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INFORMARE cu privire la modul în care se înfăptuieşte Programul de activitate ideologică al partidului de către Organizaţia Pionierilor (Information on how the program is administered by ideological activitiesw of the Party Organization oft he Pioneers) PLAN DE MĂSURI privind îmbunătăţirea activităţii politico-ideologice şi cultural-educative în rîndul pionierilor şi şcolarilor, corespunzător sarcinilor stabilite de Congresul al Xl-lea al P.C.R. (Plan of measures on improvement of political-ideological and cultural and educational activities among the pioneers and schoolchildren, appropriate tasks set by the Eleventh Congress of P.C.R.)
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published by: MINISTERUL INVAŢAMÎNTULUI ŞI CULTURII DIRECŢIA GENERALA A AŞEZĂMINTELOR CULTURALE MINISTRY OF CULTURE Directorate General for Education and Cultural Establishments
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published by: COMITETUL DE STAT PENTRU CULTURĂ ŞI ARTA. CONSILIUL PENTRU RĂSPÎNDIREA CUNOŞTINŢELOR CULTURAL ŞTIINŢIFICE. STATE COMMITTEE FOR CULTURE AND ARTS. COUNCIL SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE DISSEMINATION THROUGH CULTURE.
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statute printed in small pocket-format
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full title: EXPUNERE cu privire la activitatea politico-ideologică şi cultural-educativă de formare a omului nou, constructor conştient şi devotat al societăţii socialiste multilateral dezvoltate şi al comunismului în România, prezentată la Congresul educaţiei politice şi al culturii socialiste 2 iunie 1976CUVlNTARE la încheierea lucrărilor Congresului 4 iunie 1976 Expose on the Political, ideological, cultural and educational formation of the new man, creator of consdciousness and devotee of multilaterally developed socialist society and of communism in Romania. Presented at the Congress of Political Education and Socialist Culture on June 2, 1976. Speech delivered at the the conclusion of the Congress, June 4, 1976
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Content: -------------------------------------------------- PRAVDA, November 21, 1961 CONGRESUL AL XXII-LEA AL P.C.U.S. DESPRE LICHIDAREA URMĂRILOR CULTULUI PERSONALITĂŢII 22nd CONGRESS OF P.C.U.S. ABOUT DRAWING OF CONSEQUENCES OF PERSONALITY CULT PRAVDA, December 1, 1961 CALEA SPRE SOCIETATEA COMUNISTA FARA CLASE THE WAY TO THE CLASSLESS COMMUNIST SOCIETY (by P. Fedoseev) PRAVDA, December 2, 1961 CONGRESUL AL XXII-LEA AL P.C.U.S. ŞI DEZVOLTAREA SISTEMULUI MONDIAL SOCIALIST 22nd CONGRESS OF P.C.U.S. AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF A GLOBAL SYSTEM OF SOCIALISM (by I. Andropov) PRAVDA, December 5, 1961 COMUNISMUL ŞI STATUL COMMUNISM AND THE STATE PRAVDA, December 20+21, 1961 PARTIDUL LUI LENIN — CONDUCĂTORUL ŞI ORGANIZATORUL LUPTEI ÎNTREGULUI POPOR PENTRU VICTORIA COMUNISMULUI THE PARTY OF LENIN - THE LEADER AND THE PEOPLE'S WAR ORGANIZER FOR VICTORY OF COMMUNISM PRAVDA, January 7, 1962 COMUNISMUL ŞI LIBERTATEA COMMUNISM AND FREEDOM (by I. Franţev) PRAVDA, January 17, 1962 COEXISTENŢA PAŞNICĂ — CEA MAI IMPORTANTĂ PROBLEMĂ A CONTEMPORANEITĂŢII PEACEFUL COEXISTENCE - THE MOST IMPORTANT ISSUE FOR OUR TIME (by N. Inozemţev)
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Full Title: ------------------------ RAPORTUL C.C. AL P.M .R. CU PRIVIRE LA ACTIVITATEA PARTIDULUI ÎN PERIOADA DINTRE CONGRESUL AL II-LEA Şl CONGRESUL AL lll-LEA AL PARTIDULUL CU PRIVIRE LA PLANUL DE DEZVOLTARE A ECONOMIEI NAŢIONALE PE ANII 1960 -1965 Şl LA SCHIŢA PLANULUI ECONOMIC DE PERSPECTIVĂ PE 15 ANI (— 20 iunie 1960 —) REPORT C.C. AL P.M.R. ON THE ACTIVITIES OF THE PARTY BETWEEN THE 2nd AND 3rd CONGRESS OF THE PARTY ON THE DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR THE YEARS 1960 -1965 FOR THE NATIONAL ECONOMY AND THE ECONOMIC FUTURE PERSPECTIVE FOR 15 YEARS (- June 20, 1960 -)
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Editor: MINISTERUL EDUCAŢIEI ŞI INVAŢIMINTULUI Publisher: Editura Didactică şi Pedagogică Bucureşti - 1978 published as: Comandă fermă nr 26o IiP."Buletinul Oficial" Secţia XIX Cda. 14949/1978
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published by: PARTIDUL COMUNIST ROMAN, COMITETUL JUDEŢEAN OLT, SECŢIA PROPAGANDA Content: -------------------------- DIN REALIZĂRILE OAMENILOR MUNCII DIN JUDEŢUL OLT IN ANUL 1983 ACHIEVEMENTS OF WORKING PEOPLE IN OLT COUNTY IN YEAR 1983 PLAN DE MASURI PENTRU APLICAREA ÎN PRACTICA A INDICAŢIILOR DATE DE TOVARĂŞUL NICOLAE CEAUŞESCU, SECRETARUL GENERAL AL PARTIDULUI COMUNIST ROMAN, PREŞEDINTELE REPUBLICII SOCIALISTE ROMÂNIA, CU PRILEJUL VIZITEI DE LUCRU ÎN UNITĂŢI AGRICOLE DIN JUDEŢUL OLT (PLAN OF MEASURES FOR PUTTING INTO PRACTICE THE INDICATIONS GIVEN BY NICOLAE CEAUSESCU, SECRETARY GENERAL OF THE ROMANIAN COMMUNIST PARTY, PRESIDENT OF THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF ROMANIA, ON THE OCCASION OF THE VISIT OF WORK UNITS OLT COUNTY AGRICULTURAL) PLAN DE MASURI PRIVIND CREŞTEREA EFICIENTEI EDUCATIVE A ÎNVAŢAMINTULUI POLITICO-IDEOLOGIC, A CONTRIBUŢIEI SALE IN MOBILIZAREA COMUNIŞTILOR, A TUTUROR OAMENILOR MUNCII LA REALIZAREA SARCINILOR ECONOMICE(INCREASING (EFFICIENCY MEASURES ON THE PLAN OF POLITICAL AND IDEOLOGICAL EDUCATION, ITS CONTRIBUTION IN MOBILIZING ALL COMMUNIST WORKING PEOPLE TO ACHIEVE ECONOMIC TASKS)PLANURI DE DEZBATERE PENTRU ÎNVÂŢÂMÎNTU! POLITICO-IDEOLOGIC(PLANS FOR ADEBATE ON EDUCATION IN POLITICS AND IDEOLOGICY) EXPUNERI STADIUL ACTUAL AL EDIFICĂRII SOCIALISMULUI ÎN ŢARA noastră ŞI ORIENTĂRILE PROGRAMATICE ALE CONFERINŢEI NAŢIONALE A PARTIDULUI PRIVIND DEZVOLTAREA ARMONIOASA A TUTUROR SECTOARELOR ECONOMIE NAŢIONALE SI VIEŢII SOCIALE (CURRENT STATUS OF THE ART IN BUILDING SOCIALISM IN OUR COUNTRY AND PROGRAM ORIENTATIONS CONFERENCE OF NATIONAL PARTY ON HARMONIOUS DEVELOPMENT OF ALL ECONOMIC SECTORS OF NATIONAL AND SOCIAL LIFE)
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Published by: UNIUNEA TINERETULUI COMUNIST COMITETUL / CENTRAL CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE COMMUNIST YOUTH ORGANISATION Content: Făurirea societăţii socialiste multilateral dezvoltate (Ion Mitran)/ Building the multilaterally developed socialist society (Ion Mitran) Partidul şi tineretul. P.C.R. — conducător şi îndrumător al tineretului, al organizaţiei sale revoluţionare (Ion Iuga)/Party and Youth. P.C.R. - Leader and mentor of the Youth, his revolutionary organization (Ion Yuga) Direcţiile dezvoltării industriei româneşti stabilite de Congresul al X-lea şi Conferinţa Naţională ale partidului (Nicoară Ionescu)/Romanian Industry Development. Directions set by the Tenth Congress and the National Conference of the Party (Nicoară Ionescu) Perspectivele agriculturii româneşti în societatea socialistă multilateral dezvoltată. Locul, rolul şi importanţa agriculturii în făurirea unei economii moderne (prof. univ. Sabin Nica-Sîrbeşti)/Romanian agriculture prospects in the multilaterally developed socialist society. Place, role and importance of agriculture in building a modern economy (prof. Dr. Sabin Nica- Sîrbeşti) Dezvoltarea învăţămîntului, ştiinţei şi culturii, factor hotărîtor al progresului multilateral al patriei socialiste (Constanţa Bărboi)/ Development of education, science and culture, a decisive factor in the multilateral progress of the socialist homeland (Constanta Bărboi)
