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The article focuses on the issue of art and politics during the years of'stagnation'. It offers analyses that indicate how the social body was represented in Lithuanian paintings of the 1970s. Painters of this period began to represent reality through specific signs of the social environment, i.e. through attributes of daily life, as it were a 'close up' of the body in society. The generation of painters that emerged in the early 1970s appropriated the principles of the expressive visual language of the 1960s; it tended to reject abstract, metaphorical representations of man and reality. Images of the body, banal objects and public space — these were the elements that became central to their painting; they often expressed problematic psycho-physiological and social-individual experiences. Artists often chose images and techniques that revealed their negative views of'post-totalitarian society' (Vaclav Havel's term) and highlighted the complex status of the subject in the Soviet system. The article analyzes the work of two young artists of the 1970s, Algimantas Kuras (b. 1940) and Arvydas Saltenis (b. 1944), as an example of social critique and the intermingling of both resistance and conformation in Soviet painting. Representations of banal objects in the paintings of the 1970s, especially those by Kuras, replaced culturally significant symbols characteristic of earlier Lithuanian art which privileged things as signs of private space. Unlike the case in post-industrial Western art, things were not perceived as objects of critique or as fetishes of the society of the 'spectacle'; in Lithuanian painting, they were both a continuation and a sign of the subject's psychic reality. Paintings that represented decrepit and discarded things, and emphasized marks of deterioration and disintegration, embodied a capacious metaphor of entropy and 'frozen' time which expressed the socio-psychological sensibilities turned into visual signs that served to establish the romantic character of an abstract image. Critique of reality in Kuras and Saltenis manifests itself through abject representations of the body in 'dirty' or shameful situations. Instances of clearly expressed opposition of the individual and the system are absent; however, psychical margins of individual reality and a communal, de-privatised aspect of Soviet life begin to emerge in the work of the two painters. Traumatic images of the private, brought into the public sphere, are followed by representations of public space seen as the site of the subjects drama. The narrative of daily life dominates in Saltenis' work; it is created by depicting specific scenes of public life in the city where the subject experiences extreme situations of alienation.
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This article analyses certain aspects of Soviet design policy, including the role that design was expected to play in promoting Soviet (and also Lithuanian) technical progress and the imbalances that this emphasis created in the material realities of Soviet Lithuanian society. Forms of Soviet industrial design or, more precisely, technical esthetics are explored here as part of the Lithuanian Soviet economy. It is thus possible to identify various approaches (and efforts) pursued in developing technical esthetics in its many component parts, an approach that led to the creation of different environmental designs for living, work and leisure. The specific features of the designs created, and thus also of the surrounding environment, reveal the diverse modes of existence of Soviet man.
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In this article the author attempts to show that in contemporary business ethics discourse the individual's moral value is subordinated to the value system of the organization. The foundation of the individual's moral value in business ethics depends on the foundation of the organizational network. For this reason the article discusses the stakeholder theory where power relationships play a role. The individual is seen through the lens of instrumental and technological management. Hu¬man resource management regards the individual as human capital and as an asset, thus he or she is subordinated to the goals of the company/organization. The author sees some danger in this subordination, as was the case in the Nazi totalitarian regime. Although the article makes clear that contemporary business ethics is a product of de¬mocracy, nevertheless this discipline of subordination is seen as a possible ethical panopticum. The danger of institutionalized ethics is discussed in the article; virtue ethics is introduced as a possible alternative.
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On the first of September 1939> as World War II began, millions of Poland's citizens became victims of the disaster and cruelty of war. In that situation, thousands of refugees chose Lithuania as the safest haven. The absolute majority of refugees were persons of Polish and Jewish nationality. Numerous refugees, mostly of Polish nationality, became members of underground organizations which directed their activities against Germany, the Soviet Union and in some cases against Lithuania. TTiey had close contacts with foreign embassies and consulates in Kaunas, at the time the provisional capital of Lithuania, a small town by comparison with other European capitals. Twenty-one consulates or embassies of foreign countries worked in the (owns compact central area. Here the interests of many countries, Great Britain, France, Japan, the Soviet GPU and the Gestapo intertwined. Lithuania, and mostly Kaunas, was at that time an important link in the espionage networks that spread from Lisbon to Tokyo. There was a local „Rick's Cafe"; it is here that discussions about visas took place. The world famous Japanese consul Ch. Sugihara and the Dutch consul J.Zwartendijk, who together issued some 6000 life saving visas, had their quarters in Kaunas.
