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Review of: Agata Domochowska - Anna Mazurkiewicz, Uchodźcy polityczni z Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej… w amerykańskiej polityce zimnowojennej 1948–1954, Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, Uniwersytet Gdański, Warszawa–Gdańsk 2016, ss. 544
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Review of: Mariusz Dzięglewski - Wszyscy jesteśmy migrantami. (Od)zyskiwanie migracyjnej pamięci, (red.) Natalia Bloch, Centrum Kultury ZAMEK, Poznań 2016, ss. 346
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The aim of the essay is to show the birth of the Kraków liberal community in the years 1977–1980. An attempt is made to reconstruct the main ideological assumptions of the liberal entourage in the context of the opposition activities of Robert Kaczmarek and Mirosław Dzielski. The author refers to the main events occurring in this period, such as the establishment of the Prywatna Inicjatywa Krakowska (Private Cracow Initiative) and the magazine Merkuryusz Krakowski i Światowy, as well as paying special attention to the program texts that were published in it. The article also contains a reconstruction of the debate aimed at classifying the views presented by Mirosław Dzielski.
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Organizatorzy konferencji postawili tak trafne pytania, że chciałoby się odpowiedzieć na wiele z nich, tym bardziej że nie zgadzam się z większością przesłanek, z których te pytania wyprowadzili. Sądzę bowiem, że liberalizm w Polsce nie ma takich tradycji, z których rozwinęły się idee liberalne lat dziewięćdziesiątych XX wieku. Liberalizm został do Polski importowany, o czym przekonująco — w każdym razie dla mnie — pisał Jerzy Szacki jeszcze wówczas, gdy wydawało się, że ideologia ta dominuje wręcz w życiu publicznym. Szacki przedstawił też przyczyny owego cudu, a także szanse — jego zdaniem raczej nikłe — na to, że okrzepnie on w naszym kraju i nabierze, jak to nazwał, charakteru „integralnego”. Profesor Szacki zmarł w październiku 2016 roku, miał więc jeszcze sposobność przekonać się, że jego pesymizm był w pełni uzasadniony.
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Jednoznaczne określenie stanowiska filozoficznego Bronisława Łagowskiego w ramach współcześnie dominujących doktryn politycznych nie wydaje się możliwe. W swoich pismach bardzo często reprezentuje on stanowisko własne, niezależne, co w konsekwencji daje autorską mieszankę poglądów konserwatywnych i liberalnych, zachowawczych i postępowych. Mimo to postać Łagowskiego często łączona jest ze środowiskiem konserwatywnym, a książka Państwo znikąd (Łagowski, 2017) pozwala czytelnikowi poddać ten pogląd gruntownej rewizji. Poniższa recenzja Państwa znikąd ma zwrócić uwagę na wybrane refleksje filozofa w kontekście myśli konserwatywnej.
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On the Polish market, original and stylised products referring to the era of socialism are becoming popular. These are mainly cultural and entertainment products with both everyday and artistic items being offered and purchased on online auction portals while the production of sentimental memorabilia from the period of the Polish People’s Republic is also being developed. At the same time, the growing interest in Poland as a tourist destination among both domestic and foreign tourists is the reason for the increasing curiosity of its socialist past. Therefore, tourist offers based on relics of that era are increasingly being created on the domestic tourist market, however, the quality of these products and services sometimes raises concerns over the quality of the message that they carry. The main question is whether this is only a simplified message based on stereotypes which give the recipient only a truncated and shallow picture of Poland’s difficult past. This article discusses the main trends and the conditions necessary for the creation of services and products based on relics of socialism in Poland and is based on sources from Polish and foreign literature, both academic and professional, as well as the websites of businesses and institutions creating such market offers.
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The article presents the state of development and forms of entrepreneurship in two catchments located in the Beskid Niski mountain range. The often described process of the disappearance of economic activity in mountain areas, especially agriculture, was the reason for undertaking the research. The purpose was to check these changes and their directions in the catchment areas, also in a historical perspective. Factors that could have influenced the formation of entrepreneurial attitudes were given. The examples in the article can be useful in delivering topics during entrepreneurship classes in high school. Historical data was obtained through literature query. Information about the population, farms and local enterprises was collected at the Dukla commune office and village councils and through interviews. Changes in land cover were determined in GIS on the basis of two source materials (from 1978 and 2015). Despite significant political, economic and social changes (population exchange, sudden dissolution of State Agricultural Farms, depopulation of villages), both agricultural and agro-tourist farms operate in the catchments. The current land cover structure is similar to the 1970s. The EU subsidies for agriculture has encouraged entrepreneurs to take over state-owned agricultural land and their development. This case is worth discussing during entrepreneurship classes.
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The political transformation in Poland resulted in the politicization of social life. It was also due to the press, including the women’s press sector. At that time, in press intensified the discourse on political changes and forecasted the direction of reforms, drawing also her own scenarios of solutions to women’s problems. The aim of the research was to show the political dimensions of the Polish press for women in the years 1989-1992. The research covered the most widely read magazines for women dealing with social and political issues on the agenda: the weeklies „ Kobieta i Życie”, „Przyjaciółka” and „ Zwierciadło ”. Two hypotheses were formulated: 1) the editorial staff of the Polish press for women in the indicated research period did not avoid political declarations, 2) the political discourse was undertaken through the prism of gender equality not so much in the formal and legal dimension as in practical. Qualitative analysis of the press content was used in the research.
