Részleteiben követtük a magyar zsidók történetét a március előtti és utáni időszakban a voltaképpeni forradalom kitöréséig. Ennek kezdetétől a befejező aktusig, ahol is a zsidó ismét kiemelkedő szerepet játszott, a részletek helyett csupán általánosságokra szorítkoztunk. A magyar zsidó ugyanis nem il forradalomban magában, hanem csupán annak elő- és utójátékában játszott különleges szerepet.
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A lengyelországi Piotrkówból szüleivel 1842-ben Magyarországra költözött Heilprin Mihály az első névvel is ismert magyar zsidó költő. l Négyévi itteni tartózkodás után írja első versét magyarul Zsidó kördal címmel, majd a magyar forradalom első napjaiban a Nemzeti őrdalt, és rövidesen utána a Kadzához, ki magyar című mozgósító költeményt. Ő volt a ma már valóban fehér hollóként ritka Koztársasági dalak című forradalmi verseket tartalmazó kötetke szerzője 1849 tavaszán. Ugyancsak ő volt az első zsidó vallású magyar állami köztisztviselők egyike Szemere Bertalan minisztériumában. A szabadságharc bukása után ő is menekülni kénytelen. Miskolcra visszatérése után nemcsak 1847-ben alapított könyvkereskedését folytatja, de Szepirodalmi Könyvtár címmel könyvkiadói vállalkozásba is belefog, majd kölcsönkönyvtárral segíti e város kulturális fejlődését. Végül 1856-ban, elhagyva sátoraljaújhelyi iskolaigazgatói állását, az Egyesült Államokba emigrál, ahol komoly publicisztikai és irodalmi munkásságot fejt ki. Megőrizve ősei hitét megmaradt magyarnak is. Többen és elég sokat írtak róla.
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Ki tudja napjainkban - néhány tö,téné" szakembertől eltekintve -, kicsoda volt Horn Ede? Ki hallott a rabbinövendékről, aki az elsők között tartotta magát magyar zsidónak, kapcsolatban állott a márciusi ifjakkal, vezéregyénisége lett a hazai zsidók vallási reformjának és magyarosodási mozgalmának, 1848-ban főszerkesztője első hetilapjuknak, a Der ungaruche üraelitnek, tábori papja Klapka György komáromi várvédőinek? Ki emlékszik a publicista Hornra, aki emigrációjában megírta és Lipcsében, 1851-ben megjelentette Die Revolution und die Juden in Ungarn (A forradalom és a zsidók Magyarországon) cimű, német nyelvű publicisztikai remeklését, melyben 1848-1849-re és a zsidó sors hazai történeti alakulására tekintett vissza? Ki tartja szélesebb körben számon a külföldön, előbb Brüsszelben, majd Párizsban híressé vált közgazdasági írót, mellesleg a Kossuth-emigráció egyik sajtótitkárát, aki végül is a kiegyezés után mint országgyűlési képviselő és Tisza Kálmán kormányának kereskedelemügyi államtitkára fejezte be rövid, de munkában és hányattatásokban egyaránt gazdag életét? Jövőre lesz születésének 175, s halálának 125. évfordulója - a magyarságára és zsidóságára egyaránt büszke politikus-író megérdemli, hogy egykori szabadságharcos emlékezetét felelevenítse az utókor.
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Pzsonyban születtem, 1926-ban. Egy kis falucskában laktunk, Somorja és Dunaszerdahely között: Nagyszarvának hívták, abban az időben hatszáz lakosból álló település volt. Grófi birtok volt, a Pongrácz grófnak eredetileg lehetett olyan négyezer holdja, és valamije akkor is maradt, amikor a húszas években szlovákok kapták meg a földjét. Édesapám az egyiküktől ötszáz holdat bérelt, azon gazdálkodott. Terméstől termésig éltünk, vagy az adófoglaló jött; mindig történt valami. Ennek a munkának akkor lett vége, amikor a terület 1938- ban visszakerült Magyarországhoz, és Pongrácz gróf visszakapta a birtokát. Édesapám már nem gazdálkodhatott, ezért 1941-ben elköltöztünk Dunaszerdahelyre. Volt ott egy keményítőgyár, amiből később konzervgyár létesült, annak lett, mondjuk így, az igazgatója, lényegében a titkárnőjével csináltak mindent. A gyár lassanként felfejlődött; amikor megjöttünk a munkatáborból, akkor is oda ment vissza, és ott dolgozott, amíg 1950-ben szabotázs miatt le nem csukták, a vád szerint szándékosan gyártott rossz konzerveket. Három és fél évig volt börtönben, és a teljes rehabilitációjára a haláláig nem került sor.