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published by: TIPOGRAFIA„ VIATA LITERARA 1946 Content: PRESA CA MIJLOC DE PROPAGANDĂ, DE LUPTĂ ŞI EDUCAŢIE POLITICĂ. THE PRESS AS A MEANS OF PROPAGANDA, PPOLITICAL FIGHT AND EDUCATION PRESA CA INDUSTRIE ECONOMICĂ PRESS AND INDUSTIRAL ECONOMY MISIUNEA ŞI PRACTICA DE CORESPONDENT MISSION AND PRACTICE OF A CORRESPONDENT PRESA ŞI TEHNICA SCRISULUI THE PRESS AND TECHNICAL WRITING PRESA -- FACTOR DE PACE ŞI PROGRES. THE PRESS – A FACTOR FOR PEACE AND PROGRESS.
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published by: EDITURA TINERETULUI, Bucharest 1957 ÎN AJUTORUL CELOR CE STUDIAZĂ ÎN CURSURILE SERALE U.T.M. DE LA ORAŞE Şl SATE IN ASSISTANCE FOR THOSE STUDYING IN EVENING CLASSES OF THE ORGANISATION OF YOUNG WORKERS IN TOWNS AND STATE
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published by: Editura politică Bucureşti, 1976
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published by: ---------------------------- ASOCIAŢIA VOLUNTARA PENTRU SPRIJINIREA APĂRĂRII PATRIEI COMITETUL ORGANIZATORIC CENTRAL VOLUNTARY ASSOCIATION FOR THE SUPPORT OF HOMELAND DEFENSE - CENTRAL ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
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Published by: EDITURA Institutului d« Arte Grafice „SAMITCA", Societate Anonimă CRAIOVA 1918
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Education tolerance, respect for other cultures and ethnicities is a primordial bridge in building a democratic society. Both in education and in the social environment there are serious gaps in addressing diversity, which is based mainly on stereotypes. This problem occurs including the lack of a scientific and methodological support in addressing teaching and teaching ethno-cultural diversity. EU experience shows that namely through research and the sharing of ethnicities co-existing in Member States and many European nations can be overcome inter-ethnic conflicts and can contribute to the prosperity of communities and states.
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The national and regional energy security of Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries has become a hot topic of discussion in the EU recently, focusing the attention of experts, policy makers, and the general public on ongoing and future energy projects but also on the features of energy governance in these countries. The interruption of gas supplies to Europe as a result of the Russian-Ukrainian pricing dispute in 2009, the continuing Russian-Ukrainian crisis after the annexation of Crimea, and the EU-Russia controversies regarding the South Stream pipeline project, as well as Gazprom’s non-compliance with the EU regulations in several anti-trust cases in the past few years are the major cornerstones that shape the CEE energy security framework and policy options as the region remains heavily dependent on Russian oil, gas, and nuclear technology. At the same time, the fragile democratic traditions in the CEE countries, the existing networks of political protectionism and economic oligarchy, and the opaque business practices nurtured by corruption and links with organized crime, have been reinforced by the negative implications of Russian economic and geo-political influence. Russia has exploited its dominant position in the energy market and its long-term links with certain political and economic groups to shape political decisions across the region according to its own interests, but often to the detriment of the home country consumers. The current review of energy security risks in four selected CEE countries, two energy poor – Bulgaria and Serbia, and two energy-resourced– Romania and Ukraine, assesses the factual situation per se and the transparency and accountability of energy policy governance in the region.
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Instead of an Abstract/Summary here, please refer to the Introduction PDF-file which includes the Executive Summary. Thank You.
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Acest capitol cuprinde articole care vin să valorifice colecţia de carte a Bibliotecii Ştiinţifice USARB.
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Poverty reduction is one of the key priorities of the Government of the Republic of Moldova. The National Development Strategy »Moldova 2020« aims, by 2020, to lift at least 149 thousand citizens or over 20% of those living in poverty. Progress in poverty reduction is generated by the consistent, efficient and coordinated implementation of economic and social policies, able to generate sufficient jobs and ensure a high degree of social inclusion of all members of society, with a special emphasis on the development of support programs. population and employment, as well as on measures for the development of the small and medium-sized enterprise sector and the modernization of agriculture. (the editor) // PUBLISHED BY THE MINISTRY OF ECONOMY OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA
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The path to a market economy and the withdrawal of the state from many areas of economic activity has given rise in the transition period to several adverse social phenomena such as unemployment, poverty and other elements that have, in turn, negative effects on the educational, cultural and in general affects the quality of life of the population. Not to mention the declining capacity of the state to support vulnerable groups such as pensioners and people with disabilities at a decent level. // Even if the transition to a market economy meant reducing the role of the state in the economy, however, the deficiencies of market mechanisms and their inability to self-regulate or to meet the full spectrum of societal requirements, involve finalizing those social policies. And now social policies are supported by support programs in special cases such as child raising benefits, support for families with many children, the disabled, in case of loss of care, in case of illness or temporary incapacity for work and others. // PUBLISHED BY CENTRUL DE ASISTENŢĂ PENTRU AUTORITĂŢILE PUBLICE (CAAP - Chişinau)
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Creating the conditions for improving the quality of life of the population by developing an economically competitive society, based on knowledge, capable of sustainable economic growth, jobs and high social cohesion is the fundamental objective of the National Development Strategy for 2008 -2011 (SND) of the Republic of Moldova. However, the problems of poverty continue to persist both nationally and globally, prompting experts in the field to investigate the causes and mechanisms that favor this condition in order to reduce the risks of social exclusion. // PUBLISHED BY UNDP (MOLDOVA), UNIFEM UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT FUND FOR WOMEN, NATIONAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS (MOLDOVA)
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The survey was conducted between October 25-30 on a national sample of 1482 selected subjects from 246 urban and rural localities in all counties of Romania. He measured the voting intentions in the parliamentary elections, as well as the attitude of the population towards the main political leaders, towards several issues of public interest: reducing the number of parliamentarians, eliminating special pensions, referendum for loans to be made by public authorities, etc.
