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The article aims to analyze the significance of spatial categories in postcolonialism. Dorota Kołodziejczyk puts forth a thesis that the characteristic spatial anxiety of postcolonial studies (visible e.g. in the inspirations from Foucault and Guattari and Deleuze) locates this discipline firmly in new theories of cultural globalization. She argues that postcolonial studies aims to replace the dominant logic of temporality founding the concept of modernity with the concept of subjectivity as heterotopia – a place where a range of different, often incompatible and alien spaces come together. Postcolonialism, since its inception sensitive to the problem of cultural and national borders, and the borders of belonging, rests on the premise common to its varied trends, namely that each form of identity is local, interactive and dynamic. Kołodziejczyk examines the postcolonial spatial categories arguing that this is in the explorations of the local and the global flows and the tension between them that postcolonialism has a chance to contribute to the theorization of globalization more complex and productive than that stemming from former development studies. It has also a chance to break away from the now exhausted paradigms of (post)colonial/ metropolitan manichean dichotomies. The conclusion is that this new spatial imagination unique to postcolonial theory and literature develops a vision of a new cosmopolitanism, which Homi Bhabha expresses as ‘our sense of mutuality in the conditions of mutability’.
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In Coetzee's story, Elizabeth Costello, an Australian writer, boards an ocean-liner to entertain its passengers by giving talks about literature. Her fellow-entertainer is Emmanuel Egudu, a Nigerian writer lecturing on "The Novel in Africa". In his talk Egudu emphasises his Africanness, a special African identity. In conversation, the two characters discuss the novel in Africa; Elizabeth opines that what distinguishes the African novel is that it is not written for Africans but for foreigners. That fact imposes both restrictions and obligations on the African writer, which Coetzee's story illustrates and explores. What it also exposes is the naivety involved in drawing precipitous conclusions and offering generalisations based on a person's language, profession and ethnic origins.
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The essay focuses on the literary and non-literary works by Flann O'Brien (born Brian O'Nolan) explored against the background of Irish history, politics and culture in the aftermath of Ireland's emancipation from Britain in 1921. O'Brien's fiction, as well as his satirical columns contributed to "The Irish Times", raise some key postcolonial issues, most notably the role of the Irish language and the prospects of its revival in the Irish Free State. The choice of the continued use of English as the basic means of communication, though apparently politically incorrect, appears to be a necessary evil in a society estranged from its native tongue through centuries of British dominion. O'Brien's writings urge a compromise between two radically polarised positions which emerged in the inter-war period in Ireland: on the one hand, O'Brien appreciates Irish tradition and the Gaelic language; on the other, the progress and well-being of the whole nation necessitate a more pragmatic approach to the postcolonial "burden" (language, tradition, customs, institutions) left behind by the British.
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The author's analysis of the chosen literary texts focuses on the representation of childhood. An attempt to investigate childhood from the postcolonial perspective means reevaluation of the process of identity construction, both in the individual and in the communal aspect. The postulated turn from the polarized perception of adulthood and childhood towards the figure of a hybrid suggests also concentration upon the Third Space where we are the Others of ourselves. Homi Bhabha's concept of the Third Space helps to avoid the "politics of bipolarity" and is used here to conceptualize the period of "girlishness" which, according to Judith Butler, is connected with a forced citation of the norm of womanhood and the impossibility to reach to that norm. Exploring the relationship between the gaze and scrutiny with the "phallomorphic sexual metaphors" the author points to Luce Irigaray's and Julia Kristeva's conceptions of womanhood. The forceful citation of the norm mentioned above is strictly connected with language: the author questions the position of language in the postcolonial literature where the choice of a language is politically charged. Here the "feminine" language remains the language of silence or the body; both failing to provide an access to the Third Space where one can speak of oneself and of others.
