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Purgatory and “Toll Houses”: The Discussion on an Interim Post-mortem Condition in Orthodox Theology

Skaistykla ir „padangių muitinės“: tarpinės pomirtinės būklės problemiškumas Ortodoksų teologijoje

Author(s): Valdas Mackela,Gintaras Sungaila / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 58/2016

Keywords: “Areal toll houses”; Purgatory; Apocalyptic and gnostic heavenly journeys; Orthodox theology; Catholic theology; Eschatology

Besides the eschatological doctrine on the states of Heaven and Hell, Catholic Church has also developed a teaching about Purgatory. The closest teaching in Orthodox Church to Purgatory is a doctrine about areal of “toll houses”. But there is no consensus whether this teaching is a doctrine of the Church, private theological opinion or a heresy. This article analyses a teaching about “toll-houses” in the context of debates inside the Orthodox Church and compares it to Gnostic heavenly journeys and Catholic doctrine on Purgatory.

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Mamardashvili, Proust and the Problem of Self-realization

Mamardašvilis, Proustas ir savęs realizavimo problema

Author(s): Audrius Račkauskas / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 58/2016

Keywords: Impression; Self-realization; Mamardashvili; Proust

Article deals with Merab Mamardashvili’s suggested view to Marcel Proust’s literature activity. According to Mamardashvili, main interest and creativity pathos of Proust can be expressed by formula “to realize yourself”. But Mamardashvili explicates this personalistic and existential formula of self-realization in concepts, unusual for personalism and existentialism. Mamardashvili says that “to realize yourself” means “to realize impression”. The aim of this article is to explore the conceptual relation between self-realization and realization of impression.

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Relationships Among Atheists and Believers in Parish of St. Antony of Padua: from Brotherhood to Confrontation

Ateistų ir tikinčiųjų santykiai Gižų Šv. Antano Paduviečio parapijoje: nuo bičiulystės iki konfrontacijos

Author(s): Vidmantas Vyšniauskas,Kęstutis Žemaitis / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 58/2016

Keywords: Relationships Among Atheists and Believers in Parish of St. Antony of Padua: from Brotherhood to Confrontation

Relationships among religious people and atheists in parish of St. Anthony of Padua from 1963 to 1990 are analyzed in this article. Research was made on micro level using memories of believers and atheists. This method helps to better understand everyday relationships among believers and atheists. Person’s character and job position influenced upon his attitude towards religion and atheism. Peoples behavior was different: some hidden their attitude towards religion and atheism, some demonstrated it publicly and some fought for their rights to practice religion or against it.

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Reproductive Rights: The Content of Concept and Genesis

Reprodukcinės teisės: sąvokos turinys ir ištakos

Author(s): Salomėja Dzekunskaitė,Kazimieras Meilius / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 58/2016

Keywords: Reproduction; Reproductive rights; Procreation; Legitimacy of reproductive rights

The authors of this two-part article analyse the phenomenon of the so-called reproductive rights that is often mentioned in different contexts and in law. The analysis starts with the content of the concept discussed in the first part and it ends with the genesis of the concept discussed in the second paragraph, which is particularly important for the evaluation of the legitimacy of the reproductive rights. The overview of the topic that is not much investigated, but increasingly relevant and of widespread escalation, can be useful to both the academic and the general public, and most of all – legislators.