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Survey conducted between 9 and 16 February 2019 on a national sample of 1106 people. He measured the perception of the public health system in Romania, the trust in the national political leaders, the evaluation of Traian Băsescu, the appreciation of the parties, the voting intentions.
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Section I: PRESERVATION AND RESTORATION OF DOCUMENTS IN PUBLIC LIBRARIES IN ROMANIA. MODELS OF GOOD PRACTICE The present study presents the technical-scientificd ocumentation regarding the restoration of two paper documents ( two sheets out of nine) with extreme mechanical fragmentation, written in Romanian in 1863. In addition to the physical-mechanical degradations (blocking the sheets, breaks on the fold line) other types of degradation were highlighted: biotic and chemical. The restoration methodology consisted in unblocking the fragments of the tabs with the help of a solvent, cleaning and biocidal operations. Afterwards, the fragments were sorted according to the assortments of paper, color and graphics and placed in a puzzle system in order to reconstruct the original sheet format. The gap areas were integrated with 31g/m2Japanese paper, and as a final operation the sheets were consolidated by plating (double-sided) with 6g/m2Japanese paper.
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Poems by Adrian Bodnaru from the volume "Verses and other fixed forms": "A", "Doină", "Haiku", from the volume of poems "All rights reserved, inclusive Sweden and Norway", from the volume of poems "The day after tomorrow".
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Frigyes Karinthy (June 24, 1887, Budapest - August 29, 1938, Siófok) was a Hungarian writer, playwright, poet, journalist and translator. Humorist, visionary philosopher and defender of Reason advocated by the Encyclopaedists, Frigyes Karinthy is also a great poet. He collaborated in the review Nyugat.
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The present study deals with institutional bilingualism in the context of school structures in Romania where the language of teaching is different from Romanian. The conclusions of the paper show a few possible directions to follow in the context of conceiving an educational policy in which the linguistic alterity represents a natural element to be taken into consideration when considering the qualitative aspects of organisational structures.
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The paper assesses Romanian legislation regarding the representation of national minorities (except the Hungarians) in local councils. Most minorities are still seriously underrepresented in the local decisional fora, despite the existence of a special provision in the electoral law of 2004, that grants some sort of affirmative action for minority organizations. In order to evaluate the utility of this special provision, I re-analyzed the results of the last two local elections, comparing the actual results of the minority organizations to the hypothetical results they would have obtained in the absence of the special rule, that is, if they had been treated alike to the mainstream political parties. This allowed the identification of those cases when the minorities indeed benefited from the affirmative action provided by the law. Unfortunately, the scope of applicability of the special rule proved to be very limited, the minority organizations would have obtained most of their seats also without the application of the special provision. Moreover, the provision may have even adverse effects, as it may prevent some organizations from obtaining seats even if they obtained a number of votes that would have been sufficient for getting represented if they had been treated alike to the political parties. This is due to the logic behind the special provision, which advantages a single minority organization, often to the expense of the others. The net gain of seats due to the regulation is so small that one can conclude that there is no point for retaining the regulation in its present shape. The minorities have realized this too, and they initiated a bill in order to replace the current system with something very similar to the regulations in force at the level of the Chamber of Deputies. The paper briefly assesses this proposal too, however, the conclusions are not very optimistic in this regard either.
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„Csak abban a statisztikában hiszek, amit én hamisítottam” – így hangzik Winston Churchill egyik hires nyilatkozata. Sajnos Romániában nem ritka a közvélemény-kutatások közötti „háború”, ahol nem az a lényeg, hogy milyen eredményeket mutatnak az elemzések, hanem, hogy melyik intézménynek, pártnak, politikusnak nagyobb a támogatása, kit kell legitimálni. Az Országos I_úsági Hatóság rendszeresen végez vagy végeztet kutatásokat, hiszen meggyozodésünk, hogy pártszínezettol függetlenül minden kormány i úságpolitikájának az így szerzett eredményeken kell alapulnia. A romániai magyar atalok körében végzett kutatás az elso ilyen jellegu felmérés, amelyet román költségvetési nanszírozással készítettek. Az adatokat elemezve, összehasonlítva, számomra a legfontosabb következtetés, hogy mind a román, mind a magyar ataloknak pozitív a jövoképe. Nem önmagukban az egyes mutatók biztatóak, hanem a tendenciák. A zetéssel, munkahellyel, közérzettel, kivándorlással, oktatással, általános jóléttel kapcsolatos adatok az elmúlt években folyamatosan pozitív irányba mozdultak el. Ez a politikum számára mindenképpen reménykelto, de nem azt kell jelentenie, hogy elértünk egy folyamat végére. Tovább kell dolgozni a atalok számára biztosítandó lehetoségek bovítésén, és be kell vonni a atalok önszervezodéseit, hogy ezekbol a lehetoségekbol közösen eredményeket lehessen elérni.
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The study presents the evolution of state financing allocated directly to the central organizations of citizens belonging to national minorities between 1994-2008, as well as the financing of certain interethnic programs and projects, based on calls for proposals, between 2005-2008. After overviewing the legal basis, the beneficiaries and the eligible costs, we present the evolution of the amounts distributed during the above mentioned periods. In order to have a clearer image of the actual dynamics of financing, we took into consideration the inflation rate between 1995-2008. The amounts distributed during these years have been recalculated at the 2008 exchange rate. Based on these calculations and considering the number of citizens belonging to a certain national minority, we compare the amounts distributed to the different organizations.
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The study presented here is the result of an anthropological field research undertook in the summer of 2004, continued by re-entrances in the field for almost three years, 2005, 2006 and 2007, in the area of Orăştie, Hunedoara county. The research considered here was lead by PhD. Professor Enikő Magyari-Vincze, to which the author participated as a field researcher. Although it does not have the purpose of an exhaustive analysis regarding the surviving strategies to which the members of the community resort through various contexts, in everyday life, it can be considered a guiding mark of an analysis concerned with different aspects which describe the life of this community.
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The paper consists of two main parts. The first part reviews the evolution of the most important aspects of Romanian electoral legislation concerning the representation of national minorities, both at the national and the local level. The second part presents the results obtained by the organizations of 19 minorities from Romania at the national elections (1990-2008) and the elections to the local and county councils (1996-2008). During the two decades that passed since the fall of Communism, Romanian electoral legislation underwent multiple changes, with both positive and negative consequences on the participation of minorities. Among the negative changes we have to mention the introduction (and subsequent raising) of electoral thresholds, and the adoption of double standards regarding candidatures for organizations represented in Parliament and those outside Parliament (obviously, with way more difficult conditions for the latter category). The higher thresholds introduced after 2000 had a negative impact on the number of minority representatives in the local councils, and with the exception of Hungarians and Germans, the minorities disappeared from the county councils. The double standards regarding candidature considerably watered down political competition within the minority communities, almost to the extent of granting political monopoly for the organizations in Parliament over the communities they claim to represent. On the other hand, Romanian electoral laws also contain special rules that provide electoral affirmative action for minorities. In the Chamber of Deputies the presence of minorities is almost guaranteed, due to the existence of special seats that can be obtained by reaching a symbolic alternative threshold. Affirmative action is present at the level of the local councils too, but it is far from being efficient. On the contrary, the special rule at the local level is ill-conceived: it is unable to counteract the underrepresentation of minorities, moreover, it can even deprive them of some seats they would have obtained, had they been treated like the political parties. Taking into account the underrepresentation of minorities (and the negative trend concerning this), the discriminatory nature of the candidature conditions and the inefficiency of the special electoral rule, the conclusions of the study call for a thorough redesign of the Romanian system of minority representation.