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The press language of the 21st century is increasingly influenced by the discourse of the Internet, in particular social networks, live journals, forums, blogs, and memes. The vocabulary used by Internet users, including neologisms, pass into the language of the press, which is becoming more and more liberated. The semantic neologisms described in the article emerged or gained popularity in connection with the socio-political events of 2013–2014, in particular the conflict in Donbas. Some lexemes that previously existed in the language began to be widely used in new meanings in the Internet discourse, which results from the changing reality in the country. The need to nominate new phenomena and express an assessment of the elements of the surrounding reality led to the spread of neosemanticisms associated with this conflict in the press. The article consists a review of selected semantic neologisms, which are of particular interest, according to the author, and have come into mass use since 2014.
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The article describes the aspects of Joachim Zintel’s (Berlin, 1943) graphics that are referred to as typography. In his graphics, the artist processes snippets of memories of the flight from Stettin to Berlin at the end of the World War II. But it is not the historical events that come to the fore in the graphics, but the processes of remembering and forgetting, the themes of images that are characterized by shifts, highlights, obscuring, blurring and gaps.
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The basic research assumption of this article is that the theme of the press, together with its derivative forms, was present in the statements of politicians that were given during the parliamentary debates of the interwar period, and related to the multi-threaded panorama of the most important events constituting the history of this period. These topics appeared in a specific and identifiable context, and through their diversity they presented, from the perspective of the Sejm tribunes, the complexity of the political, social, economic, and cultural problems of interwar Poland. Therefore, when studying these texts, it is first necessary to consider how to decipher them, before moving on to determine the intensity of their occurrence and to establish the relationship between the participants of communication, and finally to identify the direct addressee. In fact, the topic of each speech was related to its main illocution. The source material for this research project will be the Transcripts of the Sittings of the Legislative Sejm (1919–1922), which was formed in February 1919, and the Transcripts of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland (1922–1939).
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This article assesses the saturation of the local press with the subject of public libraries. The authors analyzed the statements regarding public libraries of the Zielonogórskie voivodeship that were published in “Gazeta Nowa” in 1990–1993. The publication of this particular daily was considered to be the most important media initiative of the period in the Zielonogórskie area. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the subject matter of the published content included 783 issues of the newspaper. Opinions regarding public libraries were recorded in 520 of them. These were both articles devoted solely to libraries and mentions in articles on broadly understood culture, along with short messages in the news columns. Press releases were confronted with information concerning the functioning of the libraries of the Zielonogórskie voivodeship available at the Archive of the Cyprian Norwid Voivodeship and Municipal Public Library in Zielona Góra.
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The author tries to describe in the article the research method of Stanisław Tarnowski presented in his fundamental dissertation: Studies to the History of Polish Literature. Political writers of the 16th century. The work was published in 1886 and it contained strong references to the current research methodologies. As it turns out, Tarnowski opposes contemporary „scientism” (or, after MacIntyre, „encyclopedism”). He emphasizes his emotional approach, pointing to a strongly utilitarian understanding of reading passion. The category of „who harmed and who did not harm” Poland is at the same time an absolutely individual research perspective, which should perhaps be included in the romantic convention of historical literary research. The author points out that although this research perspective is very anachronistic today, it brings unexpected and very interesting readings of political texts from the 16th century, thanks to which Tarnowski’s fundamental work still has great cognitive potential.
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The text presents the history of the underground publishing house Wydawnictwo Dobra Powszedniego, created during martial law at Ryjewo in the north of Poland on the initiative of the University of Gdańsk students. Based on archival research and oral accounts, this article presents the origins of the underground publishing house, identifi es the places and ways of printing (as well as some of the publications) and describes the distribution system. The text also focuses on the local specifi cities of this publishing initiative and on related organisational problems.
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The text discusses Dorota Skotarczak’s 2022 academic publication, entitled Stanisław Bareja. Jego czasy i fi lmy [Stanisław Bareja. His Times and Films]. The author of the review article placed his study in the context of the history of People’s Poland.
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Labour emigration from Galicia to France between 1908 and 1914 represents an initial and little-researched phase of the emigration movement of the fi rst half of the 20th century. Letters from peasants wishing to go to France are an important research source for this issue. This article is part of preparations for a planned source publication of letters to the envoy to the Diet of the Kingdom of Galicia, Wiktor Skołyszewski, from Galician peasants and workers wishing to go to work in France in the early 20th century. The issues are presented in the context of the state of research on the subject of labour emigration, mainly from Galicia.
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The article is a fragment of the author’s research project into the preservation by historians of the memory of past people, events and publications and symbols functioning in the past. Here, the author’s interest focuses on a conspiratorial pamphlet published in the Warsaw underground in 1943 with jokes circulating in occupied Poland and the fate of all those who contributed to this publication.
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This article aims to present the female personnel of the Offi ce of the Warsaw District Headquarters during the Warsaw Uprising. This topic was not adequately undertaken so far. Women assigned to various services and civilian structures played a vital role during the Warsaw Uprising, and it was noticed by both Polish commanders and Germans.
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Review of: Andrii Portnov, Dnipro. An Entangled History of a European City, Academic Studies Press, Boston 2022, 376 pp.
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The paper presents the changes in Georgian foreign policy after the collapse of the USSR. The historical context of Georgian ties with the West and attempts to build their own security policy after 1991, which required resignation from the traditional support for Germany. The analysis covers the period from the proclamation of independence and the first free parliamentary elections in 1990 to the 2013. For the politicians of the Second Republic, relations with Russia and the support shown to the Georgian state by the United States were of key importance. The August war in 2008 inhibited Georgian activity in the international arena and restored Russian influence in that country
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