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Among thc archaeologicalmaterials discovered in thc Dacian t[lrtress jj'0111 Băniţa. we dwelt upon a provision vessel (PL!). This on is worked at wel! and has the tiJl!owlIlg size: height=36 cm., muzzlc diametcr=28 cn1.. maximum dJameter=3~ cn1.. bottom diamcter= 16 cm. T:I1e container has red-brownish color shades that covercd a largc spectrum AIso, nn its bod) vou can observe spnts camc li'om a secondar) combustion So Jiu' \Ve don't Jind any analogy tllr this vessel maybc cxcept a shard procecding ti'om Popov Salas (PUL 2) But that being only a httle shard, we cannot sa) anything doubtless, but merely lor its ornamenls that recovcred on the specific vassds tor the Celtic world (Pili) From chwnological point of view, we think thal piece moots can be Join a lapse of time in which is plaeed the others archacological matcrials diseovered in this place namelv 1l1r1n the en of2"dcentury 13C ant till beginning 01'2'''1 ccntury AC. In view ofits analogies. who sent us to Ccltie world. we though that the presence of thc vessel in lhe 13ăniţa Dacian lilltress can be in connection with the material cliitures inICrtCrence betwccn Celts ami DacJans. It isn't out of the question that this one \Vas manlltilctured in thc zone where il was diseovered by a nalivc cratlsman OI' rather. Il)' a potler eame th11l1 lhe sc(mhscr inhabited zone
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Dans ce!te etude I'auteur prcsente cinq tresors monetaires, decouverts sur le territoire de la viile d'Alba Iulia dans des endroits et pendant efepoques ditTcrents. Ils ont cre Illis au jour aux adresses suivantes rue.A.Vlaicu nr.32. rue Calea Motilor nr.7:' A. rue Piaţa Eroilor nr.11 et rue Progresului nr.19. Les tresors datent de la fin du XV' s. jusqu',lla dernicre moitie du XVIII et ont la composition suivante: des ellllSSlOns polonnaises. hongroises, antichichiennes. alleillandes. prusiennes, suedoises et de la Transylvanie. Le, Illonnaies polonnaises ont circule dans une quanlite considcrable il partir du XV' s. jusqu',l la dernicre Illoitic du XVIII': il ,'agit des pieces il valeurs lll11yennes el reduites. ou quelles s'ajoutent des Illonnaies suedoises el prussiennes. Vers la fîn du XVII's. lors de la baisse de le quantite de Illonnaie polonnaise en Transilvanie. une place importante dans la circulation Illonetaire de la viile allait etre occupee par les elllis';ions autrichiennes et cel les des provinces ailelllandes, de la dernicre Illoitic du XVII. Des 1627 les monnaies polonnaises ont cesse leur circulation, ayant ete remplacees par les monnaies suedoises - en quantite reduite - et pour les emissions autrichiennes, entre 1637 et 1715, avec certaines interruptions jusqu'en 1715. La deuxiellle etape de l'utilisation des Illonnaies polonnaises, commen~a en 1657 et ce tableau allait etre complete, vers 1685 avec les elllissions des principantes allemandes dans une quantite importante. Les conclusions degagees par ceHe analyse viellnent, de completer les donnees sur la circulation Illonetaire en Transylvanie, entre le XY et XYIII' s .. en generaL et a Alba Iulia, en particulier.