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1849. július 21-én a pesti házfalakra egy újabb császári hirdetményt függesztettek ki. A lakosság az elmúlt napokban már hozzászokhatott ahhoz, hogy a nemrég bevonult cs. kir. katonák szemében pártállásra való tekintet nélkül lázadónak minősül, s hogy a katonai hatóságok még a lélegzetvételét is rendeletekkel szabályozzák. Az újabb hirdetmény azonban azt mutatta, hogy a cs. kir. fővezér, a magas termetű és szárnyas bajuszú Julius Jakob von Haynau cs. kir. táborszernagy az általánostól eljutott az egyediig, s az egész lakosságra vonatkozó fenyegetőzését immár csak a lakosság egyetlen csoportjára: az óbudai és pesti zsidó közösségre irányítja. A proklamáció szerint e közösség "ismételt gyalázatos és törvényellenes magaviseletet nemcsak általában, de különösen a lázadók nak törvényes Császár- és Királyuk ellen nyújtott kedvezmények által oly világosan tanúsított, miképp indítva érzem magamat azoknak ugyan megérdemlett büntetésükül, más községeknek pedig kellő óvatosságára, következő hadisarcot (requisitio) - katonai ruha- és más felszerelési neműkben egyenlő részletekben beszolgáltatandókban - kivettetni".
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A Könyvvásár igazgatója, Mr. Zeev Birger felkért, hogy szóljak egypár szót az izraeli irodalomról, amelynek tiszteletére a Jeruz;álemi Könyvvásár egy egész kiállítást rendezett. Nagyon szívesen vállaltam el a feladatot. Mivel azonban csak tíz perc áll rendelkezésemre, beszédemet három részre osztottam. Először, főleg külföldről érkezett vendégeink kedvéért az izraeli irodalom fontosságáról szeretnék néhány szót szólni az izraeli és a cionista kontextuson belül. A második részben megpróbálom megmagyarázni az izraeli irodalom sikerének titkát a világ könyvpiacán, harmadsorban pedig néhány tanácsot szeretnék adni a feljövéíben lévő izraeli íróknak, hogyan tarthatják meg ezt a sikert a jövéíben is.
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Keywords: actor; theater school; career; identity transformation; qualitative methods
The Monograph presents the issues of identity transformation in the institutional context, in relation to the students of the actors and their passage through a specific institution, which is a theater school. The author shows how the structural aspects of studying acting (the school itself, the people working there, producing climate and organizational culture of the place) are associated with subjective aspects, conditioning the production of a particular self-identification. The author wanted to capture experienced by students of the impact of institutions on their own lives and self-definition, and get a picture of their educational career.
More...Keywords: History of science, geometrical optics, motivation
Many researchers have shown that the history of science (HOS) in the field of geometrical optics (GO) has a positive effect on conceptual change. In their studies, they conclude that the HOS may increase the interest of students towards learning and therefore their motivation. Current research seeks to determine the effect of a sequence of instruction on the development of concepts OG, between antiquity and the 17th century on the learning motivation among students. The sample consisted of 60 students enrolled in the first university year SNV department (sciences of nature and life). We have divided them into two equal groups (experimental and control). A scale to measure motivation to learn OG (EMOG) was developed and standardised. An Analysis, pres-test and post-test was performed for the two groups. Encouraging results in terms of intrinsic motivation are favourable for the integration of the HOS in the course of the OG.