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The paper aims to describe phenomena of modernization in Moldavian Csango villages in the context of religiosity. It interprets the most significant shifts in the life forms and traditional religiosity, the change of central values, tendencies of secularization and the emergence of sectarianism. The author argues that the religious experience gradually evades community and (Church) legitimation, so that the ever-larger individualization of religious experiences and conceptualization leads to the pluralization of worldviews. The impersonalization of social control, the changing norms that affect everyday life, the role change of religious values, the individualization of communities, basically the transforming forces of modernization on society disable the catholic church to fully integrate the Csango village population, who in rising numbers attend new teachings that offer an updated worldview, as well as a brand new set of community/religious norms. The author argues, that sectarianism/sectarianization is a part of modernizational strategies, and that as a consequence of transnational life forms, sects have become part of social mobility.
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Transylvania, annexed to Romania in 1920, is a place of continuous Romanian-Hungarian conflicts. There is always a domain of conflict between the Hungarian minority and the Romanian majority represented by the construction, the invention and commemorative use of the past. In my ethnographic and socio-anthropologic analysis I focus on the "memory entrepreneurism", and foreground those interethnic relations and symbolic behaviours that stand behind it in the social context of the multiethnic Cluj-Napoca. The change of regime of 1989 brought along not only a political closure, but also one with on the framework of the imagined past. On the social level this resulted in the drama of the diminuation of belief in the institutions and authorities. The past constructed up to that point naturally lost its political legitimacy. There were two kinds of attitudes emerging within the self-legitimating strategies regarding the past. On the one hand the denial of continuity, the rejection of the past constructed by previous societies in the interest of the new historical order. This new historical order didn't wish to continue the previous economical, social and political relations. But on the other hand, in there was a rising need for historical depth: how can one legitimate the present and create a continuity in the historical space? Nevertheless, the new system considered it necessary to deduce the new social order from history. It had a need for the past also because it defined itself against the past, distancing itself from it: thus the past became surpassed and at the same time an example to follow. The period between 1989 and 2008 proved to be one of the most productive regarding the local construction of memory. Therefore my paper analyses the tendencies of post-1989 past construction. What previously exposed component of the past was made invisible by the new system? What was overtaken and what kind of new components were brought to the surface? What kind of conflicts were revealed, what kind of identity strategies, legitimating processes and national discourses were put into motion by the construction of the (new) memory?
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Situated on the border of Latin and Orthodox Christianity, in a region where the infrastructural and the economical possibilities were limited, the Romanian village Seuca became an internationally known place for pilgrimage due to a blind Gypsy women's public visions about Virgin Mary in the first years of the new millennium. The author presents both the history of the ethnical and confessional co-existence in the village and the economical and social problems which affected the whole community. Then, the attitudes towards the apparition of the different denominations will be highlighted by presenting also the way the seer attempts to question the different denominational opinions. The legitimating strategies of a gypsy woman influenced very much the aspects of Virgin Mary vision from Seuca.
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The Magyarpalatka, located on Inner Mezőség, is one of the Gypsy musicians' centers in Mezőség. Many Gypsy music families lived and live here to date, the most famous being the Kodoba family. The present case study undertook to find out how the romungro family of the Reformed Religion in Romania, with the Hungarian-speaking, Reformed Religion, romanesque, in Hungarian, no longer (or hardly speaking) in the 20th Century, still a reformed, then Orthodox family, and tries to outline the broader social contexts of this process of identity change and to answer its causal relationships. Doing this by examining the extent to which the secondary identity change (including the change of the ethnic projection of the personal name) is related to the changing social, historical and political situations, to the extent that Magyarpalatka is continually depopulated from the Hungarian point of view, dominating the local Romanian population (not just numerical) and last but not least to some extent the economic aspects of the village vocational music industry. The research carried out at the same time makes it interesting that Gypsy musician of the Kodpal Gypsy family in Budapest is a Roma mother tongue, and its primary ethnic identity (for the time being) Roma, and that for the sake of its vocation has preserved the mediating role of local Hungarian, Romanian and Roma cultures as the traditional dance music of each ethnic group mediated and provided.
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Raportul de fata analizeaza si eviden_iaza în ce masura, institutiile deconcentrate si cele aflate în subordinea administratiei locale respecta prevederile legaleti asigura preconditiile necesare pentru exercitarea drepturilor lingvistice ale minoritatilor. În acelasi timp, este analizata si maniera în care maghiarii din judetul Harghita îsi exercita acest drept, adica în ce masura comunica acestia în limba materna cu ocazia diverselor contacte pe care le au la nivel administrativ. Analiza se bazeaza pe date ce provin din mai multe surse: o parte dintre ele rezulta din anchetele sociologice întreprinse de catre Institutul pentru Studierea Problemelor Minoritatilor Nationale, iar altele (cum ar fi cele referitoare la institutiile care reprezinta puterea centrala la nivel judetean) au fost colectate în mod special pentru aceasta cercetare efectuata la cererea Consiliului Judetean Harghita.
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The paper investigates the barriers in the access to health-care services embedded in the configuration of welfare rights and the insurance-based health care system, comparing the situation of Romanians, Hungarians and Roma in the North-West Development Region of Romania. It argues that the inconsistencies of welfare regulations allow the perpetuation of the structural disadvantage of the Roma, despite of the government's declared commitment to fight Roma discrimination and promote social inclusion, as stated in the national strategies of 2002 and 2006, and reaffirmed through the participation in the Decade of Roma Inclusion 2005-2015.
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The purpose of the article is to review those main migratory fluxes from the present-day territories of Romania and Republic of Moldova which occurred in the modern period. The first version of the article was written for a universal encyclopedia of international migration history; as such, although they might sound redundant for the Romanian readers, using certain phrases was necessary for a wider audience that knows little about the region. The length at which the main migrational flows have been dealt with takes into account neither the number of migrants nor the demographic or other consequences (thus migration from recent decades is only summarily treated). Rather, the author offers a review of the circumstances which have caused the migratory flows and presents the most important estimates on the demographic effects of each major migratory stream. Sketching these constitutes a starting point for the migration history of the region but it shouldn't be considered as an in-depth analysis.
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The paper addresses the relationship between migration and ethnicity in a case of ethnic minorities' migration, unfolding the role of migrant networks and of ethnicity in initiating and developing international labor migration. The analysis is carried out with ethnic Croats from Romania, a small ethnic group whose members first migrated to Serbia, then to Croatia and later to Austria. In these phases of migration, three uses of ethnicity unfolded: ethnicity as access to language, providing easier access to job openings and social ties to locals; ethnicity as legal status enabling access to citizenship, rights and opportunities; and ethnicity as a form of transnational solidarity to co-ethnic minorities, providing access to supplementary forms of social trust enabled by minority organizations. In this context, migrant networks functioned as provider of opportunities in a context where ethnicity was a structuring factor of this migration. In the case under study, two cumulating social resources - social capital and migrants' ethnicity - granted the easiness and success of migration, as well as the economic prosperity of migrants' households.
