Elbeszélt történelem
Interview with Gáspár Kosztolányi who as a levente (member of a paramilitary youth organization), was prisoner of war in the Western front during World War II.
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Interview with Gáspár Kosztolányi who as a levente (member of a paramilitary youth organization), was prisoner of war in the Western front during World War II.
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László Öllös, political philosopher, associate professor, president of the Forum Minority Research Institute speaks about his professional trajectories, the communist regime, events of the 1968 revolution in Czechoslovakia, opposition activities, the Velvet Revolution in 1989, political transition in the CEE countries. He also details his public activities, theoretical and research work focusing on human rights, national rights, ethnic minority rights, constitutional issues, national identity, civil society. Among his special spheres of interest belong issues such as Slovak–Hungarian reconciliation, national division, European identity, political community, constitutional value system.
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Molnár Imre (összeáll.): „Gyűlölködés helyett összefogás” Adalékok a két világháború közti csehszlovákiai magyar értelmiségi és diákmozgalmak történetéhez. Somorja, Fórum Kisebbségkutató Intézet, 2016, 312 p. /Elbeszélt történelem, 5./
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Formulaity as the basement for transfer of the oral prose tradition can be discovered in novelettes, as well. One can recognize the talent of a story-teller in examples of formula in individual performances. As a model, one can make use of novelettes from the manuscript collection of oral-literature kinds of a teacher, etnographer and writer for children, Hamdija Mulić, which were developed during his teaching period in Hrasnica at the beginning of 20th century.
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The Serbo-Croatian Moslems also have the Oriental Moslem tradition of Dadjdjal the Moslem Antichrist, as well as the tradition of the Biblical Gog and Magog, According to a Bosnian folk belief. Dadjdjal, Gog and Magog are in a citadel, surrounded by a wall and called "Ćin i Maćin”, as Bosnian Moslems pronounce the names China and Manchou, used both for the two nations and their countries. In the author’s opinion the motif of the Chinese Wall came independently of the myth of Dadjdjal into Bosnia, where it became a part of that myth. By the way and as an argument the author presents the fact that several motifs from the medieval novel of Alexander the Great, have penetrated even into the folk tradition of the Bosnian Serb; this tradition now contains a motif of Russia as a far distant country having built a great wall in order to defend itself from the Cynocephals.
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This paper examines, from the perspective of the local inhabitants, the consequences of the landscape transformation associated with the construction of the Gabčíkovo hydroelectric power plant and with the diversion of the Danube River. There was embedded a static water reservoir and a drainage unit of a rigid shape into the constantly changing, mosaic-like landscape of the former delta of the river on the Rye Island. Its story is about the headway of the central power and of the control over the local worlds. The reservoir and the outlet channel rise as a kind of boundary across the landscape, differentiating the adjacent municipalities according to what actually separates whom from something on its one side or the other. The tear has been suffered not only in the physical sense but the river´s shape has also torn in two: in the Old Danube and the New Danube. Ruptures emerged in the landscape, and, subsequently, in the social relationships too, as the formerly joint municipalities were cut off, and, contrarily, those never constituting a unit, now became connected—a new natural geographical unit has been created between the Old Danube and the outlet channel, an island that has never existed before: the Small Rye Island. The external costs of the investment have been passed on to the local landscape and the local people. Those residing at the place bear various scars and injustices, only a part of which become verbalized. This study records and analyzes recollections and attitudes of the locals, from the first news about the power plant through its construction, and its consequences lasting until the present day.
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In the article, I deal with the use of the oral history method in museums. This museum method was the theme of the annual conference of ICOM/ICME, held in Nafplion in Greece in 2005. Oral history, that is, the oral method of data collection, is one of the methods that ethnologists/anthropologists use in field work and, thus, museum staff also. Data collected in this way and used, for example, in exhibitions in an unaltered form (or, at least, altered to the smallest extent possible), enables the collocutors themselves to speak out, rather than having their words interpreted by experts, researchers or museum staff, as is most frequently the case. The new technologies make it possible for data collected by the oral history method to be presented in various ways (films on video-tapes or DVD formats, recorded sounds or statements, transcribed tests on show at the exhibition), which offer a host of opportunities for utilization of the method in museums. During realization of the textile handicrafts in Istria research project, we used that method and applied it to a certain extent at the Weavers in Istria exhibition, which was the outcome of the project. Part of the article deals with the examples and experiences of the Ethnographic Museum of Istria on that very project. Collected material that was not used in the exhibition remains at our disposal for future Ethnographic Museum of Istria projects, while attention is simultaneously drawn in this article to the need for establishment of an archive of information collected by the oral history method.