More...Keywords: e-learning, teacher continuing education, teachers’ perceptions, improvement of teacher training
Designing a continuing education program in e-learning system requires both pedagogical, and some organizational, logistical, technical and technological demands. Given the complexity of designing e-learning activities and the need to adapt it to the characteristics of the learners, we consider that any e-learning training experience is an opportunity to analyze the effectiveness of this model. The study herein aims to reveal the impact of an e-learning training program on a group of 159 Romanian teachers from kindergarten and primary school. We inferred, based on collected opinions, ways to optimize the continuing education programs of this type. To achieve these goals, a questionnaire was applied to teachers who participated in an e-learning program on ICT. Several aspects of the program were evaluated by subjects on a 6 points scale. One of the items asked the learners free answers on the possibilities to optimize the e-learning training programs. The analysis of the results indicates predominantly positive views of teachers with respect to the conduct of the e-learning program. However, beyond the benefits of online learning, teachers stated that they felt the need to communicate face to face with the tutors, at least once during the training. They also pointed out that it was important for the content to be clear, accessible, with more instructional information, and to avoid the tendency to theorize. Based on the teachers’ perceptions about their online training experience, we observed two directions that should be kept in mind to improve e-learning programs: the design of learning content according to the e-learning principles and the diversification of communication networks.
More...Keywords: curriculum, pre-school education, teaching contents, values, value orientations
In the Romanian pre-school education system, the contents proposed for teaching are specified in the curricular documents that regulate the formative activity. Periodically restructured and resized, these contents are listed today in the document (in force since 2008) known as the Curriculum for the early education of children aged three to six/seven (Curriculumul pentru educaţia timpurie a copiilor de la 3 la 6/7 ani). In Romanian kindergartens, the above-mentioned regulating reference suggests a radical change of view of the contents offered to pre-schoolers, as well as of the goals, the manner of conception and the actual realisation of all the pre-school activities, in accordance with the most recent trends in early education policies in many countries of the world, and the explicit subscription to the curricular perspective on training. The present study contains the results of an analysis of the Curriculum for the early education of children aged three to six/seven (2008) in Romania; the research is of a qualitative type and is based on the assessment of the afore-mentioned document from the perspective of several value categories: moral, civic, esthetic, scientific, and others. The collected data lead to several conclusions regarding structured value orientations, the worth of the regulating reference considered (as compared to some earlier versions) and the trends in structuring educational policy instruments for pre-school level.
More...Keywords: school director’s status, competence-based education, learning organization, knowledge development, self organization
At the moment, being a school director in Romania means a temporary school running position which any teacher from the school can possess and lose after a period of a 4-year mandate. More often, the uncertainty stemming from the ambigous legal framework discourages the teachers in choosing to become school directors or the complex managerial tasks make the school director’s position not so attractive. In order to become a profession, the legal framework of the education system in our country should be adjusted especially concerning the official recognition on the labour market of this managerial position in education. An important step forward has been made by the organization at national level of the managerial training courses for school directors in order to set clear competence standards. These changes in the education legislation will lead to clear provisions regarding the school director’s status.
More...Keywords: conflict resolution style, humor, gender differences
The present study investigates the relationship between general humor use and styles of handling interpersonal conflicts with peers among university students, as well as the possible influence of gender and residence area. Data was collected from a sample of 120 Romanian students enrolled in a large public university, by self-reported measures of humor use and conflict resolution styles. Results indicate significant positive correlation between humor and integrating, compromising and avoiding style, respectively. Gender was found to significantly moderate the relation between humor and the integrating style, this correlation being stronger for female students. Also, students coming from urban areas reported a greater tendency to use humor, integrating and compromising styles than those from rural areas. These outcomes suggest that university teachers and adults’ trainers should pay additional attention to humor, as a useful tool for developing skills for constructive conflict resolution.
