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A New Image of Women's Freedom Interpretation and Discourse of Female Labour in the Austro-Hungarian Feminist Press

Author(s): Dóra Czeferner / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2013

Among Hungarian historians the subject-matter of female labour has gradually become a popular topic. The research work can be placed to the borderline of two disciplines: female history and history of journalism in the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. With the application of news analysis, discourse analysis and text linguistics, the study intend to prove that women.s movements at the beginning of the 20th century considered the safeguarding of female workers. interests as essential as the fight for women.s enfranchisement. The author analyses the views, opinions mediated by the Austro-Hungarian feminist periodical press ‒ The Woman and The Society (A Nő és a Társadalom) and New Woman.s Life (Neues Frauenleben) ‒about female labour and the working conditions of working women between 1907 and 1913.

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Библиографија часописа „Женски свет: лист добротворних задруга Српкиња“

Author(s): Gordana Đoković,Dragana Grujić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2012

Women's World: Journal of Serbian Women's Charity Associations was edited by Arkadije Varadjanin since 1886 until 1914. Basic information about the journal, its editor and the foundation of charity associations in Vojvodina is followed by a bibliography which refers to the first five years of publication (1886-1890) and contains 659 bibliographical units described de visu.

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Proza Vere Obrenović-Delibašić (narativ revolucije: rodna mjesta ženske emancipacije?)

Author(s): Mevlida Đuvić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 5/2015

This paper deals with the opus of the relatively unexplored writer Vera Obrenović-Delibašić (1906), who participated in the Bosnian Herzegovinian literary life between two world wars by writing mostly poetry and short stories. After the war, she published novels which were focused on people’s uprising and antifascist fight (Kroz Ničiju Zemlju in 1948 and 1959, Višnja iz Ničije Zemlje in 1971), as well as short stories (Zore nad mahalama in 1955). It is precisely this prose and the narrative of revolution and the revolutionary times that this paper will focus on, with the aim of exploring the story of the national liberation struggle through the issue of the emancipatory potential of her stories and the (r) evolutions they represent. The symbolic discourse of reality of a time, an ideology, a culture, society and history is questioned in the paper. The question that is being asked is: Does this prose set in motion, by narrating a revolution, possible scenarios of emancipation of the individual from the patrilinear community which, in its antifascist aims, revolutionises its ways of life? And if so, what models of freedom, truth or justice does it offer when it comes to women’s position in that world? Is there such a representation to be found at all in this prose? In other words: How are models of gender, home, homeland, and freedom represented in the prose of Vera Obrenović-Delibašić when a woman’s name stands next to these formulas of meaning?

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Femme béyalaène, une libération impossible ? : Autour de quelques controverses sur la trajectoire de la femme chez Calixthe Beyala

Author(s): Duplex Désiré Nembouet Kuella / Language(s): French Issue: 4-I/2010

Calixthe Beyala stands as one of the most prominent francophone African writers. She is very critical towards social values but is better known through her aesthetics whose main characteristic is the systematic rejection of some Values of the African society and the Christian civilization such as the notion of family, the status of the male in the family etc. She gives important roles to the margins in her novels: women, prostitutes, lesbians etc. Her outcast language goes against social taboos and propriety. She overly talks about sex in a non “conventional” language. Her determination to emancipate the woman in her novels through the reappropriation of her body leads nevertheless to a paradox: the perverse use of the said body. In her novels, the woman, once freed, gets herself involved in other degrading situations: prostitutions, lesbianism, sexual delinquency etc. From the way women behave in her novels, it is as if they free themselves to better compromise themselves. They are as if doomed since their struggle for freedom leads them to other situations of enslavement hence the boomerang effect that we are analyzing in their path here.

