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The article makes a short review of the economic and political situation in the geographic area of Macedonia after the Berlin Congress of 1878. The author points out that the economy was in a state of decay due to the system of contracts to facilitate foreign investments (the so-called ‘capitulations’).
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The article reviews the problems of complex and single-based heteronyms with the meaning of “sluggard” in Macedonian dialects. The multiple composites are related to three word-formation categories – nomina agentis, nomina actoris and names of bearers of substantiate relation.
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The borrowed lexical items in Bulgarian dialects are of special importance. Stylistic differences between them are not as clearly expressed as in the literary language. Most styles characteristic for the literary language (scholarly, journalistic, official, etc.) are missing in the dialects.
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The article follows all the major stages in the development of the History Museum in Blagoevgrad, its character, functions, basic types of activities and the achievements of the Museum in the 50-year period since the time it was founded, as a result of which it has been established as the largest centre of national cultural and historical resources in the South-western parts of Bulgaria.
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Thales of Miletus (c. 624– c. 546 BC), the father of philosophy and one of the Seven Sages of Greece defines three main reasons for his gratitude to fate: first, for being born a man and not a wild animal; second, for being born a man and not a woman; third, for being born a Greek and not a barbarian. “Man, male and Greek” define and at the same time construct the identity of the polis citizen.The paper examines the paradigm of the relation-interpretation of the ancient Thracian world and the Thracians applied by classical Old-Attic culture, and accordingly by the Old-Attic comedy in constructing the polis identity of the Athenian citizens.The Otherness is – in general – the result of a discursive process in which the dominant group (we) constructs one or more dominated groups (They, Other) by stigmatization of difference – real or imaginary, presented as a denial of identity, but also as a motive for potential discrimination.A conclusion is proposed that Ancient Thrace, transformed and reduced to dramaturgical and cultural topos, was interpolated in the Old-Attic comedy so as to materialise the system of otherness and to be modelled as a paradigm of otherness, but also as an effort to overcome it by constructing models of increasing closeness. Key words: the identity of the polis citizen, Otherness, Thracian word, Thracians, dramaturgical and cultural topos.
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The paper traces the thesis that Thracian linguistic data are a purely linguistic issue, on the one hand, but on the other – a specific historical source providing evidence on the entire chronological range of Thracian history: from the settling of the bearers of the Indo-European dialect – the future Thracian language – in the Balkan Peninsula (the earliest Thracian toponymy) to the end of Antiquity and the assimilation of the Thracian language and ethnos (personal names, toponyms, theonyms and ethnonyms).
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Salmoneus, the son of Aeolus, had a daughter named Tyro. She is the issue from the marriage to his first wife, Alcidice. Once the mother died, and the father suffered a punishment by Zeus – he was punished with a lightning because of his pride, Tyro’s oncle Cretheus raised her and she subsequently married him. Before that, however, and against her will, Tyro gave birth to the twins Pelias and Neleus; their father was Poseidon, “God of the Sea”. Pelias was to become king of Iolcus. As for Neleus, he drove away the Leleges from Messenia, and has been even considered as the founder of Pylos.Sophocles keenly employed the mythological plot of Tyro in the dramas that he dedicated to her (fragments have been preserved). Apart from the literary analysis and through the scientific studies of nowadays, we link etymologically the name of Tyro to the early religious practices in Hellas and to some widely used namings and terms in the Ancient Greek language. These terms can also be used in a broader context, as they may strongly relate to the history and the culture of Ancient Thrace.
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After the conquest of Macedonia, the Romans built a provincial administration that took advantage of the Polis heritage of Hellenism. The political, economic and cultural life in the Middle Struma valley is closely related to the town municipality institution from the middle of the 2nd century BC until the 1st century AD. The traditions inherited from Hellenism in the urban self-government have been preserved and developed according to the Roman interests. The Roman political and tax system relies on the oligarchy, which leads to an increase in the influence of the town council and the limitation of the role of the National Assembly. The importance of the central administration, which begins to restrict local self-government, is growing gradually.
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The cave in the collective consciousness is closely associated with the earliest shelters and origin of man, the memory of which causes permanent return to these earth wombs. The utilization of the deep cave galleries has provoked in the primitive man various magical ideas and scenes. Inspired by the phenomenal formations and reliefs, his mind has built different images that sometimes he further developed with drawings and engravings.It can barely be found an answer to the question when the cave was sacralized (the same is valid for the sacralization of the rock). In the animistic consciousness of prehistoric man it was part of the complex essence of spiritualized nature. Moreover, the cave had special significance because it was recreating most figuratively the human-nature interactions and originated the illusion of passing into another dimension related to ancestors.
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The present paper deals with the phenomenon of the municipal life of the urban society in Late Antique Thrace in a case study of Philippopolis, and possibly Hadrianopolis concerning the invention and proclamation of the ancient origin of the city and its municipal elite. This phenomenon is revealed by the historical narratives which applied to the existence of pre-Roman settlement on both places – Eumolpiada, after Eumolpos and Orestias/Uscudama respectively. In both places the stress is on the Attic link.This phenomenon is also attested among the ‘Thracian’ municipal elite as the speeches of Himerius reveal in the case with Severus and his wife being proclaimed with royal origin, both also closely linked to Athens.It is believed that these and others manifestations of the local elite which closely followed that of Constantinopolitain elite, were logical consequence of the intellectual development of the society in Thrace, but it was also proclaimed to the contrary by the Christianity which started to prevail. The rule of Julian was a good reason for such manifestation, probably one of the last ones in this respect in Thracian cities.
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The article discusses the contribution made by the National Revival enlightenment figure, bookman, journalist and public figure Ivan Govedarov (“The Tsarigrad man”) on the cultural emancipation and national self-identification of Macedonian Bulgarians.
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