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Work Ethics
The government says a new labor law will make the country more competitive, but workers see their protections slipping away.
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The government says a new labor law will make the country more competitive, but workers see their protections slipping away.
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Twenty years after an earthquake devastated northwest Armenia, thousands of displaced families are still waiting for a permanent roof over their heads
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As tensions rise over the place of Islam in public life, the authorities scrutinize Kyrgyz madrasas.
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Trenutni međunarodni poredak postojećih državnih granica - povučenih uz tek usputno uvažavanje etničkih i kulturnih želja njihovih naseljenika - je u ovom momentu suštinski istrošen. Nadolazeće snage nacionalizma i kulturnog buđenja su spremne da potvrde svoje postojanje. Države koje nisu u stanju upravljati svojim etničkim manjinama na način koji će zadovoljiti i prošle nepravde i buduće težnje za većim samoopredjeljenjem su osuđene na raspad. Samodefinirane etničke grupe, a ne postojeće nacionalne države, će postati osnovni konstitutivni element budućeg međunarodnog poretka.
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Abu Bakr Muhammad Ibn 'Arabi al-Hatimi at-Tai je rođen 560/1165. u gradu Mursiji na jugu Španije. U islamskom svijetu je bio poznat kao Ibn 'Arabi, aš-Šayh al-Akbar (Doctor maximus) i po pridjevku Muhyuddin ili oživotvoritelj vjere. Njegov svakidašnji život bio je u tolikoj mjeri naglašen duhovnim pregnućem: molitvom, zazivom, usredotočenjem, duhovnim posjetama prijašnjim rodoslovnicima sufijske gnoze i teognostičkim uvidima, tako da i dan-danas nije lahko opisati njegov životopis a da on jednodobno ne predstavlja neku vrstu duhovne biografije nekoliko excellence koja ima nekolikoadigmatičku vrijednost za sve potonje pustolove i tragače za tajanstvenim vrelima žive sufijske gnoze. To je, jednodobno, razlog zbog kojeg Ibn 'Arabijevi biografi još uvijek zaokružuju njegovu duhovnu biografiju, čija punina ovisi o potpunom identificiranju njegova nesvakidašnje razuđenog, ezoterijskog, sufijskog književničkog opusa. Pošto ni dan-danas nije potpuno istražen njegov književni opus, to ni njegova duhovna biografija nije do kraja napisana. Kada taj čin bude do kraja izveden, to će značiti da je do krajnjih granica osvijetljen preširoki i preduboki duhovni obzor ezoterijske tradicije islama kao takve, jer tu tradiciju je, upravo, ovaj mistični filozof iz Andalusa snagom svog vlastitog duhovnog genija i bogatstvom svog književničkog opusa normirao i izveo do potpune sustavnosti, a sam se toj tradiciji nametnuo kao njen neprevazidljivi zasvodni kamen i krunski dovršetak.
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Divanska poezija, kao tok u književnom životu Bošnjaka, trajala je oko četiri stoljeća, Kulminaciju je doživjela u sedamnaestom, a nestala je krajem devetnaestoga stoljeća. Iako je žanrovski pripadala osmanskoj poeziji, ova, nastajala u Bosni, nosi pečat specifičnosti ovoga tla i duha. Ovo pjesništvo je prepoznatljivo po ideji sufizma, koji je stalno prisutan. Rijetke su vrste u kojima je motiv ovozemaljski. U ovom radu pokušali smo na primjerima nekolicine pjesnika pokazati ono što je najkarakterističnije za divansku, odnosno sufijsku poeziju ovoga tla.
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Islam i islamski pokreti su danas, više nego ikada, a naročito u odnosu na nekoliko proteklih stoljeća, prisutni na međunarodnoj sceni. Ovo prisustvo iskristalizirano je u različitim oblicima – antikolonijalnim pokretima, suprotstavljanju zapadnjačkim režimima, suprotstavljanju određenim aspektima prednosti Zapada i njegove kulture u islamskom svijetu, učešću u političkoj sili, organiziranju islamske vlasti itd. Vrhunac ovog trenda može se zapaziti u 80-tim i 90-tim godinama. Ovakva aktivna i svakako pažnje vrijedna prisutnost, iako je najuočljivija u političkom obliku, ima i snažne kulturne odlike. Možemo reći da se prisutnost islama zapravo manifestira u obliku borbenih pokreta i pokreta oživljavanja islama. Prvi, sa ratobornom i neprijateljskom tendencijom i orijentiranošću ka vojnom i političkom polju, postoje i djeluju većinom u Afganistanu, Libanu, Palestini, Alžiru itd., dok drugi imaju više kulturni aspekt i usmjereni su ka oživljavanju temeljnih islamskih vrijednosti koje su zaboravljene tokom vremena. Ovi pokreti za oživljavanje, nakon perioda relativno duge pasivnosti, a kao odgovor na svestrane napade, su mnogo prisutniji nego u prethodnim decenijama i nastoje u vihoru pritisaka modernizma i zapadnjačke civilizacije dati novu definiciju identiteta islamskog društva. Ovakvo dešavanje može se primijetiti u cijelom islamskom svijetu, npr. u Turskoj, Maleziji, BiH, Iranu itd.
