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Intense socio-cultural, economic and technological changes cause changes in the theoretical and practical fields of many scientific disciplines. The aim of the study is to reflect on the opportunities and threats for diagnosis and speech therapy for people with speech and communication disorders. The subject of discussion is the discourse related to the strengths and weaknesses of the hitherto achievements of speech therapy, as a scientific discipline, profession and field of study in view of the challenges of the 21st century. Attention was also paid to the risks to speech therapy prevention associated with globalization and technological innovation.
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Paper recalls importance of basic concepts related to oral cavity, which should be considered as a complete system of muscles and bones. There are discussed relations of muscle functions and structure of dental arches. Particular attention was concentrated on influence of the face muscles’ malfunctions on the shape of dental arches. It was emphasized that face proportions have crucial influence on the oral cavity organs. Especially stressed was importance of structure and function of muscles and dento-skeletal system on articulation of created.
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The author of this article discusses the issue of defrazeologization in dementia, it means the disruptions in realization of phrasal idioms in people with early stage Alzheimer’s dementia, which manifest in transformations of their formal structure (modifying in¬novations) and the semantic structure (semantic modifications). These phraseological innovations should be interpreted as the unconscious modifications resulting from the progressive cognitive dysfunctions of people with dementia. The author of this work presents the preliminary results of research conducted in 2015–2017 on the group of 15 people with early stage Alzheimer’s dementia with application of authorial test of lexical and semantic skills in elderly people with dementia.
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The following paper presents the results of a language test for hearing impaired children. Author’s original research tools were used and 159 children from all over Poland of age ranging from 6 and half to 8 years were examined. Speech understanding and speaking abilities were diagnosed. Alternative methods of communication have also been considered. The Author determined what internal and external factors affect the language skills of hearing impaired children.
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The article is devoted to diagnosing and streamlining the respiratory function in speech-therapy proceedings. A respiration is one of primal activities with regard to the speech,and its evaluation constitutes the integral part of the speech-therapy examination. Thecorrect way of the respiration is an essential condition of the appropriate vocal emission,of saying. In the article the ways of the diagnosis and therapy of the respiratory function(of its different aspects) applied by the speech therapists were presented both at childrenas well as at adult patients.
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The assumption of this study was the characterization of verbal fluency in vascular dementia. The verbal fluency test was used for the tests. The experimental group included 42 people. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the research material was made. Problems with verbal fluency have been described: formal and categorial in patients with vascular dementia in the light, middle and deep degree.
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Piercing of different parts of human body is a phenomenon that can be met in medical practices of doctors of almost all specialties. Piercing cannot be considered harmless and people with oral piercing are a risk group of nourishment and respiratory activities disorders and articulation deterioration. Research results presented in the article prove the existence of “piercing dyslalia”. As a result of gathered material analysis it was also noted that orofacial group disorder can lead into new movements of compensatory character, including parafunctions. Oral piercing can cause abnormal habits of breathing and eating, which are important for the quality of articulation.
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Supervision is a method of work to help a therapist to deal with the challenges that arisein his work and increase the quality of his services by working with himself. This methodhas so far been reserved in Poland for psychologists. However, taking into consideration problems and burdens at the therapist’s work, it is nowadays noticeable that the speech therapists also need to apply this method. The article will present the results of own research carried out on a group of 95 speech therapists focusing on the problems, alsothose psychological, arising in the work with a patient or cooperation with carer. Theanalysis presented in the article contains the answer to the question whether supervision, which is a kind of support for a practicing therapist, is needed and should also beintroduced for speech therapists.
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Phonic gestures are a communication tool and a regulator of social relationships, and their meaning depends on the intention of the sender, which is understood in a particular consituation. In speech therapy every subject performs them: a speech therapist, a parent/carer, a patient. The performed research proved that phonic gestures of various kinds are employed very effectively by kindergarten children. Owing to sonic mimic movements, they build their dialogues, shape and perfect communication skills, very effectively communicate with their environment, express themselves in the course of various communication processes based on a word and/or non-standard verbal elements. Learning to consciously apply signs that act audibly is an important part of (self)reflection of a speech therapist who prepares a little patient for the full and active participation in linguistic interaction.