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The achievements in Romania regarding education for Roma are, of course, undeniable, those related to the identity reconstruction through the study of the language in the institutional system are also world-leading, the measures to promote and form a proactive Rroma intellectuality are good. Undoubtedly, the many human resources formed and present in the educational system are more than necessary, the impressive working tools for teaching Rromani from the kindergarten to the university level are obvious, the 10-13% Roma students studying in mother tongue Romani and over 7-11% Roma students in the general number of preschools and pupils in the pre-university system who attend school and assume indifferent Roma identity impress in a pleasant way etc., therefore, they all speak for themselves, both quantitatively and qualitatively. With all these unprecedented gains, however - relative to the large number of Roma in Romania (possibly two and a half million, with and without Roma identity assumed continuously) - there is still much to be done so that we can speak of more than 2-3% of high school students with a Roma identity assumed by a percentage of Roma children in grades I-IV higher than the current one (13%) and who do not decrease, as at present, to grades V -VIII (9-11%), let's talk about the presence of more than 10%, as now, of Roma preschoolers compared to the other 90% of preschoolers among other ethnicities, we can have many more kindergarten classes and classes primary education to fully study in their own Rromani language, to register as few segregated classes as possible and to find as few discretionary attitudes fromschool administrators and local authorities when talking about co-opment, (Roma inspectors, Roma executives, Roma school mediators, Roma teachers, Roma educators and teachers, Roma school counselors, etc.), and last but not least, when we will learn to be more empathic and better living and promoting diversity (linguistic / cultural / ethnic / historical / religious / physical / gender).
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By summing up the literature of social anthropology the article provides a broader perspective on the proposed theme. It is especially important that by translating this study Romanian readers have the chance to get acquainted with a small segment of the scientific activity of the researcher. The study of stigmatized ethnicity, gender inequality and precarious work signed by Enikő Vincze, professor of anthropology and gender studies at Babeş-Bolyai University, is a text based on research into social exclusion, multiple discrimination in an East European context, with a look focused on Roma women. Activist research along with the involvement of the researcher in the work of several civic organizations provides a new insight into the current scientific field.
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This paper proposes to compare the ideological and legal frameworks of the Romanian and Hungarian Jewish labor service system. The analysis brings into focus Transylvania, a territory which was divided between Hungary and Romania in the time of the Second World War. Between 1940-1944 the northern part of Transylvania was part of Hungary, while the southern territories belonged to Romania. This territory split in two had a Jewish population with common characteristics like their Hungarian language and culture and their socio-cultural background. However, their fate in the time of the Holocaust were totally different.
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The present study is a primary effort to identify and decript the identitary dynamics of the two most ancient ethnic communities of Romania, the Turks and Tatars. As a context framing, the paper shows the historic and demographic evolution of the Turks and the Tatars all throughout the 20th century. Chronologically, the emphasys falls upon the communist period, to better envisage the way in which political, economic and social changes in the era were reflected in the ethnic and religious structures of the Turks and the Tatars in Dobrogea and consequently to extend on identitary evolutions after 1990. By adding the archive research to journalistic text analysis and field research (interviews, participative observation), the study traces the memory patterns of the communist period, the types of relations and attitudes created in relation to the regime, together with the evolution of self-image and image of the other (Turk-Tatar), generated by the main identitary landmarks: ethnicity, religion, origins, mother tongue and traditions, inside the socialist society as well as after the fall of the communism.
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Public debates on the regional dimension of societal organization are plagued by a series of stereotypes originating in the lack of adequate knowledge about this phenomenon. Precisely because of this, the aim of this study is to present in a systematic and analytic manner the theoretical concepts, working methods and their possibilities of application in solving some technical aspects related to the efficient management of territory and the related issue of great actual relevance in Romania, the organization of development regions. We do not intend to elaborate an optimal solution to the problem, as we believe that no such recipe exists; conversely, we wish to contribute to the debate by sketching a number of scientifically grounded alternative proposals, the effective realization of which depends on the actual political context. While the material may seem too technical and difficult to digest without a solid background in the field, the specialized language was needed in order to meet certain requirements of scientific analysis.
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Between 18 May and 8 June, 2013 the authors have collected data from a representative sample of 1,232 Hungarians from Transylvania with the purpose to examine the political behavior of the aforementioned community within the political spaces of both Hungary and Romania. While closely related to a research project (entitled 'Ethnic parties, voting behavior') carried out within the Romanian Institute for Research on National Minorities, the present research has extended its focus to Transylvanian Hungarians'voting behavior outside Romania. This change of perspective has been necessary because on 26 May 2010 the Hungarian Parliament adopted the amendment to the 1993 Law on Hungarian citizenship by introducing the simplified naturalization procedure, thus enabling Hungarians from the neighboring countries of Hungary to obtain Hungarian citizenship without residency. Moreover, the new Hungarian election law adopted in November 2011 allows Hungarian citizens without residency in Hungary to vote in the Hungarian Parliamentary elections (on candidates from national party lists). As a consequence, the political, or voting behavior of Hungarians from Transylvania needs to be analyzed by taking into account this perspective as well.
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After 1990, the concepts of regional reform that emerged in the Central and Eastern European countries attracted the question of whether asymmetric regionalism, characteristic of Western Europe, is also topical here. According to the classical typology of state structures there are three fundamental types: a) the federal state; b) the regional state; c) the unitary state. These structural types include those elements of asymmetrical political territorial division, which are combinations of elements of indirect and direct governance, under the conditions of the organization of the modern state. From the point of view of this study, the latter type is of the highest relevance. Regarding the regional autonomies and special administrative statutes of this category, the following conclusions can be drawn: 1) the reason for the creation of regions depends largely on a historical history, and the form of institutionalization of the public administration model of that state; 2) at the beginning of the regionalization, the constitutional starting point may be both symmetrical (Spain) and asymmetric (Italy, UK), but the subsequent evolution of regionalization inevitably results in an institutional asymmetry (at the level of the statutes). In the decades after the Second World War the number of elements of asymmetric political territorial division in the territorial and administrative systems of the EU Member States (Spain, Italy, Belgium, Great Britain) increased and most authors who analyzed the phenomenon suggest that solutions Asymmetric rather facilitates than undermines stability.
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The article analyzes the changes occurred in a Transylvanian village farming. First part of the paper focuses on the economic and social frameworks and context of the rural farming. The main part of the analysis based on the theoretical concepts of pluriactivity, diversification and food self-provisioning and the conceptualization of the special literature analyzes the economic strategies of a Romanian village, seeking to present a typology based on nature of economic strategies. The author argues that the main strategy is pluriactivity, however the limited forms of diversification are also present in the farming patterns of the village, which mark a shift toward a more specialized, profit-oriented farming. Near this strategies the food self-provisioning is also present, what is more there has appeared new ideologies and meanings regarding to food very well known mostly from the western countries' alternative food networks.