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The study intends to contribute to the definition of national minorities in the Romanian law, highlighting the points where domestic regulations do not fully meet Romania’s international commitments. The paper will focus on the limitation of the group of national minorities to those already represented in Parliament, on the condition imposed on organizations willing to represent these minorities to obtain a public utility qualification granted by the Government, as well as on the further requisite proof of “representativeness” in 15 counties.
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Obiect: declaraţii cu caracter discriminatoriu pe baza apartenenţei religioase Limita dintre libertatea de exprimare şi dreptul la demnitate nu poate fi analizată doar în contextul unora dintre aceste principii, omiţându-le pe celelalte. Opinia majoritară nu ţine cont de acest întreg, utilizând doar jurisprudenţa parţială a CEDO. Nici politicienii nu au libertate absolută de exprimare, iar o atenţie deosebită trebuie acordată unor elemente sensibile, cum ar fi religia. În principal, o declaraţie este protejată dacă nu ofensează gratuit, ci contribuie la orice formă de dezbatere publică capabilă de a duce la un progres al relaţiilor umane. Declaraţia care face obiectul petiţiei nu are un astfel de caracter. CD CNCD hotărăşte: fapta prezentată în petiţie reprezintă discriminare conform art. 2 alin. (1) şi art. 15 al O.G. nr. 137/2000, republicată.
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Obiect: atingerea demnităţii pe criteriul apartenenţei la etnia romă Petentul consideră că i s-a încălcat dreptul la demnitate prin afirmaţia făcută de reclamat („ţigan împuţit, leneş, aschimodie”). Faptele sesizate privind reclamatul D.C. reprezintă încălcare a dreptului la demnitate în conformitate cu prevederile art. 15 al O.G. nr. 137/2000, republicată; Reclamatul D.C. se sancţionează cu avertisment.
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While not a plea for cultural relativism, this article will show and discuss the constant evolution of the importance of the concept of cultural diversity at a worldwide scale, within UNESCO, and emphasize the impact that cultural diversity has on the creation, application and observance of public international law. The rationality of such an attempt lies in the contestable character of contemporary international law as a synthesis of different legal cultures. Bearing in mind this reality, the adoption of international legally binding instruments in this field could be considered an evolution, unless suspected of a different aim. The article will analyze, while listing each instrument adopted within UNESCO, if those legally binding instruments were conceived in order to actually protect cultural diversity or to promote and protect certain political and economical interests of the powerful states of world. What are the goals of these instruments? To protect a state’s cultural diversity and then devise a set of common universal values or, rather, to transform the identity of the actors in order for them to consider then that public international law norms are conceived according with their own conceptions of their identity?
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Obiect: afirmaţii cu caracter discriminatoriu la adresa ateilor Petentul - Asociaţia Umanistă din România AUR - arată că declaraţiile deputatului PDL, William Gabriel Brânză conform cărora „Ateii sunt oameni periculoşi” sunt discriminatorii. Afirmaţia „Cei care nu cred în niciun dumnezeu sunt oameni periculoşi” nu reprezintă discriminare potrivit art. 2 al O.G. nr. 137/2000, republicată.
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The natural environment is one of the factors of development activities location. The quality and availability of natural values influences bid prices of flats. The availability of ecosystems of special qualities such as rarity and uniqueness is not a desirable feature for potential buyers. This is due to conservation restrictions, and thus the limited possibilities to use the land for recreational purposes. The most desirable category are the green areas located within the urban structure, which provide the opportunity to combine a sense of communion with nature and relatively unrestricted use of the benefits offered by ecosystems.
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After fife month the special economic zone Kaesong Industrial Complex (KIC) in North Korea was reopened again on 16 September 2013. By this way, it is the last remaining centrepiece of North–South economic cooperation on the Korean peninsula. Established during the period of “Sunshine policy” (1998 – 2007) and opened in 2003 the project was controversial from the first beginning. This article will give an overview about the history of the project explaining its economic importance for both sides and the peaceful development in Korea. While KIC was assumed to strengthen inter-Korean relations, to improve knowledge of North Koreans about market economy, competition and democracy at all, it failed. What remains is a possibility for North Korea to earn money from the South – and for South Korea a possibility to use the cheap labour force of the North. In contrast, all political attempts grasped at nothing. Therefore, also the last remaining relict of this era should be closed down finally.
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Although traditionally the maquiladora industry had succeeded in strengthening the Mexican economic growth, this has been also criticized because their collateral effects not only on environment but also on working conditions of the maquiladora workers. This study has the purpose of deepening the actual understanding of the diverging occupational and safety practices undertaken in the Mexican maquiladora industry by evaluating the Safety and Health Programs in nine Maquiladoras in the cities of Mexicali, Hermosillo, and Nogales. Using the OSHA’s Program Evaluation Profile (PEP) form OSHA-195, this study found evidence that the production patterns in this industry are changing toward a more sustainable system. In this context, the maintaining of safety and health programs has been important to improve working conditions on maquiladoras facilities.