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The author describes functional disorders of the mouth, throat and larynx after oncological treatment of head and neck cancer. This work presents the significance of the location for undertaking the appropriate speech therapy and the therapy schedule and its most important assumptions. Interdisciplinary treatment of head and neck cancer leads to improved prognosis and survival of patients. However, radical treatment is associated with a significant reduction in the quality of life. In order to obtain the maximum improvement in the quality of life of patients, it is crucial to start speech therapy and physiotherapy during the treatment and continue it after its completion.
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The speech and language disorders of children caused by trauma and/or malfunction of CNS are currenttly an important issue in the Polish logopedic. The disorders can have developmental or acquired form. The most researches report about developmental disorders. Speech and language therapy practice shows that symptomps are of aphasic character, such as difficulty in updating the correct word, paraphasias. In the paper I would like to present my own research project. The main objective is the comparison of the level of language competence of children and youth with structural or functional changes in the brain. The key issue is the time of occurrence of a pathogenic agent: before and during language acquisition or after the patients learn the basics of language. The project is also about linguistic and non-linguistic behavior conditioned by the changes and their location in the brain.
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The need to communicate with others is one of the most important mental needs of people. Children with selective mutism want to communicate with others but they are unable to do it. Selective mutism is the condition that does not disappear spontaneously, therefore it is necessary to provide children and their families with the therapeutic treatment as early as possible. The most important thing to do is to increase self-confidence of children, among others by trying to help them overcome their fear of verbal contact or any other anxiety that makes that contact difficult. There is no single therapeutic strategy or procedure in the treatment of children with selective mutism because of the specificity of this condition and its complex etiology.
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The article describes some relations between the central nervous system and language usage by a multiple system atrophy patient. It shows some complex sources of speech processes found in multiple system atrophy in reference to speaking without any disorders. It characterises some speech disorders and term them. This article emphasises a great importance of diagnosis of speech defects and shows some steps made by the author in a complex diagnostic process. The article doesn’t ignore some theoretical issues based on the results presented by speech therapists, podiatrists, neurologists, otolaryngologists over the years.
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“Voice is an extension of a person; reflection of their personality”. It is believed, that voice is just an action of muscles and organs, but we must remember, that it is shaped with our personality, character, temperament and emotions. Everybody has their own level of sensitivity, which is determined to some extent genetically as well as socially. High sensitivity is not bad, unless it does affect negatively on our functioning. In recent years there have been diagnosed adaptive disorders under stress, which applied to large group of patients with personality profile called “very sensitive”. Occupational voice disorders are noted as considerable social problem. It is related to the development of civilization, omnipresent stress and problems that arise from neuromuscular mechanisms within the vocal organs. Most exposed to the larynx diseases and their effects are people, who are supposed to use their voices excessively, e.g. singers, teachers, academic lecturers, radio and tv journalist, politicians, priests, lawyers. The purpose of the paper is to present characteristics of disfunction of vocal organs based on personal experiences of some very sensitive individuals. It is preceded by short consideration on emotional sensitivity, negative influence of stress, as well as by a brief description of vocal disorders.
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Abstract: The aim of the article is to employ the category of treason, which is relatively seldom used in literary studies, in discussing Czesław Miłosz’s approach to the work of two very different poets, namely Philip Larkin and Robinson Jeffers. The charges of treason were brought against Larkin by Miłosz in his angry rejection of the Englishman’s poetry, which he saw as a betrayal of human values. My intention is to show that Miłosz’s reading of Larkin’s work is highly subjective and patently biased. The most egregious examples of his prejudice against Larkin is a short poem “Against the Poetry of Philip Larkin”, which is little more than a hurried dismissal of his work and worldview. My ambition is to try to redress the balance by identifying and exposing the prejudices and hostilities which shape Miłosz’s interpretation of Larkin’s poetry. While the poet from Hull never fails to be censured by Miłosz for his alleged misanthropy, the majestic verse of Jeffers’s identification with nature meets with far more understanding and appreciation, though – as I try to prove in this essay – the American poet’s was really a poetry of treason and defection to the enemy. I contend that Jeffers betrayed humanity by willful desertion of human vantage point and observing the baffling follies of mankind from the perspective of inhuman nature.
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