” actually entails. In general, partisan bargaining behind closed doors, which came to dominate the final stages of the Intergovernmental Conference, had a price. In several points, the compromise that emerged from the negotiations is inferior to the draft proposed by the European Convention in July 2003. Nevertheless, the final result does revise the most important problems present in the Treaty of Nice, and it is significantly more promising than what would have been achieved with the usual procedure of an Intergovernmental Conference without a Convention.

The Treaty of Nice – A Deadlock for Europe?

Mit Nizza am Abgrund?

Author(s): Almut Metz,Thomas Fischer / Language(s): German / Issue: 01-03/2004

Historically Unique, Unfinished in Detail – An Evaluation of the Constitution

Historisch einzigartig, im Detail unvollendet – eine Bilanz der Europäischen Verfassung

Author(s): Janis A. Emmanouilidis / Language(s): German / Issue: 01-03/2004

Europa hat eine Verfassung. Fast ein Jahr nach dem Ende der Beratungen im Europäischen Verfassungskonvent und nach einem gescheiterten Anlauf zur Verabschiedung der Verfassung im Dezember 2003 haben sich die Staats- und Regierungschefs am 18. Juni 2004 auf das konstitutionelle Fundament für das große Europa geeinigt. Die bisherigen Verträge werden gemeinsam mit der europäischen Grundrechtecharta in einem in sich geschlossenen Text mit vier Teilen und insgesamt ca. 460 Artikeln zusammengeführt. Damit verfügt die Europäische Union (EU) zum ersten Mal in ihrer Geschichte über eine in einem einzigen Dokument niedergelegte Verfassung. Obwohl damit das Ende der Geschichte noch nicht geschrieben ist und sich in Europa eine gemeinsame Verfassungsidentität seiner Bürger noch ausbilden muss, bedeutet die in Brüssel erzielte Einigung eine historische Zäsur in der Integrationsgeschichte – die Verfassung hebt die Europäische Union auf ein höheres Integrationsniveau und bindet die Mitgliedstaaten noch enger zusammen. Jenseits der geschichtlichen Tragweite stellt sich jedoch die Frage, welche konkreten Fortschritte der „Vertrag über eine Verfassung für Europa“ bringt. Insgesamt hat das machtpolitische Schachern der Mitgliedstaaten hinter verschlossenen Türen, das zum Abschluss der Regierungskonferenz wieder die Oberhand gewonnen hat, seinen Preis. Der erzielte Verhandlungskompromiss bleibt in einigen Punkten hinter den Vorschlägen des Europäischen Konvents vom Juni 2003 zurück. Dennoch revidiert das finale Ergebnis die größten Fehlentwicklungen des Vertrags von Nizza und ist weitaus viel versprechender als das, was im bislang üblichen Verfahren einer Regierungskonferenz ohne Konvent hätte erreicht werden können.

Laboratory for Integration - Opportunities and Risks of the “Open Method of Coordination”

Laboratory for Integration - Opportunities and Risks of the “Open Method of Coordination”

Author(s): Claus Giering,Almut Metz / Language(s): German / Issue: 01-03/2004

Laboratory for Integration - Opportunities and Risks of the “Open Method of Coordination”

Versuchslabor der Integration - Chancen und Risiken der „offenen Methode der Koordinierung“

Author(s): Claus Giering,Almut Metz / Language(s): German / Issue: 01-03/2004

The Treaty of Nice – A Deadlock for Europe?

The Treaty of Nice – A Deadlock for Europe?

Author(s): Almut Metz,Thomas Fischer / Language(s): English / Issue: 01-03/2004

THE ECOLOGIC BALANCE IN THE EQUATION OF THE DURABLE DEVELOPMENT

THE ECOLOGIC BALANCE IN THE EQUATION OF THE DURABLE DEVELOPMENT

Author(s): Amelia Boncea,Cecilia-Irina Răbonţu / Language(s): English / Issue: 08/2007

Keywords: development equation; protection of the medium; economic; human, environmental and technological; durable development; pollutant; antipollutante industry.