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Straipsnyje pristatoma empirinio tyrimo „Lietuvos mažų ir vidutinių įmonių internacionalizacijos ir tarpkultūrinės kompetencijos integracija“ metodika bei rezultatai. Autorės vertina Lietuvos mažų ir vidutinių įmonių vadovų / vadybininkų tarpkultūrinės kompetencijos elementus, siedamos juos su įmonių internacionalizacijos procesais. The article presents methodology and results of the empirical research “The Integration of Intercultural Competence and Internationalization at Small and Medium Enterprises of Lithuania”. The authors have estimated the elements of leadership / manager intercultural competence at small and medium enterprises in association with the internationalization process at the enterprise.
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Straipsnyje analizuojamas besikeičiantis požiūris į viešojo sektoriaus organizacijų pokyčių komunikaciją. Komunikaciją siekiama pristatyti kaip socialinį institutą, t.y. atvirą sistemą, leidžiančią konstruoti socialinių santykių tinklą, užtikrinantį organizacijos veiklos tęstinumą ir strateginius pokyčius. Todėl ją nusakantys reiškiniai siejami su vadybos procesu, siekiant užtikrinti visuomenės veiklos suderinamumą, veiksmingumą. Straipsnyje kviečiama mokslinei diskusijai, aptariant viešojo sektoriaus komunikacijos ypatumus pokyčių metu, pagrindžiant šio socialinio reiškinio praktinio taikomumo lauką. Pateikiama viešojo sektoriaus organizacijų samprata, atskleidžiama komunikacijos raiška viešojo sektoriaus organizacijose. Straipsnyje pristatoma autorių sukonstruota tyrimo metodologija, apimanti pokyčių komunikacijos lauką, adaptuota viešojo sektoriaus organizacijų pavyzdžiu. The article analyses the changing attitude towards communication of changes in the public sector organisations. Communication is presented as a social institute, i.e., an open system allowing constructing a network of social relations which guarantees continuation of activity and strategic changes for the organisation. The factors disclosing it are linked to the process of management with the aim to guarantee efficiency and conformity of the activity. The article invites for scientific discussion about the peculiarities of communication in the public sector, by proving the scope of practical application of this social phenomenon. The concept of the public sector and the expression of communication are disclosed. Methods of the research compiled by the authors cover the scope of communication of changes and are employed on the example of public organisations.
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Straipsnyje nagrinėjama inovatyvi organizacinė kultūra SVV įmonėse. Tikslas – išanalizuoti inovatyvios organizacinės kultūros bruožus SVV įmonėse. Inovatyvi organizacinė kultūra tirta pagal išskirtus septynis inovatyvios organizacinės kultūros bruožus: tinklaveiką, rizikos toleranciją, mokymąsi, vertybes, vadovavimą, bendradarbiavimą ir komunikaciją, organizacijos struktūrą. The article investigates innovative organizational culture in SMEs. The main aim of the paper was to analyse the characteristics of innovative organizational culture in SMEs. Innovative organizational culture has been researched by distinguishing seven characteristics of innovative organizational culture: networking, risk tolerance, learning, values, leadership, cooperation and communication, and organizational structure.
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Straipsnyje teoriniu aspektu analizuojami nesąžiningo elgesio veiksniai; pristatomi atlikto pilotinio tyrimo apie darbuotojų nesąžiningą elgesį gamybos įmonėje rezultatai. Tyrimui atlikti naudotas Tartu universitete parengtas klausimynas apie nesąžiningą elgesį darbovietėje. Nesąžiningas elgesys tirtas medicinos, švietimo srityse, tačiau menkai nagrinėtas Lietuvos gamybinėse įmonėse. Kaip matyti iš darbuotojų nesąžiningo elgesio tyrimo rezultatų, tokie veiksniai kaip menkas darbo užmokestis, nuobodulys darbovietėje bei kerštas dėl patirto neteisingumo daro įtaką gamybos įmonės darbuotojų nesąžiningo elgesio pasireiškimui darbovietėje. The article analyses factors of dishonest behaviour, its manifestation in the workplace and the results of a pilot study on employee dishonesty carried out in a manufacturing company. The factors of dishonest behavior are analysed theoretically. The research was done using a questionnaire, prepaired by Taartu University about dishonest behavior in the workplace. Dishonest behaviour has been researched in the fields of medicine and education, but still poor investigation has been made in manufacturing companies of Lithuania. The survey results have displayed that three influential factors – boredom, low pay and revenge to injustice – have impact on employee dishonest behavior in the workplace.