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Health and Sport Center of Vilnius University: Service Quality Assessment from the Students’ Perspective

Vilniaus universiteto sveikatos ir sporto centro paslaugų kokybės vertinimas studentų požiūriu

Author(s): Roma Adomaitienė,Skirmantė Mažuikaitė / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 75/2016

Keywords: Health education and sport services; Quality assessment; Vilnius University

The article with reference to SERVQUAL model analyses quality of health education and sport services experienced and expected by Vilnius University students. The comparison of information about health education and sport services provided in Lithuanian and foreign higher schools was carried out too

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Unlearning and Forgetting for Sustainable Development of Contemporary Organizations: Individual Level

Nesimokymas ir užmiršimas šiuolaikinių organizacijų darniam vystymuisi: individualus lygmuo

Author(s): Valentina Burkšienė / Language(s): English / Issue: 75/2016

Keywords: Unlearning; Forgetting; Sustainable development; Organizational learning; Sustainability knowledge

Individuals who have stopped learning and forgot unsustainable behaviour and thinking are useful for organization sustainability. Individual unlearning and forgetting for sustainability is deep and related to tacit knowledge. And this is very important for organizational knowledge management.

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Pre-school Education Pedagogues’ Job Satisfaction: The Importance of Manager’s Feedback

Ikimokyklinio ugdymo įstaigų pedagogų pasitenkinimas darbu: vadovų grįžtamojo ryšio svarba

Author(s): Dalia Dambrauskienė / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 75/2016

Keywords: Satisfaction with work; Feedback; Pedagogue; Pre-school education

The article deals with conceptions of feedback from manager, job satisfaction, and factors influencing the efficiency of feedback. The impact of principal’s feedback on primary education pedagogues’ job satisfaction is analysed as well. The model of empirical research is introduced in order to evaluate the interface of principal’s feedback, pedagogues’ reactions to the feedback, and job satisfaction. The results and conclusions of the conducted empirical research (on the basis of quantitative questionnaire method) are provided. After conducting the research, the significant correlations between principal’s feedback and pedagogues’ job satisfaction have been established.

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Managing Cross-Border Intern Corporate Communication of International Companies

Tarptautinių įmonių tarpvalstybinės vidinės korporatyvinės komunikacijos valdymas

Author(s): Márta Konczos Szombathelyi,Ágnes Borgulya,György Szondi / Language(s): English / Issue: 75/2016

Keywords: Cross-border internal corporate communication; Models of standardization/differentiation

This paper aims to share the main results of the research which intended to explore the current strategies and models on a special area of the “internal cross-border communication” of international companies, operating in different socio-cultural environments. This study was designed to examine what strategies are available for CEOs to guide the communication in different socio-cultural environments. The research aimed to investigate the theme of “standardization or differentiation”. It was written on the basis of systematic expert interview made by CEOs of international companies having subsidiaries in Hungary.

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The Influence of Internet Marketing Tools on Sales in Case of Retail Business

Internetinio marketingo priemonių įtaka pardavimams mažmeninės prekybos atveju

Author(s): Vytautas Liesionis,Justinas Kisieliauskas,Rokas Ališauskas / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 75/2016

Keywords: Internet marketing; Social networks; Social network marketing; Search engine marketing; Advertsiment panels; Sales; Retail

Internet marketing is interchanging the traditional one, thus marketers need to evaluate new marketing tools and their influence on the results of a company. Using econometric analysis the authors analysed the case of a retail company and based on this research tried to explain how internet marketing tools influence its sales results. Simple and multiple regressions allowed to see the relationship between sales results and different internet marketing tools. The authors found out that influence of social networks advertisement, search engine advertisement and advertsiment panels showed different statistically significant influence on sales results. Despite the negative impact on sales in case of advertsiment panels, advertsiment on social networks and search engine marketing had positive impact on sales results.

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Content Marketing Elements and their Influence on Search Advertisement Effectiveness: Theoretical Background and Practical Insights

Turinio marketingo elementai ir jų įtaka paieškos reklamos paveikumui: teorinis pagrindimas ir praktinės įžvalgos

Author(s): Aušra Pažėraitė,Rūta Repovienė / Language(s): English / Issue: 75/2016

Keywords: Content marketing; Search advertisement; Advertisement effect; Content marketing elements

Nowadays when internet marketing is on the wave, marketing experts recognize the importance of content; content marketing becomes a new field in marketing research. This paper provides a theoretical analysis, which ends up with a theoretical model of the content marketing influence on search system advertisement. Conclusions, practical insights and future development research directions are presented as well.