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Grounded theory has not usually been associated with the extensive use of visual data. The author of the paper wants to present a basic introduction to methodological concepts and procedures, which allow researchers to incorporate visual data in their analyses while designing their research projects within the framework of grounded theory. The author also discusses the different approaches of visual data analysis that use the name of grounded theory but do not in fact perform the analysis according to its basic principles. At the outset, the author describes some inspirations that have come from a few researchers who have used the visual data in constructing theories in the grounded theory methodology style of analysis. The status of visual data and a methodological model of visual data analysis in grounded theory (multislice imagining) is also described. The multislice imagining is a grammar of visual narrations analysis that accents the following stages: a) an act of creating pictures and images (analysis of context of creation); b) participation in demonstrating/communicating visual images; c) the visual product, its content and stylistic structure; d) the reception of an “image” and visual aspects of presenting/ representing something. Next, procedures of analyzing the visual data to generate categories on visual processes (transcription, open coding and memo writing) are presented. The presentation is based on examples from the author’s two research projects on a visualization of yoga practice and on a visualization of homelessness. The author also presents a selective coding of visual cases and empirical materials together with theoretical memo examples and comparative analysis. The last described procedure is a theoretical sampling indicating how and where to look for visual data to generate the properties of the category. The paper will end with conclusions and some remarks on future prospects of visual grounded theory.
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In the last issue of the Revija za sociologiju, Mirko Petrić (2011) drew attention to the limitations associated with the recent bibliometric analysis of the international productivity of Croatian sociologists (Štulhofer, Baćak, and Šuljok, 2010).His thorough, although tendentious, contextualization is important to view the bibliometric data from a more comprehensive perspective.
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Starting from the assumption that atheism as a personal conviction – in a similar way to religious belief – may appear in different forms, the basic aim of this paper was to verify the hypothesis on the existence of 7 different types of atheists, which resulted with preliminary scientific survey research conducted in 2008th on a stratified proportional quota sample (N = 353) of students at the University of Zagreb. The research has shown that it is possible to talk about 5 types of atheists: rational type, positivistic type, anti-theist type, fatalist type and admirer of force majeure. The rational type is absolutely convinced in the absence of God and believes that religion is a set of meaningless settings and logical inconsistencies. The positivistic type blindly believes in science. He/she also believes that science will one day explain the meaning of all existing. The anti-religious oriented atheist or anti-theist type is not even interested in cognitive issues, or in questions of meaning; instead, he/she is primarily interested in the personal social environment. This type usually spends time with atheists, considering them more intelligent than believers. The fatalist type is neither a classic atheist nor a believer. Instead of faith in God, this type is prone to another kind of belief. He/she believes in fate and he/she looks for answers in horoscopes and similar sources of alternative explanations of his/her own life and the lives of people around him. The admirer of force majeure is a cognitive relativist, a believer in the existence of force majeure. The only type determined in the research which is considered to be a “real” atheist is – the rational atheist. All others are merely different types of alternative believers.
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Zrinjka Peruško (ur.). Uvod u medije. Zagreb: Naklada Jesenski i Turk, Hrvatsko sociološko društvo, 2011, 361 str.
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The main question raised in the paper is whether the social consequences of the “transition to capitalism” (increased social and economic stratification, the absence of a social consensus on desirable social values, etc.) has had an impact on the modernization-related lag of Croatian society at value level. In an attempt to find an answer to this question, the authors investigated the compatibility of value orientations of secondary school pupils socialised during the transition period in Croatia with value types typical for the Inglehart model of value modernization, including the differences related to gender and the regional developmental level. The investigation of value orientations was carried out on a representative, stratified sample of 3471 pupils from two Croatian counties (Lika-Senj and Primorje-Gorski Kotar). The hierarchy of the tested values and their factorial structure were examined, followed by an investigation of specific regional and gender-related differences using two-way analysis of variance. The results show that pupils socialised in the transition period in Croatia accept a wide range of value orientations, which supports the hypothesis that modernization processes in this period have taken place on several qualitative levels. Testing of the significance of the differences between various sub-groups (region x gender) showed that developmental factors affect the transformation of value-related attitudes of youth, but also that the culturally mediated effect of gender relativises the impact of developmental factors. The authors ascribe this situation to the permanent relevance of gender divisions in the society, which have not decreased in importance even under the circumstances of modern social changes.
