"ЦРВЕНИ ТОЧАК" АЛЕКСАНДРА СОЛЖЕЊИЦИНА И ЊЕГОВА „РЕХАБИЛИТАЦИЈА” СТОЛИПИНА

Author(s): Zoran Bajin / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1-2/2007

Although his world glory came with „The Gulag Archipelago”, „The Red Wheel” has to be considered magnum opus of the famous Russian writer Alexander Solzhenitsyn. In this colossal work, divided in the four „knots” (the detailed accounts of relatively brief periods), Solzhenitsyn presents his own view on the revolution of 1917, derived from his lasting and patient researches of historical evidence. A considerable part of the fi rst „knot” of „The Red Wheel”, „August 1914”, is devoted to Peter Stolypin, the Russian Prime Minister (1906–1911), whom Solzhenitsyn admires with great intensity and, occasionally, lack of reserve. In contrast with the Soviet and partly in contrast with the Western historiography, Solzhenitsyn emphasizes the positive sides of Stolypin’s controversial statesmanship. He staunchly defends Stolypin’s method of using courts martial in his war against the revolutionary terrorism as inevitable and necessary. Surprisingly, Solzhenitsyn mostly respects Stolypin’s agrarian reform which authorized peasants to leave the anachronistic land communes: although he could be regarded as belonging to the Slavophile tradition of the 19th century, he rejects the ideal of land commune that Slavophiles uncritically admired.

IN MEMORIAM - Др Десанка ПЕШИЋ , Др Олга ПОПОВИЋ-ОБРАДОВИЋ

Author(s): Latinka Perović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1-2/2007

ЈУГОСЛОВЕНСКО-ЕГИПАТСКИ ВОЈНИ ОДНОСИ 1953–1956.

Author(s): Aleksandar Životić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1-2/2007

Immediately after the military revolution in 1952 the Egyptian state and society experienced deep political, economic, social and military reforms. Within the framework of the general reform, the revolutionary government paid special attention to increasing its military clout. Since the Western powers refused to sell arms to Egypt on account of its confl ict with Great Britain over the withdrawal of troops from the zone of the Suez Canal, and since no closer contacts were established with the Soviet Union and its allies, Yugoslavia tried to sell products of its military industry in the Egyptian market, as well as the obsolete weaponry and military equipment from the WWII which didn’t seem to be fi t for further use. The military cooperation between Yugoslavia and Egypt was ushered by the visit of an Egyptian delegation in Yugoslavia in August 1953. A productive, albeit one-sided military and technical cooperation started to bear fi rst fruits by the end of that year. By the end of the Suez crisis, during which the military cooperation took another turn, Yugoslavia managed to export to Egypt larger quantities of infantry and anti-tank weapons with corresponding ammunition, ex plosives, raw materials necessary for arms industry, ships and equipment necessary for upkeep of these articles. Attempts were made at lending Yugoslav technical support for building up Egyptian military industry. In late 1954 military delegations were established in Cairo and Belgrade. As special means of military propaganda an exhibition of photographs and show of fi lms about the Yugoslav People’s Army were organized in Egypt. Education of Egyptian military personnel started since 1955. The level the military relations between Yugoslavia and Egypt have reached was just a beginning of much broader and more dynamic military ties between the two countries in the following decades.

УПОТРЕБА ПРЕДСТАВЕ О ИРСКОЈ РЕВОЛУЦИЈИ У СРПСКО-ХРВАТСКИМ СПОРОВИМА 1919–1923.

Author(s): Aleksandar Raković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1-2/2007

Croatian Committee in exile and adherents of the ultra-nationalist Frank’s party in Yugoslavia were bracing up to combat the Yugoslav state in the 1920s according to the method that was called „Irish”. The catchword of Croatian revolutionaries was to be Sinn Fein. Apart from applying the Irish method, the Croat territory was also inspired by the Irish political way of solving the national question. During 1921 and in the fi rst half of 1922 the Croat Peasants’ Party,Croat Union, and the Croat Block deemed that the Irish example for solving the Croat national question was better suited than any other. The reactions of Serbian and Yugoslav parties aimed at denying the parallels between the Croat and Irish questions, whereas seldom threats to Croat separatists were heard from the Democratic Party that the British way of armed struggle would be applied to crush the sedition. The British Embassy in Belgrade noticed that the Croats were trying to solve their national question in the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes according to the Irish model and it notifi ed its government in London.