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Brand Placement in Sports Video Games: Trends and Perspectives

Prekės ženklo demonstravimas sporto vaizdo žaidimuose: tendencijos ir perspektyvos

Author(s): Lina Pilelienė,Edgaras Abromavičius / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 75/2016

Keywords: Placement; Brand; Product; Sports; Video games

The article analyses product placement in sports video games, its merits and demerits. Product placement is considered as one of the means of advertising. This mean is quite novel in video games; therefore, the research on its prevalence is still scarce. Considering the novelty of the usage of product placement in video games, the research aims at determining its trends and perspectives. Scientific analysis and content analysis of “NBA 2K” video game were performed to reach the aim. The results revealed that two methods of product placement were used: visual, and a mix of visual and verbal. Moreover, the prevalence of this method has a growing trend.

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The Impact of Integrated Organizational Communication on Organizational Sustainability

Integruotos strateginės organizacinės komunikacijos įtaka organizaciniam darnumui

Author(s): Mariana Sueldo / Language(s): English / Issue: 75/2016

Keywords: Organizational communication; Strategy; Integration; Sustainability; Corporate social responsibility (CSR)

The paper examines the strategic integration and management of organizational communication, by synergizing external and internal stakeholders, so as to facilitate the achievement of corporate goals, amongst which corporate social responsibility (CSR) and sustainability issues should be included.

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Leisure Practices and Venues in Transylvania at the End of the 19th Century

Author(s): Maria Tătar-Dan / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2015

Keywords: Leisure Practices; Venues; Transylvania; Modernity; Daily Life.

The study explores the leisure activities of the Romanian in Transylvania at the turn of the century in the context of the modernization process. The major change proposed by modernity at the level of daily life was the democratization of leisure, as it was no longer reserved to a small group of people. Industrialization, the development and spread of new technologies, the emergence and consolidation of middle class made it accessible to larger and larger groups of people generating new habits and new comportments. Leisure activities contributed to the making of modernity in a number of ways, at the same time being transformed by it.

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The Activity of “Mureşiana” Bank from Reghin, from 1887 to 1948. An Historical and Financial Outline II

Activitatea Băncii „Mureşiana” din Reghin între anii 1887-1948. Schiţă Istorico-Financiară II

Author(s): Vasile Dobrescu,Maria Tătar-Dan / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2015

Keywords: Economic Evolution; Financial Institutions; Lending Operations.

The “Mureşiana” bank in Reghin was one of the most representative Romanian financial institutions in the area of Mureş. The present paper, the second part of a broader study on the activity of the bank during its existence, outlines the lending operations activated by “Mureşiana” bank in the 1887-1947 period. Although a credit institution with a medium financial power among the Romanian Transylvanian banks and a small bank in the financial system of the Dualist Monarchy and later of Romania, “Mureşiana” had a great contribution to the economic development of Mureş area

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Alexandru Papiu-Ilarian in Regard to the Positivist Historiography

Author(s): Corina Teodor / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2015

Keywords: Alexandru Papiu-Ilarian; Positivism; Romanian Historiography; Editing Documents; Monographs.

Positivism and the critical history, a distinct trend in the historiography at the beginning of the nineteenth century in Europe, enjoyed a great receptivity among the Romanian historians. Particularly the scientific research methodology, as the initiators of positivism recommended, also reflected in the Romanian historians’ writing until the late twentieth century. The interest for the archival documents, the synthetic and analytical perspective in examining these documents, the critical apparatus and the strict bibliography are met to too many of our historians, set until the establishment of the Communism in constant scientific dialogue with the Western historians. This study is just a humble part of this success of positivism, totaling the analyzes that had Alexander Papiu-Ilarian as the main character.