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The study attempts to present the economic strategies of a settlement, in which employment in state companies built upon a specific environmental resource (natural gas extraction) as well as the success of an independent enterprise has significantly transformed the livelihood strategies based on agriculture, resulting in a change in lifestyle as well. The studied settlement represents the opposite model of the villages re-peasantised after the regime change, described in the Transylvanian scholarly literature. The study analyses the economic behaviour modes, as well as the changes in the livelihood strategies observed in a settlement along the Kis-Küküllő (Târnava Mică) River, aiming to present the stratification of the rural society based on economic strategies. The author outlines the way in which in this multiethnic (inhabited by Hungarians, Romanians and Romani) small settlement, the bakery which used to function as a cooperative during socialism became a well-established company employing a significant part of the village's population, being present in important segments of the national markets, connecting the previously isolated small settlement with new regional and national networks. He also presents the significance of the natural gas extraction activities from the point of view of livelihood strategies, after which he presents the economic strategies built upon agricultural activities.
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The Rroma bibliography brings together magazines and newspapers that appeared in Romania and in various countries, especially after 1989, which were in the author's personal collection and were donated to the Institute for Studying the Problems of National Minorities in Romania. A similar collection, containing books, brochures and a small number of magazines and newspapers, was donated by the author in May 2015 to the Central University Library in Bucharest, the titles being inserted into a valuable guiding instrument (v. Gheorghe Sarau, Rroma bibliography (books, brochures, magazines, newspapers), Bucharest: University Publishing House, Bucharest, 2016), which helps librarians, researchers and the public interested in the Roma field, but also in support of Roma students from different specialties, or nerroms working with and for the Roma, both in the country and abroad. The journals and newspapers in the present bibliography fall within the scope of the Roma on Romani language and literature, history, anthropology, theater, music, sociology, politics, human rights, children's rights, Roma education, architecture and community development etc. between 1987 and 2014, and some in 1984-1986, 1978-1981 and 1970-1974. Although the collections of magazines and newspapers listed here do not fully cover the years of their appearance, they are still important milestones in the information and research activity in the field of Roma.
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The study proposes to draw out the ethno-demographic portray of national minorities from Romania. The analysis has as a start point the statistic dates given by the National Institute of Statistics with which ISPMN concluded a unitive protocol. The dates used for the elaboration of this study can be grouped in two categories: 1. Census dates (between 1930 and 2011) and 2. dates which come from the population dynamics (1994-2011). As concerning the analyzed minorities, it started from the structure of parliamentary representation of the minorities from Romania.
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This research aims to analyze the use and the references to the terms of Turkish, Tatar or Turkish-Tatar, as a reflection of the argumentative discourse, set up after 1990 in order to legitimize the options for a single ethnic identity, either Turkish or Tartar, or for a double ethnic identity, Turkish-Tatar. At the same time, the research shows the chronological alternation of these options from the level of the official discourse until the community level, identifying the social, political, economic, cultural or symbolic factors that determined this sequence in the post-communist era. From the methodological point of view, the research is based on the semantic analysis applied on the texts published in the newspapers of the Turkish and Tatar communities, Hakses (The Authentic Voice) and Karadeniz (The Black Sea). In the same time I used a series of documents issued by the representative organizations of the two ethnic groups, some published, some original unpublished documents. Finally, the research is based on a large number of semi-structured interviews with members of the two communities, conducted during successive field campaigns initiated in early 2013, the debate over a Turkish, Tatar or Turkish-Tatar identity being a recurring topic, self-discovered to the researcher in the field.
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Gheorghe Sarău (Romania - Bucharest, born in 1956) has been since 1992 a professor doctor at the department of Romany Language and Literature, at the Faculty of Foreign Languages and Literatures (University of Bucharest). At the same time, he has been a counselor for Romany language and Roma at the Direction for Minorities - Ministry of National Education (1992-present). After graduating from university (University of Bucharest, Faculty of Foreign Languages and Literatures - Russian and Hungarian languages Departments; Bulgarian and Spanish as optional courses) in 1983, Gheorghe Sarău began to study Romany individually, language which he taught at the Normal School of Bucharest from 1990to 1994, to a group of future primary school teachers. On 28 September 1998 he became a Doctor of Philology at the University of Bucharest. The doctorate was obtained under the guidance of prof. Lucia Wald in the Indo-European studies field, on the subject of Tinsmiths Roma Language. Gheorghe Sarău attended several training programmes (1990-2000) in the field of Romany Language, under the guidance of Prof. Marcel Courthiade (professor at INALCO Paris) and of Prof. Rajko Djurić -poet and the President of National Roma Union, in Finland (1991), Italy (1992), France (1993 1994, 1995), Germany (1998). He was also invited by Professors Courthiade and Djurić to teach with them Romany courses in Germany (1999 and 2002), at the International Courses of Romany Language, Literature and History. Gheorghe Sarău published his first article in 1982, as a student, and his first book was published in1992 (the first Romany dictionary in Romania - Mic dicționar rom-romîn, Kriterion Publishing House). Over the years, he has published over 70 titles, most of them individually, but also as collective works. He has also played an important role in the standardization of Romany language in Romania, in the organization and development of the Romany studies at the pre-school, school, high school and university level. In October 1992, he introduced the first Optional Course of Romany Language at the University of Bucharest and in 1997 he created the Department of Romany Studies at the Faculty of Foreign Languages and Literatures in Bucharest. He also founded the Distance Learning Department for Romany Language, which helped training over 600 Romany Language school teachers. He has also managed the developing and implementation of strategic programmes of the Ministry of Education in Romania. In recognition for his outstanding contribution to promoting constantly the Romany Language -through writings, through the introduction and consolidation of the Romany language education and through the initiatives regarding the general education of Roma - he has received several awards(Hidalgo Award - Spain, 1999; The Republic of Italy President's Award - Italy, 1999; Decoration and diploma on the occasion of the celebration of 25 years from the founding of the Hindi Language Department in Romania, awarded by HE the Indian Ambassador, Rajiv Dogra, on 29 March 2000, etc.).
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please find in the » Introduction.pdf « a complete Table of Content for all annual issues of 1941
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please find in the » Introduction.pdf « a complete Table of Content for all annual issues of 1941
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please find in the » Introduction.pdf « a complete Table of Content for all annual issues of 1941
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please find in the » Introduction.pdf « a complete Table of Content for all annual issues of 1941
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please find in the » Introduction.pdf « a complete Table of Content for all annual issues of 1941
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please find in the » Introduction.pdf « a complete Table of Content for all annual issues of 1940
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Topic of this issue: The Pact of the Hungarian Party with the Averescan Party. The precedents, the reasons for the conclusion, the text, the changes, the consequences, the resolution and its conclusions.
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In the 5th secondary class, memoir readings are required, in connection with the special study of this literary species. In Romanian literature, there are few such productions. Among them, the most attractive are Gh. Sion's. This writer is distinguished by a special storytelling talent. His volume "Suvenire contemporane" deserves all our attention. From it we reproduce here the chapter "Emancipation of the Gypsies", an interesting story and a successful characterization, at the same time, of Romanian society in the first half of the XlXth century.
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One of the main vulnerabilities of many Moldovan banks, with a strong imprint on the national economy, it depends on the transparency and low quality of the shareholders. Many times, this problem undermined the corporate governance of banking institutions, which resulted in the accumulation of toxic assets in the system and even the bankruptcy of 3 important banks in 2015 (Bank of Savings, Social Bank and Unibank). Therefore, with a view to solving the current banking crisis from the Republic of Moldova, it is absolutely necessary to increase the transparency and quality of bank shareholders. In this sense, actions are needed, both on the part of the NBM and on the part of the commercial banks. Not lastly, increasing the transparency of bank shareholders and presenting the real final beneficiaries it is also one of the recommendations and preconditions of the International Monetary Fund with a view to reform quality of the domestic banking sector and the signing of a potential memorandum. In turn, by this memorandum depends on the unlocking of external budgetary assistance from the other partners Development. We also believe that increasing the transparency of bank shareholders is, obviously, the primary prerogative of the NBM, but this will not be possible without the stronger motivation of banks for this process.