ПРОСТИТУЦИЈА У ЧАЧКУ ТОКОМ XX ВЕКА

Author(s): Miloš Timotijević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1-2/2007

Organized prostitution in Čačak appeared in local cafés in late 19th and early 20th centuries. Waitresses were also prostitutes. The town government newer gave permission for a real brothel to be opened although such attempts were not lacking. When prostitution was effectively outlawed by regulations against transmission of venereal diseases in 1930, prostitutes in Čačak were occasionally arrested, forced to undergo medical examinations and expelled from the town. Street prostitution wasn’t rife, but it did exist. The collapse of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and German occupation didn’t oust prostitution from Čačak. The occupying authorities only issued the decree in summer 1941 that girls under 18 be removed from brothels. When the communists briefl y controlled the town during the uprising, they installed prostitutes in hospitals as auxiliary personnel. This was then used by the quisling press to write about „debauchery” of the partisans in Čačak. After 1945 prostitution was offi cially banned, but it survived illegally, in the form of pimping at private homes, and later on in cafés. In early 1970s particularly prostitution of minors was on the rise, whereas customers were „respectable” citizens. At the same time, pornography, being an indirect way of buying female bodies, experienced speedy increase. Prostitutes from abroad came to Čačak in late 20th century, whereas increasing number of local girls evinced open hedonism and sexual relations for material gains, which were in fact prostitution.

ПИСМА ВЛАДИМИРА ЋОРОВИЋА УПУЋЕНА ТИХОМИРУ Р. ЂОРЂЕВИЋУ

Author(s): Svetlana Mirčov / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1-2/2007

РЕЛИГИОЗНОСТ УЧЕНИКА ЗАВРШНИХ РАЗРЕДА ОСНОВНИХ ШКОЛА У ЧАЧАНСКОМ КРАЈУ: АНКЕТНО ИСПИТИВАЊЕ ИЗ 1985. ГОДИНЕ

Author(s): Miloš Timotijević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1-2/2007

JUGOSLOVANSKO-ITALIJANSKA POGAJANJA O DOKONČNOSTI MEJE

Author(s): Viljenka Škorjanec / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 1-2/2007

ПОСЕТА ЈОСИПА БРОЗА ТИТА ЧЕХОСЛОВАЧКОЈ МАРТА 1946. ГОДИНЕ

Author(s): Milan P. Sovilj / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1-2/2007

Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia found their place within the complex political situation during the fi rst years after WWII in forging mutual ties with the „people’s democracies”, countries of South-Eastern and Eastern Europe which were under the infl uence of the Soviet Union. Diplomatic contacts and visits played an important role in such interconnecting and eternal looking up to the big power from the East. One such visit was that of Josip Broz Tito to the Czechoslovak Republic on March 20 to 24, 1946. The stay in Czechoslovakia enabled Marshal Tito and the Yugoslav delegation to get acquainted with the Czechoslovak culture, tradition and customs, and to lay foundations for further development of relations between Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia in their talks with Czechoslovak statesmen. During the four-day visit Marshal Tito visited most of the important historical places and cultural monuments in Prague, assisted at cultural manifestations and military parades, visited well-known Czechoslovak factories and held speeches to the people of Prague and Bratislava. One of the fruits of the agreement of the Yugoslav and Czechoslovak offi cials was the signing of the Treaty of Friendship and Mutual Cooperation in Belgrade on May 9, 1946, which hitched up the existing cooperation to a higher level. Connecting of Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia and regulating of international relations through legal acts, which followed in 1946 and 1947, meant at the same time the establishing of good relations in all other fields: economy, trade, science, culture and arts.

БИОГРАФИЈЕ У СРПСКОЈ ИСТОРИОГРАФИЈИ

Author(s): Mira Radojević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1-2/2007

Until recently, biographies as a historical genre, were much more present in the world than in Serbian historiography. Thanks to its development, better knowledge of the modern historiographical streams and better insight into the rich theoretical and methodological literature, improvements occurred in this fi eld during the past one or two decades. Many historical personages, above all those who left a deep imprint in the history of the Serbian people, but also those whose creative life was spent in shade, became subjects of research. Starting from the experiences of foreign researchers, as well as from quite rich experiences of the national historiography, historians started using biographies, not only to save valuable individuals from oblivion, but also to start talking in a different way about the times those people had lived in, the ideas that guided them, and intellectual and political circles they had mingled with. Achieving such knowledge is in the first place hindered by often scanty historical sources, but also by personal limitations. It is often diffi cult for a historian to grasp the magnitude of historical changes, exempting his hero from collectiveness of events, feelings, ups and downs of a nation. Furthermore, biography – allowing for „artistic license”, requires particular delicacy toward other people’s privacy, as well as an excellent author capable of creating a convincing portrait to which other scholarly disciplines, particularly psychology and sociology, must contribute.