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In situation of economic crisis many countries, for example the United States, members of European Union prepared anti-crisis programs to conduct investments. In most cases, they concentrated on modernization of transport or energy infrastructure. In Poland it would have been presented program “Polish Investments”. The main purposes of the article is presentation of public investments programs and their role in sustainable development.
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The global shift to private transport is impacting on the environment in a number of ways, including increases in vehicle emissions that, in turn, contribute to the major problem of global warming and potential climate change. This suggests a need to improve strategies to encourage greater use of public transport. The aim of this study is to explore which aspects of public transport might be perceived as reducing its popularity, and which might act as motivators to increase its use. In order to act as a motivator, a positive characteristic must be both believed to be true of public transport and viewed as an important issue by individuals. In contrast, negative characteristics that are viewed as important are likely to act as deterrents to the use of public transport. A questionnaire was used to determine the views of Omani school and university students about such characteristics. Comfort, safety and short journey time were viewed as important, but these characteristics were believed to be inferior for public transport. Surprisingly in a country where new, large and expensive private vehicles are common, the social status associated with using different forms of transport was seen as less important, and few respondents believed that using public transport was socially embarrassing. There were some differences in the responses of male and female respondents, with more females than males viewing comfort, safety and convenience in terms of travelling at preferred times as important. From an eco-centric perspective, although many respondents viewed it as important that personal transport should not exacerbate global warming, only half believed that public transport could make a contribution here. Many of Oman’s public transport issues are structural, but education may still have a part to play in encouraging the use of public transport. (Throughout the article we use 'private transport' to mean cars and 'personal transport' to mean transport of persons (i.e. buses or cars)).
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Review of "Cele mai vechi Upanişade", Brhadaranyaka-Upanishad, Chandogya-Upanishad, vol. I, translation from sanskrit, introductive study, Bucureşti, Editura Ştiinţifică, Collection Bibliotheca Orientalis, 1993. ISBN 973-44-0084-3, 238 p.
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_ La dispute autour des sources orientales de la philosophie grecque a déjà une longue et sinueuse histoire. Les positions prises dans le cadre de cette polémique épuisent, pratiquement, toutes les variantes logiquement possibles, et la richesse des arguments et des matériaux apportés dans la discussion réclame, à celui qui veut se faire une idée concernant le fond du problème, un bon but de temps. Mais le problème a suscité plutôt l'intérêt des historiens, des philologues et des orientalistes que celui des philosophes. Nous considérons que, de par ses implications profondes pour la culture et l'histoire européenne, cette question nécessite une démarche philosophique, peut-être la seule capable d'éclaircir ses significations qui, elles, sont de nature philosophique. Mais, la philosophie européenne a laissé de côté ce sujet, tout comme elle s'est désintéressée à la pensée orientale, surtout à celle indienne. De qui s'agit-il, en fait? L'esprit néoplatonicien a traversé la pensée européenne d'une façon manifeste jusqu'à la Renaissance et plus tard par des voies souterraines. Les humanistes de la Renaissance ont redécouvert les Grecs à la source même. Quelques siècles plus tard, une nouvelle „renaissance“, appelée cette fois-ci „orientale“, est apparue dans le romantisme allemand. Les chercheurs enthousiastes de l'Orient, mécontents de l'humanisme partiel, méditerranéen de leurs prédécesseurs, rêvaient à une humanisme intégral et à l'homme universel. L'échec de cette deuxième „renaissance“ est bien connu. Celle-ci n'a pas produit, notamment en philosophie, une véritable rencontre de l'Occident avec l'Orient, de la Grèce avec l'Inde. On a invoqué des causes diverses pour pouvoir expliquer cet échec. Mais toutes les explications emploient des arguments superficiels et des déterminismes extérieurs. Nous considérons que l'échec de la „Renaissance orientale“ est intimement lié au mécanisme intérieur par lequel s'est produit l'oubli de l'Inde dans la conscience...
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We discuss here the wide semantical opening of the 'presence' concept. First, we mark out the differentiation between prae-esse, prae-ens and prae-sensus. It is not only an etymological distinction, but a conceptual one. We briefly mention the Greek idea of parousia, the thomist concept of praesentia, the bergsonian and the empiricism's trial to determine what the presence really is. Nevertheless, we consider that Heidegger's philosophy accomplishes the concept of presence as he defined it in Sein und Zeit, but rather after 'the turning point', when he grasped it as 'state-of-presence of things-as-presences'. This is the final term of our discussion concerning the philosophical development of this concept. Finally, we outline the mystical notion of presence as Presence of God, the most important concept of the mystical consciousness. Our hypothesis is that the presence keeps up the same steadiness during the two development (the speculative and the mystical one), so it is one of the concepts fitted to draw up together the philosophical consciousness and the mystical one.
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