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At the time of writing this Report (June), the completion deadlines for 57 actions out of the 69 provided by the Roadmap have expired. Respectively, out of the total of 69 actions, 24 (35%) were carried out without deficiencies; 16 (23%) of the actions were performed with deficiencies; 19 (27%) of the total number of actions are in positive progress and, respectively, 4 (6%) are in negative progress, with serious deficiencies that may prevent the successful completion of the action. The realization of 6 (9%) actions was not initiated. // At the same time, we would like to emphasize the fact that the quantitative results regarding the number or percentage of actions carried out in the Roadmap should be considered as a secondary indicator in relation to the quality of the actions carried out. Some of the actions included in the Roadmap are duplicated1, while others are of a technical and simplistic nature2 and should not have been found in such a document. At the same time, their implementation increases the number or the rate of actions carried out without actually constituting actions that create conditions for the implementation of the necessary reforms or demonstrate the will to reform.
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At the beginning of February 2017, the President of the Parliament proposed the introduction of meal vouchers in the Republic of Moldova. In order to popularize the initiative and clarify the technical aspects regarding the use of meal vouchers, several public discussions were organized with representatives of government institutions, employers and unions. However, the introduction of meal vouchers remains an open topic, which at the moment causes conflicting opinions. // A brief analysis of the draft "Meal Voucher Law" highlights the weak analytical component of the normative act and the weak argumentation in favor of the introduction of vouchers. A first aspect refers to the extremely vague specification of the problem to be solved. In the informative note related to the draft law, the problems to be solved by the introduction of meal vouchers are presented in an equivocal way and without going into details. The note makes a general mention that the introduction of meal vouchers will solve: (i) fiscal problems (the reduction of the informal economy will increase VAT receipts), (ii) social (increasing the purchasing power of employees and economic) and economic (development of the food trade sector).
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The purpose of this report is to provide the general public with a credible source of information on the degree of transparency of bank shareholders and, in this way, to hold banks accountable in the process of improving shareholder transparency. One of the main vulnerabilities of several Moldovan banks, which has a strong imprint on the national economy, is the transparency and low quality of many shareholders. Often, this issue undermined corporate governance and facilitated exposures to related parties, ultimately resulting in significantly riskier activity. Also, the results of the banking crisis of 2014-2015 demonstrate that the lack of transparency of shareholders and final beneficiaries was one of the key elements behind the massive frauds in the sector.
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The concept of development and liberalization of the state securities market derives from the need to boost the development process of the capital market and the national financial system as a whole. As a result of the frauds registered in the banking sector, the reformation of the financial system becomes imminent, and the rehabilitation and recovery process is announced to be long and will gradually include all its components and sectors. Thus, although at the moment the reform process is focused especially on the banking environment, special attention and a sustained involvement of efforts must also be given to the capital market, or there are solid premises for this sector to become an important element of the financial intermediation mechanism, but also a factor for diluting the risks and vulnerabilities present and revealed by the banking sector.
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As a result of the analysis of the situation of the Republic of Moldova, based on the vulnerabilities of the private sector but also of the state institutions, 13 principles to be followed were developed for the realization of a balanced and rational system for preventing and combating money laundering and terrorist financing. The established principles take into account the requirements of EU Directive 2015/849, the money laundering risks specific to the environment in the Republic of Moldova, as well as the limited resources of the business environment and those of public authorities. Also, these principles focus on the critical risks of money laundering and elimination of vulnerabilities within state institutions, the risks of abusive applicability and susceptibility to corruption.
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Two decisions out of the 10 published, concerned the way in which the institutions previously referred to in the audit reports implemented the recommendations submitted: the Agency for Interventions and Payments in Agriculture on the subject of the subsidies granted and the Ministry of Internal Affairs on the subject of real progress and prospects for the automation of processes in the field internal affairs. // This study, in turn, comes to present the synthesis of the main findings from the reports of the Court of Accounts on four themes: the way in which the money from the Mandatory Medical Assistance Insurance Funds is spent, how correctly the money from this fund was spent by the National House of Social Security, how the money was spent to restructure the wine sector and how well the National Food Safety Agency and its subordinate institutions manage the financial resources and assets under management.
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Each country, depending on its historical course, state concept and economic development, has developed its own health system. Despite the fact that health systems are so diverse, they also have a lot in common, because they essentially perform the same functions and have the same goals. Thus, under certain conditions the exchange of experience between countries on solving similar problems or how to respond to common challenges are very useful. For the Republic of Moldova – a state in transition from a society based on state ownership and a centralized economy, the experience of other states on this subject is even more important because it can be used in the process of reforming the health system. // The purpose of this study is to contribute to the openness of the health system by providing an integrative view of the transparency of the health system and highlight the results and the way the system is financed and managed. Thus, the study addresses topics related to the functionality of the system as a whole, and less the specific areas of the health system. The study contains 5 basic chapters, the introduction and a chapter of conclusions and general recommendations. Each core chapter contains in turn a subchapter of specific conclusions and recommendations.
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In the last period, society has noticed an increase in interest towards the activity of the authorities, in particular, towards the way in which they allocate and spend public money. In order to ensure budget transparency, it is crucial to have a regulatory framework that covers all stages of the budget cycle, as well as all the institutions involved. In the Republic of Moldova, there is a rather dense framework regarding transparency and access to information, which in the meantime has undergone multiple changes. The purpose of this study is to analyze the existing regulatory framework to identify the main gaps in ensuring budget transparency. // To accomplish this task, the description of the concept of budget transparency and its relation to other concepts and notions, as well as good practices on this subject, will be presented. Afterwards, the structure of the National Public Budget and the stages of the budget process will be briefly presented. The description of the regulatory framework for ensuring budget transparency will follow, in which the laws, government decisions and, as appropriate, other regulatory acts will be presented. The description of the meaning of budget transparency will be carried out in accordance with the current best practices promoted by the International Budget Partnership and other international organizations. Thus, as a result of the disclosure of the meaning of the concept of budget transparency, the transparency criteria will be identified, which will be used later in the evaluation of the regulatory framework in order to identify the gaps in the budget transparency regulation. // The study primarily analyzes the transparency of the budget process of the BS. At the same time, taking into account the importance and relations of this document with all the components of the budget system of the Republic of Moldova, the BPN will also be discussed, and, as the case may be, other components of the budget system.
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The results of the analysis highlighted major deficiencies regarding the allocation and transparency of expenses intended for the President's institution. The current way of recording expenses for this institution does not reveal all expenses. Part of the expenses are carried out by other institutions and are not included in the expenses intended for the Presidency. Also, the activity of the President is not sufficiently transparent compared to the practices of other Presidencies and does not fully respect the transparency requirements established by the domestic legal framework. Another topic, which does not directly relate to the President's expenses, but Belangs to his competence, is the awarding of decorations for special merits towards the state. And on this subject, the Republic of Moldova has great deficiencies not only in the transparency of the process, but also in the way of regulation.
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The evolution and proliferation of new forms of terrorism, organized crime, intrusion and information warfare generate new money laundering schemes to finance these types of activities. Their purpose is to avoid anti-money laundering mechanisms created through a joint international effort. Money laundering is essentially an international phenomenon, so it is extremely important that regulations and prevention measures are developed and implemented in all countries. This approach is particularly relevant for the European Union (EU), where all new developments, including the fifth Anti-Money Laundering Directive and the legislative framework for the automatic exchange of information, can be undermined if neighboring countries fall behind.