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Une lecture de La Paix des champs d'Auguste Dupouy. La représentation de la femme en Bretagne, entre mythe et réalité

Author(s): Eric David / Language(s): French Issue: 4-I/2010

Auguste Dupouy fue un escritor bretón que escribió durante la primera parte del siglo XX. Escribió sus novelas siguiendo los pasos de Anatole Le Braz y Charles Le Goffic. Éstos describieron un tipo de mujer bretona basándose en las raíces míticas y en distintas referencias literarias. Sin embargo, ésta aparece en sus novelas dotada de una singular modernidad. Luego del trabajo realizado por estos escritores, A. Dupouy resaltara la oposición que existe entre la fantasía y la realidad de la cual esta compuesta el personaje. Bretón, de origen modesto, comienza a estudiar literatura, alcanzando así en 1895 el titulo de profesor ; enseñó al final de su carrera en el liceo Louis Le Grand, uno de los liceos de mayor prestigio de la capital francesa. Y es ésta evolución que le permitirá desarrollar el personaje femenino en sus novelas, clasificándola como la representación directa de una Bretaña mutante y llena de cambios. Si analizamos los distintos personajes femeninos que aparecen en su novela La Paix des Champs, nos percatamos de la existencia de una realidad, de un pasado idealizado, de un presente y de un futuro completamente inmóviles en el tiempo. Asimismo, éstas permiten exteriorizar toda una multitud de referencias ya sean bretonas, clásicas, sociológicas o literarias. Vamos a constatar con el estudio de ésta novela, como el personaje femenino es el símbolo fundamental de una Bretaña ubicada en el núcleo del mundo y de igual manera como ésta es fruto de la creación del hombre que la percibe.

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Les moyens d’affirmations des associations féministes dans la période de l’entre-deux-guerres

Author(s): Andreea Dimitriu / Language(s): French Issue: 4-I/2010

During the interwar period, the Feminist Movement witnesses a continuous growth, until 1930, manifested by the multiplying of its associations - a phenomenon followed by their association as The National Women Council – and by the amplification of its activities in the public sphere. After gaining - for the municipal elections - the right to vote, the evolution of the Movement is marked by the conflict between the Feminist leaders concerning the implication of women in the political life. The main means for the affirmation of the Feminist societies – like gatherings and public debate, petitions and written statements, the press and cultural and educational activities – bring the Movement to the public attention. Moreover, their intensification proves the maturation and the strengthening of the Feminist message. Consequently, one can consider the period taken into consideration as the highest peak of the Romanian Feminism.

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Présences féminines dans le cyberespace littéraire

Author(s): Daniela Petroşel / Language(s): French Issue: 4-I/2010

The paper examines different perspectives on feminity in some contemporary Romanian works which can be seen as cyberpunk fictions: Cinci nori coloraţi pe cerul de răsărit by Florina Ilis, Derapaj by Ion Manolescu, and Vincent nemuritorul by Bogdan Suceavă. Our approach identifies the role and the features of feminine characters in a technological world usually seen as a manlike territory. The presence of futuristic themes, the play between actual and virtual reality, the serious (or ironic) meditation on the ethics of technology introduce new (or the same old) attributes for feminine figures. The female characters’identity is mainly projected by the masculine into a technological (pseudo)reality, on the tv’ s or computer’ screen. Unable to understand and to tame the feminine unknown, the male characters convert it into an electronic medium. Instead of a phalocentric perspective, when woman is seen as a powerless object, the omnipresence of the masculine (narrative) apprehension describes an alteration of the perceptive system, the male’fragility and the dependence on technological devices.

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Romanian Migrant Women in Paris: Gender Representations in Angus Macqueen's The Last Peasants

Author(s): Gabriela Iuliana Colipcă / Language(s): English Issue: 4-I/2010

Angus Macqueen’s trilogy The Last Peasants (2003) aims at making a stand in the current debate on the causes and effects of migration from East European former Communist countries to the West. Focusing on the dramatic stories of several Romanian families from the village of Budeşti (Maramureş), the British director’s documentaries foreground the picture of an old rural culture in decline; within this framework, individual portraits of characters desperately wishing to make a better living abroad are clearly delineated. As special attention seems to be paid to the re-negotiation of gender roles in Romanian rural communities ‘lost in transition’, two films of the trilogy (Journeys and A Good Wife) examine the re-shaping of women migrants’ identity in the process of intercultural (Romanian – French) interaction. Based on research conducted in the framework of the EU-funded FP7 collaborative project, Gender, Migration and Intercultural Interactions in the Mediterranean and South-East Europe: an interdisciplinary perspective (Ge.M.IC.) (2008-2011), the paper proposes an in-depth analysis of Angus Macqueen’s filmic texts with a stress on representations of gender and cultural differences that influence, in the larger context of migration, the dynamics of established cultural practices and hierarchies in both the sending and the receiving societies.