More...Keywords: inclusive education, special needs, school for all
The experience of recent decades has shown increasing concern of international organizations and institutions to ensure equal conditions and chances in society for persons with special needs that find themselves in various difficult situations and are socially disadvantaged in relation to the other members of the community they belong to. Persons with special needs and their organizations, as well as other organizations or forums of the civil society, together with the governmental authorities of each state have the responsibility to unite and act for removing existing barriers that hinder disabled persons from exerting their rights and liberties and to establish a climate of cooperation and partnership favorable to mobilizing all resources with the purpose of enhancing the awareness of the members of society concerning the needs, potential and contribution of these persons to the life of the community they are part of.
More...Keywords: educational organisation, school culture and climate, teaching staff satisfaction, students’ learning outcomes, police cadets’ initial training schools
The present study shows the conclusions of a broader research initiative carried out over a period of three years, between 2008 and 2011. The research study aimed at making an interpretive analysis of the organisational culture as a determinant of school climate with a view to identify the staff’s levels of satisfaction and achievement, while focusing on the linking role of organisational behaviour in the culture-climate rapport.
More...Keywords: transversal competences, employability competences, re-designing curriculum, university-companies network, Romanian students
The success of higher education institutions is also measured by the number of trained graduates who enter the labor market in firms recognized for assessing and promoting a high performance. Our article brings to attention several research results obtained by evidence based studies conducted by "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iaşi (Romania) on the subject of competences training and collaboration with the labor market. Our research aims to identify the training needs of students in terms of transversal skills and methods needed for this, according to students and training tutors of students in internships. Also, our research explores the students and tutors’ opinion on the need of a formal network with different actors with shared responsibilities in terms of transversal competences training. The methods of data collection were based on questionnaires survey and in-depth interviews. The data were processed using the statistical software Sphinx Plus2. Based on the research results we propose a model of transversal competences training approach. It assumes that there is a need for an expanded network with more actors that must take efforts and shared responsibilities. This model could be useful for redesigning the curriculum in universities.
More...Keywords: teacher evaluation, professional standards, peer-assessment, value-added assessment
Teacher evaluation is a topic of major interest in the world, the main reasons being to know and improve the teachers’ performances and, implicitly, those of the educational systems. A first objective of this paper is to draw a synthetic portrait of the trends in teacher evaluation at a global level, highlighting their main perspectives. Thus, there are three clear directions in the educational policy of teacher evaluation: the elaboration of reference standards, the introduction of collaborative structures and the evaluation of teachers according to the students’ performances. The second objective is to perform a radiography of the Romanian teacher evaluation system and compare it to the orientations identified at the global level. To this effect, we shall analyse the practiced evaluative forms and procedures, as well as some legislative renewals in the Romanian teacher evaluation system.
More...Keywords: norm, teacher’s norm deviation
The global aim of the present research is to investigate those types of serious, visible norm deviations of Romanian teachers from all the levels of education, which have made the subject of discussion during meetings of the Teachers’ Councils as a form of peer evaluation and collegial control. The specific purposes of the research are: analysis of the didactic status of teachers who commit deviations; identification of the agents reporting the deviation; classification of frequent norm deviations of teachers according to their nature and source; analysis of the administrative sanctions frequently applied following the deviations. The research method was the questionnaire, elaborated precisely for the purpose of achieving the research objectives. A total of 91 Romanian teachers participated in the study. Overall, the results indicate eight categories of deviations, the most frequent and relevant are violence against students, absenteeism and classroom management problems. The persons denouncing the deviations have included students, teachers and principals, and the penalties of deviations have mainly been pedagogical recommendations and salary cuts.
More...Keywords: perceived parental, teacher and peer support, academic achievement, grade-level differences
This study explored the grade level differences in the role of three contextual factors – the perceived support from parents, teachers and peers – on students’ achievement. In the first semester, 402 students from the fifth to the eighth grades reported their perception of parental, teacher and peer support. Scale measuring adolescents’ perception of parenting style and their relationships with teacher and peers were filled in at the beginning of the first semester. The achievement was measured at the end of the first and second semesters. Results indicated that perceived parent, teacher and peer support interacted in predicting achievement, and that these interactions were moderated by the grade level.
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