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Between the 20th and the 21st May this year the NATO summit took place in Chicago, in the presence of heads of states or governments of over 50 countries and international organizations.
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Ever since the Chicago Summit in May 2012, the Euro-Atlantic community has been imprinted, from the security and defence perspective, by the launch of a new initiative known as smart defence, a concept referring to the need to improve the way in which defence spending is made at the Alliance's level. Smart defence also has a corollary at EU's level - i.e., pooling and sharing - the two notions referring, overall, to the same procedure and implying a crucial need for the two organizations to coordinate their efforts in this respect.
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This article briefly presents the developments in time of the cooperation of the NATO member countries over the complex issue of constituting common defence capabilities with bigger emphasis on the last few years (2010-2012) following the difficulties emerging after the effects of the world economic crisis.
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This article briefly presents the racing developments of the scientific research and development in technology in some domains between the XVIIIth and XXIst centuries.
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The Smart Defence concept was introduced in the NATO policy in a time when the Alliance is confronted with new challenges generated by the global economic crisis, a lack of balance in the participation of the member states in the financing of common operations, threats coming from states that do not adhere to nuclear non-proliferation treaties, as well as the emergence of new state actors at the global level.
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In 2012, a new initiative in defence planning caught the attention of the entire Euro-Atlantic community, i.e. "smart defence" and its European corollary, "pooling and sharing". Basically, the two concepts define a new manner to make defence investments more efficient in the context created by the world economic and financial crisis. But, in our opinion, this initiative also has deeper significances at the strategic level and its implementation presupposes serious challenges. The present paper analyses the "smart defence" implications not only for the European security, but also for EU and NATO's future roles in the international arena.
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The present paper presents some considerations on the inclusion of sustainable rural development in the national security strategy of Romania as well as on the changes in the evolution of the national security strategy paradigm.
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The protesters' actions during the Arab Spring have benefited the consistent support of the information technologies and communications. Although this element is not unique in the landscape of the popular protest movement of the last decade , the way it influenced the Arab riots drew the attention of both political analysts and security and internal security services of all states.
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The concept of protection, the same as that of security, is a scientific and practical matter and therefore should be approached in close collaboration with the beneficiary, with complex analysis on stages and testing in the final phases. In fact the complexity of security and critical infrastructure protection is necessary to develop a new concept of protection which integrates the security and quality issues and to be able to counter the unfortunate event occurrence and ensure swift restoration of their functionality.
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The article discusses the influence of the Internet as one of the most critical information infrastructures to facilitate social networking for planning, inducing and enhancing coherent effects of the protests in states located in North Africa and the Middle East, during the so-called "Arab Spring" revolutionary social movements. The first part summarizes the political events in the region since the end of 2010 to the present with emphasis on the social impact in Tunisia and Egypt where the role of the internet has been shown as strongly related to the population turmoil. The essay further analyzes the impact of network use in correlation with the statistical distribution of users based on geographic and population layout.
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The world is changing and is becoming more interdependent. This global interdependence has led to a real international cooperation and, given this configuration, the emerging powers - Brazil, India, Russia, China, and recently South Africa - cannot be ignored in the global government process. Having as starting point a theoretical approach of the concept of emergent power, this article aims to present the positioning of emerging powers (Brazil, India, Russia, China, South Africa - BRICS) in the changing global system and how they are influencing the patterns of power in the system.
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When discussing the current strategic environment, there is the "when" of the Cold War and the first half of the '90s, and the "now" of today. The changing demography and migration patterns, ethnic and religious tensions, environmental degradation, instability coming from states that are likely to decline or have already fallen, and growing proliferation of weapons are just some of the problems that have exacerbated the differences between security "then" and "now", such as the transnational terrorist attacks after September 11, 2001.
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Globalization is a multidimensional process: information technology and other fields develop and spread with amazing rapidity. On the one hand, these developments allow the possibility of economic prosperity, political freedom, promoting peace and democracy, but on the other hand, they can lead to social fragmentation, to the creation of critical vulnerabilities and to states of emergency or conflict. Local threats are now easily becoming regional or even global. For an efficient and effective response to these threats, security cooperation is absolutely necessary. There are global threats which regional cooperation cannot cope with, but there are also regional threats for which global cooperation does not have the necessary tools to counter, regional cooperation being more effective.
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It is obvious that the infrastructure for defense represents a vital necessity for every nation in the context of the present day processes of European and international integration. Provision of current security, both at the European and national levels, depends on the transformation triggered by the European economic integration, and by the national economic development, but terrorism, corruption and labor migration are causing new risks and threats. Therefore, the redefinition of the traditional security concept is necessary by taking into account the non-conventional risks.
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The present paper presents that the surrounding environment and its resources preservation for the current and future generation represent vital issues for the long-term humankind sustainable economic development, energetic or food security. The author considers that food security guaranteed at national, regional or global level cannot be treated independently from AACI, no matter whether we consider cultivable fields, irrigation systems, warehouses, means of transportation, or the protection systems against flooding and other types of protection means. The identification, configuration and securing of AACI, according to principles and criteria that need wise elaboration, became compulsory elements in order to pass to the operational and actional dimension, shaping the attitude towards the evolution of certain components of national and international security environment.
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It is well-known the surrounding environment and the human society often bears the action of some extremely dangerous phenomena with diverse origin, natural or human, able to produce destructive and brutal detuning in certain established systems or situations. These events (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, land slides, storms, floods, drought, fires, technological accidents, conflict situations, etc.) usually occur unexpectedly and can cause many victims, a large amount of material damage, ecological unbalances and even severe disturbances of the psychological and moral state of the population being under the incidence of the respective phenomenon.
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The Heads of State and Government of the NATO nations decided to fulfill the Alliance's mission in ensuring "their common defense and security". When NATO has put into practice this Strategic Concept, the Alliance will be more "effective in a changing world, against new threats, with new capabilities and new partners". This Concept reasserts the bond between NATO nations to defend one another against attack, and against new threats and "to keep the door to NATO open" to all European states "that meet the standards of membership", because enlargement contributes to the Alliance's "goal of a United Europe, free and at peace".
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This article briefly presents the international security environment developments, evaluated in a realistic way in the new "Strategic Concept - NATO (Lisbon 2010)"; potential threats and hazards, both military and non-military, are present on a global, regional, national scale, determining an adequate NATO and EU reaction, and also from the member states. States and organizations currently pay and will pay special attention to building up and strengthening viable and effective systems of "Emergency Situations (Crisis) Management". This is also the case of Romania which has started this complex and expensive process in 2004, with satisfying results until now.
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Broadly speaking, globalization represents the general process of development of the social and economic environment including liberalism and norms. Globalization is naturally perceived as a benefit in the fields and contexts where it is supposed to trigger social content. Where it is about the reversed situation, globalization is perceived as responsible for all the evil and suffering which others are guilty of. Mankind has undoubtedly made great progress in accordance with the technological, economic and social growth. In this context, globalization is perceived both as cause and effect of the contemporary advances, becoming outstanding provided that the general moral values are taken into account. If thought of as useless, these general life principles intentionally accompany the social present and future world.
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In November 2010, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) adopted a new Strategic Concept that will serve as the Alliance's roadmap for the next ten years, adopting new approaches in international engagement and aiming to further develop its capacity to defend against the threat of chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear weapons of mass destruction (WMDs).
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