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Dle Lntdeekung in den Kriegsarchiven aus Wien der Pliine der Ikrc'lIgungscsplanade au, Alba Iulia In den Jahrcn I XO-l und 18:;8 hilll uns dlc Situat Ion cines Tcrls der Besitztimer und Hausn der Stadtbcwohncr in den XIX-ten Jh. /.u kcnnen. Die Fsplanadc war cin SWck Kabd das sich zwischen der Bcfcstigung und die Stadl Alba Iulia bet~md. Das Laml hattc eine Breite von 2()()-(,OO m. Dic (irundstlickc und die Iinuscr die sich auI' dieser Esplanade belimden. beianglos wem es angehi\rtc. unterlag der Cicriehtsbarkelt dcr Burg. Dle (iebiiuden konnten nur rnit der (,enehmigung des (ienie<1rntcs der Hurg gebaul werdc11. ArnI das die Niederrell.\ung dleser Hauser Irn I'alle elnes Llngrilb bez\\ang Irn Jahrc IXO-l \\urden 1-1.' (irundstlicke und liiiuscr aurder bplanade registricrt. von d(l1n(I1!l1 de11 RUlminen. ') rreic Cirunstticke ((j,irtcn) warcn und M Cirudstlicke der 13efasligu11g. der rornanisch-katlwlisehcn Fpiskopie und der verschiedcncr Figentlimer deuIschcL ungarischcn und Judischer Hcrkunll <1ngehiirten. Dic Vcrringcrung der Anzahl der rurniischcn Eingentlimer aur der 13urgesplanade ein halbcs .lahrhunderl spaler ist den Kămpfcn. die aur der Dauer der Re\'olution aus dcrn Jahrc 1848-49 slatll:1l1dcn .. zu verdanken. als die Burgbefestigung aus Alba Iulia 4 Monale lang von den ungarisehen Truppen angcgritTen wurde. Dmnals \Iunie die Stadl Im Brand gesetzl und zertrlinll11ert. haupts~lchlich dic IIăuser die slch der hplanade bet~11lden
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In this study the author intends to show the way in \\'hich general Alexandru Averescu \Vas perceivcd by the An11\. then bv the Romani~m public opinion hetween thc years 1') 17 ami 1')21. thc Wa\' in \\hich. duc to somc militar) victories. he sulTered a process of transfigural1on. taking successivelv thc shape of thc milltan hero. of the man of peacc. of the provldencial lemler. ,,1' the rc!(lrmer :\lexandru :\verescu rcprcsents thc tvpical ease of a sav1I1g hero. Ilis myth appeared "n the background of il protesting state. of a legitimity erISlS specific to Romania alteI' \V"rld War I "The :\verescu phenomenon" appeared and extcndcd only In Old Romania. It didn't cver really cntre thc regillns over thc mounta1l1s "'fhe Averescian rcligion" had its Il,llo\\crs among pcasants. It didn(J't havc thc adhcsion of the young 1I1tcllectuals ami ofthc stucknts (icllclal ,,\k~alldru ;\\ crc,cu', 111\ lh bc\(lllg' to lhc 1\ pc (lI' lhc pn" Idcllelal characlcr. (lI' lhc ,a' I Il!" ilem CI P(l'ili\c ami c,clllpian ehilrilctcr 11\ dcfilllllOIl (icncral i\'crc'cu illlposcd 11IlllSclr(11l lhc pcopk il! a spIritual and C'ITl01IOIl,-!l k\cI and Idcntil-ll'U hll1l~C'1I C\l:1l It)1 <1 shnrt tlIllL. \\ith thL' (lllkctl\L' (k~tin\ td' RlHllallltlll:-.
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The present cssay propose laklng lip \\ ilh SOllle ne\\ disCllveries bclonging the Early Bronze Age on the middle course of Mureş. lkl\\een lhere. tlle bllin arc concenthrcatcd in the corteminous zone of Cugir Valley. The archaeologlcal lllaterial bcJllngs b) and tu stages II nd and III ,,1 of Transylvanian Early Bronze Age (afier H.Ciugudean). onl\ a "ngle disCllvel\ (Vincrca .. "Tflbfmişte") could be associated in manifestations of Livezile type (EBA 1). For EIl!\ II there arc recmded Iile traces hOlll Vincrea-"in Deal" and "Tăbărâşte", Şibot-"În Ţelini". "La Baltă"-ob 2. Balulllir-"Siltqti". "Ciura Văii Cioarei" and Cugir-"Dealul Cetăţii" who can be assigned exclusivcly of the cultulal ~OilllU~ group. aii of these procceding fi'om surface investigation belonging to EBA III >\longSlde of the n:sultants of sOrlle sy,tclllalieai investigations performed at Deva" StLDepozitelor" and "D,Îlllbul 1'01'11" I(,\C<I\"II""' dl 1 j\lldl"OIIl) rlom this stage ceramics evinced in this essay is characteriLed of !J('semlrlC!' IIl1d i'eXflllllllsler IWI\/OIL belng lecl1rded an important number of materials decoratcd with texli le pllllh Il lc\ ,,-"\tl.1 )cPO/l!c 101" Rapoltll Marc-"~cghi'·. Şibot-"La Baltă"-ob.2, Balomir-"Săteşti" as \\cll a, a C"I 1,,1\ IlIg a \\ell cSlahlLshed sOUlce (Musce Deva) probably lay in the Transylvanian south-westcrn zOlle dISC\l\ er\ \\ho have good analogv the Hatvan environment. To offer a useful instrument about this potlC\'\ t\ pc tire\' \\l1l'hCd Ilot a cataloguc alld a map oftype discoveries from EBA in Romania. noticc that Ceraml(, \\ nil Inlrlc miilell lIccuples onl\' the \\'estern halI' of this territory, sustaining the .result of its pellell atloll li'lI Il I ti", ti Il eetlllll The authuI-l!