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"La Roumanie” Newspaper on the Romanian War Prisoners (1918-1919)

Author(s): Gherghina Boda / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2015

Keywords: War; Camps; Prisoners Of War; Violence; Suffering.

Starting with 1918, Paris becomes the center of Romanian propaganda abroad and the „La Roumanie” newspaper becomes the speaker for the Romanian interests. In the pages of this daily were reflected the suffering of Romanian war prisoners confined to prison camps. There are numerous testimonies proving cruel fate of those unfortunates who were abused both physically and mentally, despite international laws that compel the warring States to apply human treatments of prisoners of war.

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The Economy of Nations. Some Reflections about the Impact of Economic State Policies in South-Eastern Europe after the First World War

Author(s): Giuseppe Motta / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2015

Keywords: Nation-State; Nationalism; Minorities; East-Central Europe; Agrarian reforms.

The article aims to explain the economic side of nationalism and the political strategy that many Nation-States of Eastern Europe carried out after the First World War. In those years, the settlement of Central-Eastern Europe was completely changed and the new borders, together with the dissolution of the old Empires, created a complex reality in which trade and economic exchanges were affected too. In this context, the effects of the war were further aggravated by the problems concerning the new economic policies of many States that tried to combine political independence with a vigorous support of national economy. The consequences of this approach were particularly evident in the management of banks and industrial enterprises and in the definition of radical agrarian reforms.

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Imagining Transylvania: Positive and Negative Representations of the Province after 1918

Author(s): Luminiţa Ignat-Coman / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2015

Keywords: Transylvania; Identity; Representations; Interwar Period; Nation

The paper aims to explore the images and representations of Transylvania and how they involved various ways of conceptualizing Romanian identity during the inter-war period. Transylvania, a province with strong identity elements, became part of the Romanian national state in 1918. Until then it had been part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The first part of the paper will focus on different types of representations: geographical, historical, psychological or those related to character, either positive or negative. The analysis of images and representations is relevant given that they constitute elements of identity. The paper argues that Transylvania, an ethnically and culturally diverse region, has strong identity elements which set this region apart even after its integration into the national state. Therefore, the study discusses the historical and identity foundations of Transylvania's current status as part of Romania, but it will also touch on the complex mechanisms which transform local identities in order to integrate them into wider constructs such as national identities.

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The Romanian Telephone Company under the Administration of Grigore Filipescu (1930-1938)

Author(s): Andrei Popescu / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2015

Keywords: Societatea Anonimă Română de Telefoane; International Telephone & Telegraph; Grigore Filipescu; Phone Tapping; King Carol II.

In 1930, the Romanian State decided the privatization of the telephone services. International Telephone & Telegraph, a major American company, won the auction and took over the Romanian phone network. Thus was established “Societatea Anonimă Română de Telefoane”, led by a Council of Administration, presided by Grigore Filipescu, a Romanian politician. Filipescu used his position to find out, through phone tapping, important information about his political opponents. This was possible because of a modern machine that recorded phone conversations. Although everything was made public, King Carol II refused to dismiss Filipescu, as he was probably also using the modern equipment for his own political games.

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The Fall of Communism and the Advertising Phenomenon (1990-1991)

Căderea comunismului şi fenomenul publicitar (Anii 1990-1991)

Author(s): Corneliu Cezar Sigmirean / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2015

Keywords: Advertising Phenomenon; Communism; Romanian Society; Protectionist Barriers.

The fall of communism in the year 1989 opened the way for some profound changes in the Romanian society. Forced to renounce to the protectionist barriers, Romania permits the access of foreign companies on the internal market. After decades of austerity, the Romanians become consumers of foreign products. As a consequence, the press is flooded by adverts for foreign companies such as General Electric, Colgate, Procter& Gamble, Unilever and others. Meanwhile, some changes in the collective mentality are taking place. From the unfiltered selection of foreign products, in the first period, the Romanians change their buying habits, raising their expectations. The foreign companies and the adverts they used shaped a new physiological profile.

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