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Représentations de la féminité dans les manuels scolaires au Cameroun

Author(s): Honoré Mimche / Language(s): French Issue: 4-I/2010

On est si habitué à considérer les manuels comme des outils pédagogiques qu’on est peu enclin à saisir leurs enjeux idéologiques. Or, à la lecture de nombreux manuels scolaires (de la maternelle, du primaire et du secondaire ; de l’enseignement technique ou général), on peut aisément constater des différences fondamentales dans les représentations du féminin. Cet article repose le problème des inégalités de genre dans les manuels scolaires. Il sera particulièrement question d’examiner les images que les manuels scolaires proposent des femmes. Appréhender les manuels scolaires sous l’angle de l’approche genre, c’est tenter de mettre en exergue la manière dont les auteurs, les manuels et par extension la société construisent, explicitent, organisent et modélisent les identités masculines et féminines. En tant que principal support de l’enseignement, les manuels scolaires sont au service d’une forme de reproduction des identités sexuelles des femmes et des hommes en assurant de façon implicite la domination masculine. Ils véhiculent à la fois des images et des stéréotypes sexués/sexistes. Ainsi, en nous interrogeant sur la place accordée aux femmes dans les manuels scolaires et à la manière dont elles y sont présentées, l’analyse de contenu montre que les manuels scolaires proposent une certaine vision de la réalité qui témoigne d’options intellectuelles et pédagogiques, mais reflète aussi diverses conceptions sociales qui finissent par acquérir une dimension normative et prennent valeur de modèles, d’exemples à imiter. Le corpus d’analyse est constitué de manuel de littérature du secondaire au Cameroun.

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A hiányzó atya

Author(s): Andrea Zsigmond / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 5/2016

Brief survey on Gábor Tompa's theatre focusing on its aspects of masculinity

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A férfiasság átrendeződő terei

Author(s): Gabriella Schuller / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 5/2016

Review of Sándor Zsótér's two directions (Tennessee Williams: Cat on a Hot Tin Roof at Katona József Theatre in Kecskemét & Edward Albee: Everything in the Garden at The National Theatre of Miskolc) from the perspective of masculinity

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Elérkezés erre a mezsgyére

Author(s): Ármin Szabó-Székely / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 5/2016

Discussion with two Hungarian renowned creators in the contemporary dance scene about feminine and masculine positions, gender categories, and freedom

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Лујза Ст. Јакшић: апорије једног генеалошког истраживања

Author(s): Marija Bulatović,Nikola Bulatović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 8/2018

In the paper, the authors present and explain their conducted research on the origin of Lujza St. Jakšić, a teacher at the Higher School for Girls in Belgrade and the author of the first English grammar book in Serbian. The genealogical research was sparked by one particular detail from literature – Letters from Salonika by Jelena Dimitrijević, to be exact. The research was carried out in several gradually described phases, pointing to numerous incongruences of the biographical data within the corpus of sources and documents that were searched. Even though the presented research is not placed within the horizon of final answers and solutions, the authors explain the epistemic value of the personal document, the significance of digital content and the scientific relevance of similar research in the context of humanities.

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Прикази жена у сликарству у првој половини 20. века и сликарство Анђелије Лазаревић

Author(s): Jovana Mitrović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 8/2018

This article explores three connected topics: the representation of women in fine arts and, more precisely, specific spaces which they occupied on canvases at the beginning of the 20th century; the status of the first generation of women painters that came out of the art school led by Rista and Beta Vukanović; and the personal and intellectual biography of the painter Anđelija Lazarević, her education and artistic opus. The article identifies paintings whose titles and compositions in particular provide us with more knowledge about women’s position in society in those times, and indicate that the patriarchal ideology from that epoch generated certain patterns in the visual representations. The examples of concrete art criticism are used to enable better understanding of the unequal position of women painters and men painters. Painter and writer Anđelija Lazarević lived and worked in such a social environment. Unfortunately, her legacy consists of only few artifacts, paintings and aquarelles.