\,clt II 11l)] I 11,'\\ d"cu\cII'" 111 cl'lllial alld south-western Transylvanian contextintroduced a c1assificalioll of cel"lllIC' 11,)]1\ l'll \ III depci'I(lllIg 011 milieu categories (1- with scratchiness; 2- with textile prints. 3- wlth tllangulal pllllh hllrlt a ne\\ mOliL the first tvvo categories with clear alternatives, In great detail thc~ discourse aga Il!. thc 1111,,1 stage ploblem of EIlA (1-:8A III), stading out -as also H.Ciugudean apprectatcd him,elL l\\() e\'olutivc pilases Iloled by us wlth III a and III b. III a: - with discovelie, 11\ late )OI111l1~ tvpe (!'ebea. ~oil11uş ("). Ciligoreşti) followed by the ones of Iemut type (Iernul. DUl11brava. 1 'Ioala de .I,)s. I.opadea Veche) sil11ultaneously with the Foeni-Ocnele Mari horizon, Sanislău and early Nag\ lC\ gn\lIlh III b: - with dlseovellc\ beloll!2l)]g to a IlC\\ hOl i/OIl definite \\ ith dillieulty in the present moment (Oaia, Balomir-"Dupil Saf'. Ile\ a-"Stl Ilejlozllelol" I'iallll de Jos) simultancously with the Gomea-Orleşti horizon enclosed CICl11atlOn!celllete]'\ of SalllSl;1l1 tvpe 1'n1l1\ CiUl11eştL early Socodor-Cicir, Ciomortan, late Nagyn:v, early Hatvan.
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The study is prescnting two stone objccts belonging to thc archaeological eollections of the Muzeul Naţional al Unirii in Alba Iulia. The tirst object is a zoomorphic sceptre discovered in a sand quarry. near the railway station ofVinţu de Jos (fig.I). It has good parallels inlhe North-Pontic region (Suvorovo). as \Vell as in Moldavia (Fcdclc~eni. Fitioneşti). Dobrudja (Casimcea) Of Macedonia (Suvodol). The sccptre of Vinţu de Jos is th,: tirsl of this lype in the Transylvanian n:gion and could bc datcd in the latc Eneolithic period. The second lind is a stonc macehead with tt)[lr knobs (lig.2). discovcred by a peasanl in the villagc of Şard (com Ighiu. jud. Alba). during the excavation of a J(llllltain. It could bclong tn a grave of Decea Murcşului lype. Both objccts reprcscnts eastern e1ements li-ol11 the North-Pontic slepic arca. which penctrated insidc the Carpathian basin in thc Late Eneolotic period.
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A more comprehcnsive English variant of this stlldy will be printed soon in the Papers of the 17'h International Congress of Roman Frontier Stlldies, ZalălI 1997, lInder the title The Legio 1 Adilllrix in Dacia. Mililary Ac/ion and Ils Place ofGarisson During Trajan's Reighn.
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Kresy today - a review of scientific and cultural events of 2008
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Origins, establishment and structure of St. Piotr Skarga Association were investigated in this work. The subject of study was one of many Polish social and educational organizations, that existed before the First World War in the self-governing Galicia (1866-1918). Undoubtedly it can be treated as a reply of Polish catholic intelligentsia to the development of socialism and changes of European civilization in early twentieth century. Moreover, the long tradition of continuous efforts made by Polish society to preserve its language and culture in the time of partitions, seems to be crucial to understand the background of an idea of creating the new organization. The association described in this work was established in July 1908 in Lviv. Founders were inspired by local Sodality of Our Lady and the order of Jesuits, further the organization was structurally connected with Catholic Church. Articles of Association were also confirmed by the local authorities of the Habsburg Empire. The organization was named after St. Piotr Skarga: sixteenth-century Polish priest, famous Jesuit preacher and patron saint of upbringing according to the spirit of Catholicism and patriotism. The final mission of the Association consisted in aiming at rebirth of Polish state, mainly by developing education and consolidation of Polish national identity. However in practice priority was given to the advancement of Polish literary output: belles-lettres as well as popular science and various kinds of press. Activities of the Association assumed the shape of editing and advertising literature, create libraries and organizing lectures. Social response to the occurrence of a new organization in Galicia is also analyzed in the article, especially in terms of accusation of competing with similar Polish association: Society of People’s Education. Finally the short history of the Association of St. Piotr Skarga up to the Second World War is presented in the end of the work.
