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One of the important questions of 16th and 17th-century Hungarian military history is how deeply Turkish forces of the age could penetrate into the country. After studying the issue, Géza Perjés came up with his widely disputed radius of action theory. And even though the debate it generated decades ago was about a geographically determined phenomenon of military history, geographical considerations were missing from the arguments at the time. The paper focuses on these issues by describing first the spread of the geographical ele-ment in military affairs and military historiography and then by explaining why Géza Perjés could not use geographical arguments in the debate. Then, drawing on Clausewitz’s military theory, it proves the geographic determination of the Turkish invasion, and con-cludes that the radius of action of the Turkish army in the 16th and 17th centuries was bor-dering right on Buda and the inner axis of defence formed by the mountains.
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