НАБАВКА ВАЗДУХОПЛОВНОГ МАТЕРИЈАЛА ИЗ ЧЕХОСЛОВАЧКЕ ЗА ПОТРЕБЕ ВАЗДУХОПЛОВСТВА ВОЈСКЕ И МОРНАРИЦЕ КРАЉЕВИНЕ ЈУГОСЛАВИЈЕ

Author(s): Dragan Aleksić,Nebojša Đokić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1-2/2007

The air-forces of the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes were mostly equipped with French types of combat air-craft in the fi rst years after WWII. The same tendency existed until the end of 1920s, although the Air-Force Command strove, whenever possible, to organize production of franchised French plains in the country. Practically all fi ghter-planes, bombers, and reconnoitering planes (so-called war or combat planes) and large number of training planes in the Air-Forces’ arsenal, were French made or franchised until mid-1930s. However, from 1929 to WWII, there were no new acquisitions from France, with Yugoslavia only producing with French franchise previously ordered French planes. The reason for interruption in acquisitions of French aircraft between 1927 and 1937 was the fact that French constructors made no important project. According to the general opinion, French plains were in those years not only much inferior to the British or American ones, but also to the Czechoslovak and Polish ones. The Kingdom of Yugoslavia bought very few aircraft in that period, except for domestic training planes and already ordered planes made under French license. The total of 73 plains and hydro-planes of foreign construction was ordered, 45 of them (62%) of Czechoslovak, 15 (20%) of German and some 13 (18%) of British construction. The Czechoslovak domination of the Yugoslav market was ended in the second half of 1930s when the new generation of fi ghter-planes (Hurricanes, ME-109) and bombers (DO-17, Blenheim) of British and German made appeared.

ДВА АУСТРИЈСКА ДОКУМЕНТА О СИТУАЦИЈИ У ЈУГОСЛАВИЈИ 1950–1955

Author(s): Petar Dragišić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1-2/2007

ПРОБЛЕМ ЦИТИРАЊА ЕЛЕКТРОНСКИХ ИНФОРМАЦИЈА

Author(s): Slobodan Mandić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1-2/2007

Living and working in contemporary digital environment is inevitably marked by growing impact of informational technologies in each segment of society. Internet expansion, as the largest global informational resource, and the digital revolution that took place in the last decade of the XX century, besides opening, by that time inconceivably large opportunities in the fi eld of research, also brought up numerous problems concerning the application of new technologies in historical research. The subject of this article is the problem of quoting electronic information, a problem that a growing number of our researchers face each day. We are trying to explain, as simple as possible, what the problems that historians inevitably face when quoting electronic sources and literature are. There are, also, suggestions about how to quote, followed by pertinent examples. We pointed out at the new types of historical sources (e-mail, forums, discussion lists, electronic conferences, public comments, blogs). Suggestions are made on how to quote such sources. Avoiding taking given suggestions as fi nal and only valid, we advise historians to be consistent and to stick to one chosen way of quoting, as well as to be ready to take challenges that contemporary historiography faces.

ПОКУШАЈ СТВАРАЊА ЈЕЗГРА ЧЕХОСЛОВАЧКЕ ЕМИГРАЦИЈЕ У ЈУГОСЛАВИЈИ НАКОН СОВЈЕТСКЕ ОКУПАЦИЈЕ ЧЕХОСЛОВАЧКЕ У АВГУСТУ 1968. ГОДИНЕ

Author(s): Jan Pelikán / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1-2/2007

An infl uential group of members of the Czechoslovak government, that happened to be in Yugoslavia at the moment of Czechoslovakia’s occupation, was staying in Belgrade between August 21 and 29, 1968. O. Šik, J. Hájek, F. Vlasák and F. Gašparik tried to form the core of a future Czechoslovak emigration in Belgrade. The attitude of the Yugoslav leaders toward this group was ambivalent. In unoffi cial talk’s Šik and others won sympathies of all the leading members of the Yugoslav oligarchy; they were granted the possibility to act in public (press conference, help for the Foreign Minister Hájek for organizing his trip to the session of the Security Council of the OUN). However, the real help was minimal. Tito’s regime feared above all what Moscow’s reaction would be. Thus, for instance, Šik’s request to establish special coded contacts with Prag was denied. After the so-called Moscow Protocol had been signed, the Yugoslav regime wanted the members of the Czechoslovak government to return home as soon as possible. Hájek, Vlasák and Gašparik left already on August 29. Otto Šik stayed on in Belgrade in a bizarre exile until early October. (He was formally an economic adviser to the Embassy in Belgrade, but he never started working at the Embassy.) The stay of the members of the Czechoslovak government was one of the major reasons for deterioration of relations between Yugoslavia and the USSR after September 1968.