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The author make a synthesis of ethnobotanic investigations undertaken between 1969 and 2011 in those 41 localities of folkloric zone Valea Hârtibaciului/Hârtibaci Valley (South Transylvania). The research was made with an original questionary with over hundred questions. In those more then 60 itineraries in zone 460 people were asked. The results of ethnobotanic investigations evidenced that people knows at least 765 vegetal species. From those 450 are or were used in nourishment, medicine, magic, rituals, decorations, painted a.o. Were are identified 1508 local names of plants, more then 150 new, unreported form another zones of Romania. Were are noted linguistic, floristic-chorologic, ecologic and ethographic aspects.
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In der vorliegenden Arbeit ist von zwei Helden die Rede. Beide Helden erwachsen aus der Tradition und den literarischen Werken. Tradition und Literatur geben diesen Helden eine besondere Prägung, auf der literaturgeschichtlichen, stilistischen und kulturanthropologischen Ebene. Die Kategorie Raum-Zeit wird hier durch zwei Helden aus zwei verschiedenen Gattungen dargestellt, der Kunsterzählung, die unter spezifischen Bedingungen des 12. Jahrhunderts entstanden ist, und des mündlichen Epos aus der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts. Die Kategorie Raum-Zeit stellt das Spezifische der gegenwärtigen Zeit und ihrer unmittelbaren Auswirkungen auf den Helden einerseits und das Spezifische des Augenbicks im mündlichen Epos andererseits dar, der immer wieder vergangene Augenblicke beleuchtet und zugleich seine Quellen aus der Vergangenheit schöpft. Das korrespondiert mit dem, was Bachtin meint, wenn er von der Vergangenheit in der Gegenwart spricht. Meho Smailagic, der Held aus dem volkstümlichen Epos Zenidba Smailagina Sina und Parzival aus der Geschichte vom Graal sind nur Produkte verschiedener Zeiten und Räume ebenso wie die Menschen Avdo Medjedovic und Chretien de Troyes, mit all dem, was sie mit sich bringen und darstellen. Bei Avdo Medjedovic ist es seine Tradition, und bei Chretien des Troyes die poetische Phantasie des 12. Jahrhunderts in Verbindung mit dem Erbe der Vergangenheit. Zenidba Smailagina Sina (die Hochzeit des Sohnes des Smail-Aga) feiert im Rahmen des Epos die Inititation im persönlichen und gesellschaftlichen Raum, während in der Geschichte vom Graal das Problem in der Spaltung zwischen dem persönlichen des Helden und dem Gesellschaftlichen liegt. Das Chronotyp besteht in der Geschichte vom Graal in der Antithese des Natürlichen und Gesellschaftlichen, und im mündlichen Epos Zenidba Smailagina Sina in der Vollkommenheit der Raum-Zeit. Die Gattung eines Kunstwerkes, eine Erzählung, ein Roman folgt den Überzeugungen dessen Autors, der das Geheimnis der Raum-Zeit kennt. Die Gattung des mündlichen Epos folgt dem bekannten Chronotyp der Tradition, das durch eingebürgerte stilistische Mittel jahrhundertelang immer wieder erneuert wird. Schließlich besteht der Sinn darin, auf Grundlage der mündlichen und schriftlichen Literatur die Suche nach Raum-Zeit, ihr Durchdringen und das Sich-Binden an die Tradition zu zeigen.