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Currently, with reference to Local Budgets, in the Republic of Moldova there are practically 2 budget systems. One system works in Gagauzia and another for the rest of the country. The local authorities of Găgăuzia do not participate in the formation system of the Financial Support Fund of administrative-territorial units (FSF), instead Găgăuzia retains practically all taxes and state fees collected on its territory. Also, the authorities of Gagauzia benefit without restrictions from all the spending programs in the BS, having the same rights as LPAs in the rest of the country. The rest of the authorities, although they are covered by the same concept of budget formation, however, due to regulatory peculiarities, there are major differences in the structure of revenue formation for two other groups of local authorities: (i) for districts, and (ii) Balti and Chisinau municipalities.
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During the meeting of the Republic of Moldova-China Economic Cooperation and Trade Committee, which took place in December 2016, the two sides reached a broad understanding regarding the need to initiate negotiations on a free trade agreement between them. It was assumed that the signing of such a document will constitute an important step forward for the intensification of economic relations and the increase of trade between the Republic of Moldova and China. The discussions ended with the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding aimed at preparing the foundation for the initiation of the given discussions.
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The Republic of Moldova is a country with few underground resources, at least at the current level of research. Consequently, the Republic of Moldova does not have an extractive sector with an important weight in the structure of the economy. At the same time, without this sector it would be difficult to cover the needs of supplying the population and businesses with homes, buildings and other infrastructure elements. On the other hand, if we take into account the fact that for the Republic of Moldova the soil and climate traditionally represent the fundamental resources for livelihood and economy, then the way in which useful mineral resources are exploited is very important. The object of this analysis is only the widespread useful mineral resources (sand, clay, building stone, loamy sand and sandy clay, etc.). Respectively, oil, natural gas, solid fuels were not included in this study.
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Cet article vise à présenter les enjeux de la gestion de l'afflux de réfugiés dans le contexte de la crise en Ukraine et l'impact sur l'ordre et la sécurité publics. L'essence de la gestion du phénomène dans de telles situations réside dans la réaction rapide et appropriée aux événements qui menacent. Par conséquent, on peut dire que la gestion des situations de crise comprend l'ensemble des mesures adoptées à tous les niveaux du gouvernement, y compris les ministères, les conseils départementaux et locaux, afin d'assurer et de renforcer l'ordre et la sécurité publics. De ce fait, nous examinerons les causes de l'augmentation des valeurs de trafic aux points de passage frontaliers de l'État, les mesures adoptées dans le plan opérationnel afin de gérer l'afflux de réfugiés et l'impact sur l'ordre et la sécurité publics.
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After in 2015, against the background of the banking crisis and the economic decline, the annual inflation approached the level of 10%, the Republic of Moldova entered a phase of moderate price increases. However, the year 2021 marked the end of this period. The rapid global economic recovery in the context of the promotion of stimulatory economic policies and the relaxation of anti-Covid measures in several states, the emergence of problems related to the operation of logistics chains, as well as severe climatic conditions have generated an explosion in the prices of energy, food products and building materials. As a result, the global economy was hit by a strong inflationary wave. The start of the war by Russia against Ukraine led to an additional disruption of international logistics chains and jeopardized the distribution of agri-food goods globally, which further intensified the trend of global price increases started in 2021. Republic of Moldova , likewise, was affected by international economic developments and collided with a rapid rise in prices. In new:2021 annual inflation exceeded the level of 10%, and already in apr:2022 the increase in prices reached 27.1% f-o-p. Moreover, for the year 2022 the NBM forecasts a high level of average annual inflation that will constitute 27.3%. In this context, the present study aimed to analyze in more detail the inflationary developments of the last period, identify the impact of price increases on poverty and formulate some policy recommendations aimed at mitigating the impact of these shocks.
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As part of the "Support Platform for the Republic of Moldova", at the first donors' conference held in April 2022 in Berlin, important financial support was announced in the form of loans and grants from various governments, European and international financial institutions, for mitigating the negative economic and social impact that Moldova suffered as a result of the regional security crisis. This July, the second edition of the conference took place in Bucharest, where the emphasis was placed on the consolidation of energy independence and assistance for reforms. In this context, messages of concern appeared in the public space, both sincere and manipulative, regarding the country's ability to assume new foreign debts. This article examines whether such fears are justified and disproves the main unfounded perceptions that exist on this subject. We also propose a series of recommendations for the Government and creditors aimed at ensuring judicious contracting and management of external loans.
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In general, the national policy agenda is only partially aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and one third of the SDG targets are not reflected in any way in national policy documents. In total, 169 targets were analyzed, but special emphasis was placed on 126 numerical targets of the Sustainable Development Goals1. Thus, as a result of mapping the national policy agenda and comparing it with the SDGs, we find that only 11% of the SDG targets are aligned with the national policy documents and therefore do not require adjustments to be taken up. At the same time, most of the SDG targets (57%) are only partially aligned with the policy documents of the Republic of Moldova – only some components of these targets are found and therefore the relevant national strategies need to be adjusted to better reflect the spirit and details of the SDG targets. About a third of the SDG targets are not reflected in any way in national policy documents.
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The study "The COVID-19 crisis: state companies between uncertainty and opportunities" was carried out in the context of unexpected developments in economic activity following the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, known worldwide as the COVID-19 pandemic. To limit the spread of the virus, the vast majority of states have resorted to unprecedented quarantine and social distancing measures, unimaginable until a few months ago, which are affecting the conduct of several types of economic activities. As time passes and there is still no medical solution to the virus, all the conditions for a major economic crisis appear to be present – sharp decline in GDP, bankruptcies and rising unemployment. In response, broad state intervention is seen as the key to economic recovery, even by those who in the past viewed the state as a threat to the free market. The general acceptance is that "ordinary tools are not enough to deal with these extraordinary times" and "state companies are part of the governments' effort to recover the situation both medically and economically".
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In the present study, we evaluated, based on statistical data and interviews with representatives of commercial banks and payment systems, the current situation and the development potential of cashless payments in the Republic of Moldova. A desk research was also carried out of the practices of other countries aimed at stimulating cashless payments, especially among small traders. Economic policy proposals were submitted to support small and medium enterprises in the Republic of Moldova in the implementation of cashless payments.
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This volume contains the papers presented at 2023 edition of the Annual International Conference of the Institute for Bulgarian Language Prof. Lyubomir Andreychin at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences .The Conference is a prestigious forum for sharing the latest achievements and trends in all areas of the study of the Bulgarian language in Bulgaria and around the world, as well as the advances of the ten departments of the Institute, including research carried out under national and international projects and in cooperation with scholarly centers in Bulgaria and abroad.
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The study analyzes the acoustic characteristics of the bilabial consonants bj, pj and mj in the Bulgarian language and of the bilabial consonants b, p and m in the Romanian language, when preceding the graphic combination ea. The comparative analysis is based on the type of F1 and F2 transition, as the transition of F1 frequencies with soft consonants is lower at the beginning (onset) and higher at the end (offset), while F2 is characterized by higher initial frequencies and lower final frequencies. The experiments show that the acoustic characteristics of the Romanian bilabial consonants b, p and m before ea are close to the acoustic characteristics of the Bulgarian soft bilabial consonants.
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