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Straipsnyje nagrinėjami vaikų darželių kokybės vertinimo ypatumai taikant Kano modelį. Analizuojama patraukliosios kokybės teorija, atskleidžiami ikimokyklinio ugdymo kokybės užtikrinimo aspektai, pateikiama vaikų darželių klientų lūkesčių analizė. The article analyses the peculiarities of the assessment of kindergartens service quality using Kano model. The theory of Attractive Quality is examined, the issues of preschool education quality assurance are revealed, and the analysis of expectations of kindergartens’ customers are provided.
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Straipsnyje analizuojami reklaminės žinutės šaltinio įtakos reklamos efektyvumui teoriniai aspektai. Reklama yra viena dažniausių marketingo komunikacijos priemonių, todėl reklamos efektyvumo didinimas tampa siektinu daugelio organizacijų tikslu, padedančiu įgyvendinti marketingo komunikacijos tikslus. Kadangi reklaminės žinutės šaltinis yra vienas svarbiausių reklamos elementų, straipsnio tikslu tapo teorinio reklaminės žinutės šaltinio įtakos reklamos efektyvumui modelio sukūrimas. Siekiant straipsnio tikslo, atlikta mokslinės literatūros analizė ir sintezė. Atlikus tyrimą, nustatyti veiksniai, kuriems reklaminės žinutės šaltinis daro įtaką – sąlygoja reklamos efektyvumą, bei sudarytas teorinis reklaminės žinutės šaltinio įtakos reklamos efektyvumui modelis. Theoretical aspects of the impact of advertising source on advertising effectiveness are being analysed in the article. Since advertising is one of the most popular means of marketing communication, increasing the effectiveness of advertising is an object of focus that increases the possibility to achieve the aim of marketing communication. As advertising source is one of the elements of advertisement, the aim of the article is to elaborate the theoretical model of the impact of advertising source on advertising effectiveness. While achieving the aim of the article, the analysis and synthesis of the scientific literature is provided. As a research result, factors influenced by advertising source that impact advertising effectiveness are identified and a theoretical model of the impact of advertising source on advertising effectiveness is elaborated.
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Remiantis tyrimo, kurį atliko straipsnio autoriai, rezultatais, straipsnyje išskiriami atlyginimų struktūros elementai, darantys didžiausią įtaką pardavimo specialistų pasitenkinimui darbu Lietuvoje ir parengtas rekomenduojamas pardavimo specialistų atlyginimų struktūros modelis. As the result of a study conducted by the authors the paper defines the most relevant job satisfaction compensation structure elements, that condition sales managers’ job satisfaction in Lithuania, and suggests a compensation model to improve general job satisfaction.
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Straipsnyje pristatomas naujas asmeninių ir organizacinių vertybių kongruencijos diagnostinis instrumentas, jo sandaros logika ir ekspertinio vertinimo rezultatai. Ekspertinis vertinimas atliktas naudojant standartizuotos apklausos metodą. Remiantis ekspertų vertinimais, nustatyta, kad instrumentas tinkamas asmeninių ir organizacinių vertybių kongruencijos diagnozavimui. The paper introduces a new personal and organizational values congruence diagnostic instrument, its structure and logic and the results of an expert evaluation. The expert evaluation was carried out using a standardized survey method. According to experts, it was found that the instrument is suitable for the personal and organizational values congruence diagnosis.
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Informality in Eastern Europe. Structures, Political Cultures and Social Practices, Interdisciplinary Studies on Central and Eastern Europe Vol. 11, edited by Christian Giordano, Nicolas Hayoz and Jens Herlth.
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