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As the title illustrates, the paper Four Decades of Philological Education in Sibiu represents a brief survey of the methods of studying the traditional culture and civilization within the learning process and academic research since the foundation of the Faculty of History and Philology in Sibiu, 40 years ago. The article evokes the outstanding personality of Gheorghe Pavelescu, a professor of folklore and ethnology, whose scientific prestige gave the University of Sibiu the opportunity to integrate its studies into the Romanian ethnological movement from the beginning. In parallel, the ethnology department of the Institute of Social Research developed research into traditional culture and civilization as did the Association of Folklore Researchers and Ethnographers in Sibiu County, founded in 1977. The Faculty of History and Philology took part in all the major and significant ethnological research projects organized in Mărginime, Valea Târnavelor and Ţara Oltului, mostly by professors who also coordinated the first printed syntheses starting in the 1970’s: Gheorghe Pavelescu, Cornel Irimie, Corneliu Bucur, Ilie Moise. The journals “Forschungen zur Volks – und Landeskunde”, “Transilvania” and “Studies of Ethnology” have had a major role in ethnological studies by periodically publishing the results of the investigations into traditional culture and civilization in southern Transylvania.
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This article comments on the different concepts of the "other" reality, its images, and their secondary verbal interpretations. Having in mind the historical changes in content of the concepts of the "other" reality, I consider its peculiar adaptation in contemporary cultural processes. Comparing these concepts with those inherent in the traditional culture, I study the continuation of a certain semantic line in today's modeling of the meanings of the "other" reality. Regardless of whether we find a transformation of mythological images, historical events or works of art, the concept of the "other" world becomes a part of contemporary cultural ideology. Stories about contact with the "other" world connect the actualized old with newly-formed concepts and images in order to outline a full picture of the world and to unite its elements in a specific integral entity.
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The article recalls the context in which the author became acquainted with the Romanian history in a time when the scholarly study of this subject in the United States was still at its beginnings. Although, it seems rather like a memorialistic approach, the article offers a pertinent view on the Academic chalallenges of an American historian in a communist state. The study is about history and historians, about political realities and culture, about elites and prejudices and the relations between Romania and the United States of America.
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ZNAMENITE LIČNOSTI IZ SREBRENIČKE HISTORIOGRAFIJE Danas sa žalošću možemo konstatovati da je značajan dio srebreničke historije, na određen način usljed nedostatka izvora zauvijek izgubljen. Međutim, stanje je još gore kada su u pitanju ljudi koji […]
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The paper investigates new trends in the genre of memoirs in the beginning of the 21st century, taking as an example the family history of one of the foremost Irish writers. Rory & Ita, the first non-fictional work of Roddy Doyle, focuses on the paralleled lives of his parents and reveals Ireland in the complexity of its transformation through the 20th century. Dubbed by positive critics as a work of oral history offering a new standard in the memoir and biography, Rory & Ita has provoked a surprising amount of negative response. The paper seeks to find explanations for this reaction, and, pursuing such an aim, to discuss narrative strategies underlying the text.
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This paper examines, from the perspective of the local inhabitants, the consequences of the landscape transformation associated with the construction of the Gabčíkovo hydroelectric power plant and with the diversion of the Danube River. There was embedded a static water reservoir and a drainage unit of a rigid shape into the constantly changing, mosaic-like landscape of the former delta of the river on the Rye Island. Its story is about the headway of the central power and of the control over the local worlds. The reservoir and the outlet channel rise as a kind of boundary across the landscape, differentiating the adjacent municipalities according to what actually separates whom from something on its one side or the other. The tear has been suffered not only in the physical sense but the river´s shape has also torn in two: in the Old Danube and the New Danube. In consequence of artificial interventions, raptures emerged in the natural environment too, the formerly coherent, interconnected habitats have separated from each other, water dynamics has changed, and it brought profound consequences. This study describes the change of landscape and nature, based on observations of the local inhabitants.