In the pure ethnic and economic logic of the development, like it was in general create till not long ago, the environment medium and the natural resources have been considered simple instruments which served to the economic increase. The negligence of the cost of the degrade and the damage brought to the medium and to the human health generated costs which had to and still have to be supported by the whole society, which is threatened by the worsening of the ecologic perils.

CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICIT ANALYSIS. THE PATTERN BASED ON ADJUSTING COST OF INVESTMENTS

CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICIT ANALYSIS. THE PATTERN BASED ON ADJUSTING COST OF INVESTMENTS

Author(s): Marian Ilie Siminica,Daniel Carciumaru,Radu Criveanu / Language(s): English / Issue: 08/2007

Keywords: current account deficit; commercial balance; income balance; models, investment adjustment cost.

The present paper deals with the issue of current account deficit, trying to offer a series of answers to the debates regarding its recent evolution in Romania. In the former part it is presented the level of current account deficit and the evolution of its main components within the period 2001-2005. The latter part tries to quantify the main factors that may influence and affects the level of current account deficit, using a pattern based on adjusting investments cost.

LINKS BETWEEN MACROECONOMIC KEY VARIABLES AND EMPLOYMENT LEVELS IN ROMANIA

LINKS BETWEEN MACROECONOMIC KEY VARIABLES AND EMPLOYMENT LEVELS IN ROMANIA

Author(s): Mimi Petrisan,Claudiu George Bocean / Language(s): English / Issue: 08/2007

Keywords: macroeconomic policies; employment; economic growth.

This paper investigates the presence of a causal relationship between employment levels and key macroeconomic variables in Romania during the period 1990–2005. It shows how macroeconomic policies may be useful in achieving high employment levels, as well as how it might generate adverse outcomes. Starting from a macroeconomic model of labour market I present the effects of the macroeconomic policy measures to the labour market. I think that a low unemployment rate and rapid productivity growth are the hallmarks of a successful economy and thus top priorities of economic policy.

PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT - THE BALANCED SCORECARD PERSPECTIVE

PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT - THE BALANCED SCORECARD PERSPECTIVE

Author(s): Oana Adriana Gică,Ovidiu Ioan Moisescu / Language(s): English / Issue: 08/2007

Keywords: performance measurement; Balanced Scorecard.

The transition from the industrial to the informational age sets new rules of competition. The competitive success is based more and more on the intangible assets like skills, systems and values. Companies are finding that performance measurement systems that worked in the past are not effective in this new context. There is a need for performance measurement systems linked to the strategy that combines financial indicators of the past performance with the drivers of future success. The Balanced Scorecard translates a firm’s strategy in a comprehensive set of performance measures in four perspectives: financial, customer, internal processes, learning and growth.

AN ANALYSIS OF THE BRAND LOYALTY BASED CONSUMER TYPOLOGY

AN ANALYSIS OF THE BRAND LOYALTY BASED CONSUMER TYPOLOGY

Author(s): Ovidiu Ioan Moisescu / Language(s): English / Issue: 08/2007

Keywords: brand equity; brand loyalty; loyalty degree; brand strategy.

Authors: Ovidiu Ioan Moisescu, Oana Adriana Gica Even though the number of brands has strongly increased in recent years, only a few managed to endow themselves with significant brand loyalty. Besides the actual proprietary brand assets, such as patents and trademarks, other major elements like brand loyalty, perceived quality, brand associations, and others, underlie brand equity. A successful brand strategy must be based on creating brand loyalty. For achieving this goal consumers must be classified on a loyalty basis, while marketing strategies and mixes must be shaped accordingly.

WHAT MOTIVATES EMPLOYEES OF BANKING SYSTEM

WHAT MOTIVATES EMPLOYEES OF BANKING SYSTEM

Author(s): Jenica Popescu / Language(s): English / Issue: 08/2007

Keywords: motivation; behavior; job performance; management; needs; surveys, appreciation; productivity; expectancy.

The relationship between people and their work has long attracted psychologists, behavioral scientists and, also, economic scientists. Early management theories suggested using financial compensation to impel motivation and job performance. The past two decades have seen tremendous growth in the use of goal setting and management by objectives programmers. More recently, cybernetic control, resource allocation, and social-cognitive theories have been used to examine more closely how particular attributes of a goal, a person and a situation influence goal striving and performance.