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According to J. Stalin’s politics in 1944-1945 organs of NKVD, NKGB and „Smersh” counter-intelligence arrested massively soldiers of anti-communist forms, above all soldiers of Home Army (Armia Krajowa) and workers of the Government Delegacy at Home (Delegatura Rządu RP na Kraj). The vast majority of them was sent to NKVD USSR camps as the interned, but many leaders of the independence underground in Poland were imprisoned in the special camp in Kharkiv. In comparison with the ordinary camps in USSR, sanitary, health care and food supply conditions in Kharkiv were much more better. The prisoners could organize themselves musical, scientific and cultural classes. They weren’t been forced to work and also they weren’t preceded by questioning by special operational groups. On the other hand, they were kept in strict isolation from political news and Polish diplomatic organs. Probably J. Stalin wanted to use Poles (keeping in a good physical condition) in negotiations with the leaders of the United States and Great Britain. The situation changed in June 1945, when he managed the temporary government in Poland – the Provincional Government of National Unity (Tymczasowy Rząd Jedności Narodowej), in fact composed of politicians from the Communist Party, which was accepted by eastern leaders. When he took control of Poland, the prisoners from Kharkiv were sent to „normal” camp in Ryazan in December 1945.
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The text is transcription of interview done with Zygmunt Wenglowski who was born in 1925 in Sorochyn. Memories says about education in Polish Autonomous Districts in interwar period and fighting as a soldier of the Polish First Army (Berling’s Army) during the second world war.
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This paper presents the most famous conspiratorial, Ukrainian association in 19th century, seen from a perspective of representatives of Polish nation, struggling for freedom in the eastern lands of former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The Brotherhood of Cyril and Methodius is a symbol of Ukrainians’ struggle for independent existence of Ukrainian culture in the middle of 19th century. Main activists of this secret association, with Taras Shevchenko, became an elite of Ukrainian society and heads of nation. Their activity makes very important chapter for Ukrainian historiography. Historians rarely have reached memories of Poles, which were living in Ukraine in 19th century. The Polish students (constituting a majority among students of the Kyiv University) have left several interesting historical records. Especially diary of Julian Belina Kędrzycki seems to be important, because he described his acquaintance with Taras Shevchenko and Mykola Kostomarov in 1846-1847. Another diarist, Zygmunt Miłkowski (writing under pseudonym Teodor Tomasz Jeż) came in the university a half year after members of the Brotherhood of Cyril and Methodius had been arrested. After years he wrote diaries, which are reflecting atmosphere in the Kyiv University and development of Polish and Ukrainian national movement. Some information are in works of other Polish students too, like: Franciszek Duchiński, Tadeusz Bobrowski, Leon Syroczyński and Franciszek Rawita-Gawroński. АДАМ
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The report presents the opening of the new museum in Vilnius – Church Heritage Museum at St. Michael the Archangel Church. Author says about exhibition, history of collection and some exhibits.
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The review analyses the book of Zbigniew Wojcik about famous historian from Lviv – Aleksy Gilewicz (1905-1969). A REVIEW OF: ZBIGNIEW K. WOJCIK, „ALEKSY GILEWICZ – HISTORYK NIEPROWINCJONALNY”, MUZEUM NARODOWE ZIEMI PRZEMYSKIEJ, INSTYTUT PAMIECI NARODOWEJ – KOMISJA SCIGANIA ZBRODNI PRZECIW NARODOWI POLSKIEMU, PRZEMYSL–WROCLAW 2008, PP. 233, ILLUSTRATIONS.Source: Krakowskie Pismo Kresowe (Cracovian Kresy’s Journal) year: 2009, vol.: 1, pages: 163-167
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The topic of this paper is the female portrait from 18th century belonging to collection of the Regional Art Museum in Vinnitsa (Ukraine). The author of the portrait is unknown. The researcher of this theme proves that Anna Lubomirska-Rzwuska is represented on this portrait. Princess Anna Lubomirska-Rzewuska (1717-1763) was a member of Polish nobility. Her parents are Józef Rzewuski and Teresa Mniszek. She was Stanisław Lubomirski’s sister. She married Wacław Rzewuski in 1732.
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Sever Voinescu writes about the new country report for Romania. This takes into consideration progress since the 2002 Regular Report and it covers the period until 30 September 2003. In some particular cases, however, measures taken after that date are mentioned – notably the revision of the Constitution.
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“Work or Life”, that is the question to be answered in this issue. The journalists try to answer from a mixture of perspectives, but most of them wrote about the cultural field. The most talked subject is literature because, at least in Romania, it remains the "queen of arts".
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Andrei Gorzo writes about a recent Romanian film, "Ambassadors Searching for a Country" ("Ambasadori, căutăm patrie"). This film is directed by director is Mircea Daneliuc, on of the most controversial cineastes in Romania. The journalist makes some comments about the violence and political atitude in Daneliuc films.
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