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Rozmowa z politykiem nie jest łatwym zadaniem dla badacza, który musi mieć na uwadze wpojone świadkowi historii zasady gry. Analiza wywiadu biograficznego i dziennikarskiego z profesorem historii i ministrem spraw zagranicznych w latach 1985–1988, Marianem Orzechowskim, pozwoliła nakreślić zalety i wady oraz różnice i podobieństwa obu metod, a także zwrócić uwagę na cechy charakterystyczne relacji polityków doby PRL, jak schematyczność, intelektualny miszmasz, podanie, opartej na półprawdach, zinterpretowanej i sprawdzonej opowieści. W artykule poruszona zostaje kwestia dotarcia do mentalności i tożsamości polityka, a także wartość faktograficzna wywiadów, przy założeniu, że wszystkie świadectwa mówione są psychologicznie prawdziwe. Talking to a politician is not an easy task for a researcher who needs to be mindful of the fact that the witness to history is playing by a given set of rules. The analysis of a biographical and journalistic interview with Marian Orzechowski, a professor of history and Poland’s foreign minister from 1985 to 1988, allows us to outline the advantages and disadvantages and differences and similarities between the two methods of interviewing and to make note of the characteristic features of the relationships between politicians of the communist period, such as the schematics, the intellectual mishmash, and the narration of a story based on the semi-truths which is then interpreted and verified. This article addresses the question of understanding the mentality and identity of the politician as well as the factual value of interviews, assuming that all the spoken testimonies are psychologically true.
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Doświadczenia żydowskich emigrantów z Polski po II wojnie światowej można przyporządkować odpowiednim falom migracyjnym, następującym po istotnych wydarzeniach historycznych. Przykładem tego jest alija gomułkowska z lat 1956–1960 oraz emigracja po wydarzeniach Marca 1968 r. Niniejszy tekst dotyczy narracji świadków historii – polskich Żydów, którzy opuści kraj w jednej z tych dwóch fal i osiadli na stałe w Izraelu. W oparciu o relacje historii mówionej odtwarzam ich trajektorie biograficzne, w tym punkty styczne narracji oraz stosunek rozmówców do Polski, wyrażający się w pamięci o „pierwszej ojczyźnie”, kulturowym zakorzenieniu oraz obecnej aktywności wobec Polski. Wynikające z narracji deklaracje uwypuklają dwoistość tożsamości świadków historii, ich identyfikacje z żydowskością oraz polskością. Natomiast obraz Polski, często sentymentalny i nostalgiczny, jest mocno zakorzeniony w doświadczeniach z okresu pobytu w kraju, zarówno tych pozytywnych (relacje międzyludzkie, miejsca), jak i negatywnych (antysemityzm). Wpływają na niego również współczesne wydarzenia oraz podróże do Polski. The experiences of Jewish emigrants from Poland after World War II can be categorised according to the appropriate migratory waves occurring following significant historical events. An example of this is the Gomułka Aliyah of the years 1956 to 1960 and emigration after the events of March 1968. This text concerns the narration of witnesses to history – Polish Jews – who left the country during one of these two waves and who settled permanently in Israel. Based on their oral history narratives, I describe their biographical trajectories, including points touching upon the narrative and the relationship of the interlocutors to Poland, as expressed in their memory of “their first homeland”, their cultural roots and their current activities connected with Poland. The declarations resulting from the narratives highlight the duality of the identity of witnesses to history: their identification with Jewishness and Polishness. However, the image of Poland, often sentimental and nostalgic, is firmly rooted in their experiences of their time in the country, both positive (personal relationships, places) and negative (antisemitism). This image is also influenced by contemporary events and visits to Poland.
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Tapestries; As in many parts of Anatolia, Aksaray has a deep-rooted tradition. Aksaray is a famous carpet center since the Seljuk period, and this tradition continued in the Ottoman period. All varieties of Taşpınar carpets are decorated with motifs of vegetable origin placed in geometrical order. It is difficult to say what the origin of herbal ornaments is because of the over-stylized floral motifs used on today’s carpets. Taşpınar carpets are also rich in variety. Since the main material of the carpet is wool, it is used in sheep breeding and living in the mountain and plain villages of Aksaray. Like all weaving centers in the Central Anatolia Region, Taşpınar used natural dyes obtained from the plant until the 1950s.but after these dates, synthetic dyes and natural dyes have been started to be applied. Today, only carpets are colored with natural vegetable dyes. When the motives used in Taşpınar weaving samples are examined; it is seen that motifs have rich compositions of floral motifs placed on geometric order. In the research, the field research method was used and the oral history of the Taşpınar carpets, the motives and meanings of the rugs were collected and the purpose of sharing this information was obtained.
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