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Друштво једнаких у роману Жена на ивици времена Марџ Пирси

Author(s): Radojka Jevtić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 8/2018

Encouraged by the ideas of second-wave feminism, Piercy writes Woman on the Edge of Time, in which she attempts to apply the theoretical findings of her predecessors and contemporary authors. Her work echoes the theories of Simone de Beauvoir and Shulamith Firestone, which she applies in order to create Mattapoisett, a utopia in which the entire society tries to achieve progress together. In this paper, we will analyze the way Piercy twists certain categories of today – class, gender and race – and renders them meaningless so as to create her utopia. In the first part, we will pay attention to Connie’s present, to her position as a Mexican-American woman from the lower class, that is, her position as a person on the margins of society. We will also analyze the representations of motherhood in her circumstances. In the second part, we will focus on the ways Piercy creates a more just society which is reflected in gender-neutral language and gender-neutral people, a society in which there is no hierarchy which fetters Connie in her present. We will also pay special attention to the concept of abolishing the biological family, which is presented as a significant basis of such a society. By abolishing the traditional categories of the present, Piercy demonstrates the possibility of not a better future, but a future of equality that invites the reader to re-examine set values and create new ones.

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„Женски покрети су активни и непрестано јачају“

Author(s): Jasmina Lukić,Ana Kolarić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 8/2018

Jasmina Lukić is a Professor with the Department of Gender Studies at the Central European University in Budapest. Her publications include monographs Metaproza: čitanje žanra, and Drugo lice, prilozi čitanju novijeg srpskog pesništva, a volume Women and Citizenship in Central and Eastern Europe, edited with Joanna Regulska and Darja Zavirsek, and numerous articles and book chapters in literary studies, women’s studies and Slavic studies. A volume From Transnational to Translational: Literature, Gender, Translation, edited with Sibelan Forrester and Borbala Farago, is in print with CEU Press.

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Precursoarele: primele femei care au jucat in limba romana

Author(s): Anca Haţiegan / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 08/2017

This article is only a small part from a larger study dedicated to the evolution of women, mainly of the profession of actress, in the history of Romanian theatre.

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Любов и математика. София Ковалевска, науката и борбата за щастие

Author(s): Nurie Muratova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2019

The author follows the professional successes and the personal experience of the one of the first women in the modern science – the Russian mathematician Sofia Kovalevska. The dialogue between her strong will, energy and intellect in the male world of science and her delicate sensibility and deep emotionality in her literary works has been analysed and the conflict points has been outlined. The author tries to answer to the question why despite of her professional successes Sofia Kovalevska felt unhappy, why the question of happiness is key question in her literary works and memoirs. Due to the tension between the profession-al and personal discourses a sense of polyphony and lack of satisfaction is marking her narratives. An attempt has been made to place Kovalevska in the trends of the Russian feminism in the second half of the 19th century.

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Vzdělávání žen jako téma české historiografie po roce 1989

Author(s): Marie Bahenská / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2018

This contribution focuses on the subject of women’s education in the Czech Lands as it is treated in local historiography of the twentieth and early twenty-first century, with focus on formation of this research direction after 1989. The author presents the key works on the subject, source materials, methodological approaches, and the most important research results. She follows the continuity and popularity of this direction in historical research and its reception in Central European context.

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The Politics of Birth in Composite States: Midwives in Transylvania (19th – 20th Century)

Author(s): Luminiţa Dumănescu,Marius Eppel / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

The second half of the 19th Century witnessed an increased process of birth medicalization - in Europe and in Transylvania as well. We approached the “medicalization” process in both its meanings: the professionalization of the healers, but also the spreading of medical care to people. As consequence, the paper will address both midwives’ training in a society living at the periphery of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy and the opening to modern care of one of the most intimate moments of a woman’s private life, that of child delivery. The paper aims to follow the legislation concerning the medicalizasion of birth in Transylvania, process which allowed the opening of the local schools for training midwives.

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