BALKAN CHRONICLES
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BALKAN CHRONICLES
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BALKAN CHRONICLES
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AMBASSADOR OF THE BALKANS
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BALKAN CHRONICLES
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REVIEWS / Hrvatsko-bugarski odnosi u XIX. i XX. stoljeću. Zbornik radova međunarodnog znanstvenog skupa održanog u Novom kampusu Sveučilišta u Zadru od 24. – 26. rujna 2007. Glavini i odgovorni urednik akademik Josip Bratulić. Zagreb, Hrvatsko-bugarsko društvo, 2012, 349 str., ISBN 978-953-99241-3-1
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This paper recommends comparative history as an alternative to national history that is useful to overcome the impact of nationalism on the historiographical reconstruction of the past. The author outlines the evolution, the problems, the functions and the perspectives of the comparative historical studies. Furthermore, he makes some observations about the place of comparative history in modern Bulgarian historiography. Statistical study of the content of the three main historical periodicals at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (Istoricheski pregled, Bulgarian Historical Review and Études balkaniques) in the years from 2005 to 2010 shows that the number of publications on comparative history is not high (average 4.1% of all articles). Both comparative models – the reference one and the integral one are illustrated through examples from the historiography in Bulgaria since 1989. On one hand, Bulgaria’s openness to the world after the end of the communist regime is a political prerequisite for the need of more comparative studies. The scientific preconditions for this evolution are the changes in the historical science towards new themes and interdisciplinary approaches. On the other hand, the traditional interpretations of national history will be fueled by the needs of the nation state to mobilize national identity, the crisis experienced by the European Union as the largest attempts to create supranational organization or the professional training of historians that reproduces the piety to the national history and the positivist understanding of historiographical process.
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In this paper is made an attempt, the first in this respect, to follow the visit of the famous Yugoslav novelist and winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature, Ivo Andrić, in Republic Turkey (particularly in Istanbul, Ankara, Izmir, Bursa) from 15 to 27 May 1953 as a member of the Yugoslav parliamentary delegation. The author proposes a systematization of Turkish translations of the writer’s works, as well as presents some problems with their reception in Turkey, and also offers a thesis on the history of the completion of the novel The Damned Yard (Prokleta avlija, 1954) in close connection with this visit in Turkey.
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At the end of the twentieth century on the agenda of new, democratic Europe is standing the national question, most often at its most reprimanded version – the extreme nationalism. The problem of managing internal minority nationalisms and basically preventing their negative manifestations such as ethnic conflict is part of a complete solution of the national minority problem. Before the leading European institutions is set the task of making tools, a model of conservation, development and consolidation of the different, of their unification into a single nation, regardless of ethnicity, native language, and faith (religion) background. In today's world of united Europe national minority matter concerns not only the state / government, it is the work of the overall EU-wide policies and practices, in which a significant role play leading European structures, among which stand out the European Union (European Community) and the Council of Europe. They are a pillar in the construction of the philosophy of continental and regional security, part of which is the development of tools to regulate national minority issues.
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During the whole history of the Eastern Block the policy of the socialist countries towards the ethnic minorities was theoretically based on the ideas of internationalism. But in fact the situation was different. From the end of 1950s, when the ruling Communist parties have faced social and economic difficulties, they have turned out to the well known on the Balkans ethnic nationalism. The nationalism in the Balkan socialist countries became extremely strong in the 1980s, when the general crisis (economical, political, social, and ideological) of the European system of state socialism began. In these difficult years all the Balkan socialist countries: pro-soviet Bulgaria, independent in her foreign relations Romania, looking for the third path between East and West Yugoslavia or totally isolated Albania, became nationalistic. In Bulgaria from the end of 1984 has began the so called `revival process` – the names of Turks have been changed to Christian ones; in Romania – the `systematization` of villages was directed against the Hungarian population; in Yugoslavia the main problem was Albanians’ separatism, but Albania tried to protect the Albanians in Yugoslavia. All these nationalisms were not able to save the regimes, on the contrary – they ruined the political system and after that the regimes quickly collapsed.
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PARTNERS (review) / Yordanka Gescheva. Family Counts Peyachevich between Legend and Reality (the Second Half of the XVII – XX Century). Historical and Genealogical Research. Sofia, Publishing House „Dio Mira”, 2012, 341 сс., ISBN 978-954-2977-02-5
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The article analyzes the Commintern policy on the national question in the light of eugenic theories and practices that developed in the Soviet Union in the 20s and 30s of the twentieth century. In contrast to the German experience Soviet eugenics, which is officially called biosocial eugenics, aims to lead the biological evolution of man as a kind of upgrade transformations in the economic base of the future communist society. Enlighten is the penetration of eugenic ideas in Bulgaria and the attitude of the Bulgarian communist party (BCP) to them. Highlighted is the role of Todor Pavlov, the future President of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, who in 1941 - 1942 was an ideological mentor of the Macedonian literary circle in Sofia, linked to the attempts of BCP, corresponding to the Commintern policy, to create and impose a Macedonian language and literature in order to prove the existence of a separate Macedonian nation.
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BALKAN CHRONICLES
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BALKAN CHRONICLES
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REVIEWS
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PARTNERS (review) / Openness. Studies in Honour of Vasiliki Papoulia. Ed. Theodoros Korres, Panagiotis Doukelis, Spyridon Sfetas, Fotini Toloudi. Vanias Publishing House, Thessaloniki, 2012, 779 pp., ISBN 978-960-288-305-1
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BALKAN CHRONICLES
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