Small Is Beautiful

Author(s): S. Adam Cardais / Language(s): English Issue: 01/06/2009

Making more credit available is vital if Central and Eastern European small businesses are to weather the financial storm.

Is Your Turmoil Like My Turmoil

Author(s): Boyko Vassilev / Language(s): English Issue: 01/06/2009

Greece and Bulgaria have much in common, but similarities between this winter’s demonstrations are only skin deep.

An Inscrutable Squabble

Author(s): Ky Krauthamer / Language(s): English Issue: 01/06/2009

Is the current gas dispute about hard-nosed business, bare knuckles politics, or deep-seated corruption? When Russia cut off gas supplies to Ukraine on 1 January, headlines focused on the dispute over the price of gas and debts that Russia says it is owed by Ukraine for past gas shipments. But were those issues really the crux of the matter?

Uvod

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 5/1999

Ponovno preispitivanje odnosa Istoka i Zapada, koje stoji na vrhu liste prioritetnih pitanja i razviđanja u kontekstu suvremenih svjetskih integracija i globalizirajućih gibanja u svim ključnim poljima života na repu dvadesetoga stoljeća, dimenzija odnosa islama i Zapada je jedan od krunskih obzira bez kojih se rečeni integrativni tokovi i globalizirajuća gibanja, osobito na tlu današnje Evrope, naprosto ne mogu privesti kraju. Odnos islama i Zapada ili stanovito povijesno križanje, u svakom smislu riječi, drevne sinajske masline, karmelske smokve i hidžaske datule danas se iznova postavlja naporedo sa definiranjem novog duhovnog prostora i, jednodobno, novog duhovnog tla na kome će rasti novi religijski i kulturni mladarci suvremenog evropskog humanuma. Tim prije što se rečeni odnos više ne nadaje u svom tradicionalnom smislu i značenju, to jest u smislu suprotstavljenosti dva različita svjetopogleda i dva nepomirljiva i neprijateljska svijeta. Nije više u pitanju odnos Ja kao jedini autentični svijet i onaj Drugi, drukčiji i patvoreni svijet prema kojemu ne vrijedi njegovati druga osjećanja doli ona u kojima orkestrira prijezir, kulturni zazor i religijska nesnošljivost i isključivost. Toga su gotovo u najvećoj mogućoj mjeri svjesni profesor Edward Said u svojim knjigama Orijentalizam i Imperijalizam i kultura, kao i Yoakim Mobarak u svojoj knjizi Istraživanja o kršćanskom mišljenju i islamu u modernom i savremenom dobu, iz kojih donosimo priloge u ovom broju Znakova vremena u smislu dviju koordinata, jedne filozofsko-kulturne i druge teološko-znanstvene, unutar kojih bi setrebala odvijati svekolika profilacija rečenoga odnosa sa strane zapadnjaka koji se bave bilo kojim obzirom islama i njegovim suodnosom sa svijetom evropske religijske kulture i kulture uopće.

Povratak papinskoj politici i islamu

Author(s): Youakim Moubarac / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 5/1999

U poglavlju o papinstvu, a na razini muslimanske politike Svete stolice imamo jedno zanimljivo poglavlje od Leibnica, kojemu bi ovdje više odgovaralo da se zove gledanjem na islamsku religiju unutar općeg okvira razvitka ljudske religioznosti. Zacijelo je značajno vidjeti ovog filozofa kako na samom početku svoje Teodiceje postavlja Muhammeda ne samo u Mojsijevo rodoslovlje, već čak i u ono Isusovo.

Strategii multiculturaliste neliberale decente şi indecente

Author(s): Gabriel Andreescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 4/2010

The paper considers the recent official reactions in several European countries to the German chancellor Angela Merkel’s claim that “Multikulti has failed totally”. It argues that such developments are also the result of the erosion of the institutional and normative strength of fundamental rights and liberties against the principle of “cultural defense”. As this notion is often identified with forms of illiberal multiculturalism, the notion of multiculturalism is itself in danger of being compromised. However, in relation to the canonical definition of multiculturalism one should also consider the multicultural strategies which have so far proved practically useful: cultural and territorial autonomies, educational institutions in minorities’ mother tongues etc. The study shows that, given the demands and the issues raised by the main Romanian minorities, the multicultural strategy may well prove successful in the case of the Hungarian community, though not in the case of Roma.