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The present study focuses on variations in attributional style among high achieving adolescents, in relation with gender and level of achievement. The sample included 113 Romanian high school students, who completed an adapted version of Attributional Style Questionnaire (ASQ). Results suggest that gifted girls tend to display an internal, stable and global attributional style, which leads to a self-effacing attributional pattern. High achieving boys show similar attribution patterns, with a more positive tendency. Although differences among the four subgroups are inconsistent, the findings suggest a disadvantaging attributional style in both high achieving boys and high achieving girls.
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La Média s’est transformé du censeur des abus sociaux dans un moyen de manipulation de la population. La média présente l’agressivité dans un mode qui encourage la violence au milieu des enfants. Les recherches entre reprisés ont démontré que la média influence le développement des attitudes des processus psychique et des interactions que l’enfant développe dans son milieu privé. Il est nécessaire d’améliorer les mesurés et les méthodes dédiées à l’étude de l’effet que le média a sur le développement des enfants. De nombreuses études expérimentales ont soutenu un corrélation entre le comportement agressif de l’enfant et le contenu violent diffusé par le média. Tenant compte de l’hypothèse de l’exposition sélective les enfants avec une prédisposition psychologique et biologique vers un comportement agressif sont attirés par le programme Télé à un contenu chargé de violence.
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The study investigates the effects of adapted computer program on training the verbal comprehension at students with hearing impairment. Participants: 10 students with different degrees of hearing impairment were pre-tested for verbal comprehension with an adapted vocabulary scale. The following 10 sessions of computer-assisted training offered an alternative method of learning. Final results revealed that further stimulating and developing of verbal comprehension for students with hearing impairment can be achieved by diversifying the topics approached in schools through alternative methods and materials.
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During his entire life, a people have a lot of social relationships, based of the social communication process. The social communication is a form of total communication process and has specific manifestations related to ages, gender, social experience, etc. Therefore, I have made an investigation, on 40 Romanian preadolescents with mental deficiencies. Our investigation has had the following goal: to reveal some features of social communication process at preadolescents with mental deficiencies. The psychodiagnosis instruments that have been used on this research are: The Social Conversation Questionnaire that has been created for Romanian mental deficiencies pupils by R. Urea in 2008, The Zazzo test of similarities, The verbal associations test. The results that came through have revealed at people with mental deficiencies some features of, of social conversation level, of verbal functional activism, of flexibility of social communication. Our conclusions allowed us to create an important set of psychological test that can be use in differential psychodiagnosis process.
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This article deals with the life and activity (didactic, scientific and publicistic) of Ananie Fărcaş, assistant professor, former member of Pedagogy Department at “Victor Babeş”/”Babeş-Bolyai” University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, who for 30 years had been an expert in general pedagogy as well as in the history of Romanian education in Transylvania.
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In this article there are presented the experiences valorized after a study on stimulating the creativity of the primary school students with ADHD through activities of composing. In the last decade there have become visible the Romanian school efforts for adaptation in order to ensure the respect of the right to education for all children and to equalize their chances of success. The integration of the students with ADHD syndrome can be realized successfully if it is adopted by a complex committee made up of special psycho-pedagogues, pedagogues/teachers, doctors, kinetotherapists, who should work in close relation with the family. Hyperactivity and attention deficit are two different characteristics of the syndrome, which are often found simultaneously at the same subject, but can also exist one without the other.
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The major aim (goal) of this didactic research is the role of continuous evaluation on the two experimental classes focused on learning “The Saturated Hydrocarbon Alkanes”. The didactic investigation was preceded by an initial test having the role to diagnose the level of the students and the differences that persist between the two classes. As a result of the initial test, each class was divided into two groups, teaching being done differentially. The investigation (research) took into the consideration two progress tests, one for each group and a final test. The results of the experiment, the analysis and the interpretation of the four evaluation tests were interpreted drawing the histogram of the Gauss Curve showing the students ’ progress, which has been the hypothesis of this didactic research. The heuristic strategies used in the experiment are made to assure that the learning is focused on the student ( the student is in the centre ). Thus the student will be able to become professional, to improve his knowledges.
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