Intervenții de conservare și restaurare a ruinelor Capului de Pod al lui Traian de la Drobeta-Turnu Severin

Author(s): Dumitru Augustin Dumitrescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 12/2023

The participation in the restoration of the ruins of Trajan’s Bridge in Drobeta-Turnu Severin offered the opportunity of a thorough knowledge with multiple bearings of a monument, whose restoration involved complex works. The article is divided in three main parts. First, it reviews the historical information on the monument, its evolution, and the previous interventions on it. Second, it presents the bridge’s details of construction and technique, some of which were previously unknown and were facilitated by the direct knowledge of the monument. Finally, it offers an overview of the conservation state, degradation phenomena, and restoration works that were undertaken for the purpose of recovering the initial materials and for conserving, restoring, and highlighting the bridge’s ruins.

Нишката, станът и зависимият произход – във и отвъд линейното време (Древна Индия)

Author(s): Gergana Ruseva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2023

The present study traces and analyzes the ideas of linear time as depicted in some of the texts of the Ṛgveda, the Atharvaveda, the Kauṣītakibrāhmaṇa and the Mahābhārata, and as presented in the texts of early Buddhism. From the thread of fate, which is the path of man, narrative, identity, through the web woven by day and night or by the two goddesses of fate, through the web of sacrifice, to dependent origination in early Buddhism, all these images and ideas are closely related with the notion of linear time. To go beyond this linear time, beyond the notion of LIFE IS A JOURNEY, is a penetration into the unspeakable, “into” the world beyond, “into” freedom.

GETO-DACIANS AND DANUBE ROMANCES IN THE SERVICE OF THE EMPIRE. THE ARDABURS FAMILY (5TH – 6TH CENTURIES)

Author(s): Vladul D. Ghimpu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 36/2024

As a result of the cohabitation between the free Dacians from the Carpathians and the Germanic Goths here in migration, we can formulate some quite plausible hypotheses about some Geto Dacian and Daco-Roman characters, with a Gothic or Visigothic allure, from the Lower Danube, like Ardabur senior, Aspar Ardabur, Ardabur junior, Plinta, high military dignitaries and with positions of important influence at the imperial court in Constantinople. Later also of a prominent Romance writer and historian of the 6th century, Iordanes (Iordannis). They could constitute a reason for justified historical pride, thus completing the thread that seemed irreparably broken at the end of the ancient, unknown history of the Romanians. A brilliant episode was also distinguished by the possibility of the exceptional personality of Ardabur Aspar, a Gothicized Geto-Dacian, then re-Romanized in the Eastern Roman Empire, by the historical chance of maximum individual scope to become emperor in Constantinople in the year 457. His possible descent from the North-Danube Getic Bure gives us the opportunity to put him in line with the special personality of Burebista, the king of a once great state, and to rightfully see him as another successor of the Thracian-Getic genius from the north Danube.

Рейнекий и неговата история на Древна Tракия от 1595 година

Author(s): Georgi Mitrev,Jordan Iliev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

This article discusses a study by the historian Reineccius (1541 – 1595) on aspects of the history of Ancient Thrace and the Thracians. Until now, this work – part of a comprehensive exploration entitled “Historia Ivlia, Siue Syntagma Heroicvm” – has remained unknown to modern researchers and they assumed, that scholarly interest in Thracian history emerged only in the first half of the 18th century. The article begins with brief notes on Reineccius’s biography and works, followed by an overview of the information about the Thracians in his book. It is noted that, in the section titled “Regnum Thracium” the author sequentially examines ancient evidence concerning the geographical scope of Thrace, the strongest Thracian tribes, the Thracians outside Thrace; afterwards he structures the available at his time information of ancient writers about Thracian kings, specifying their family relationships. Special attention is given to the Odryssian kings, constituting about a third of the content. Other kingdoms, which today are considered part of the Thracian ethno-cultural community, are examined in separate sections: Bosphorus, Paeonia and Pannonia, Getica, Dacia and Moesia. The text is complemented by stems indicating established connections between dynasties and kings. Reineccius’s work is remarkable for its rigorous research elements and strict adherence to ancient texts, correctly cited. Undoubtedly, due to these qualities, this study on Ancient Thrace has influenced research on the topic for the next two centuries. Based on the presented facts, it is concluded that Reineccius’s work can be considered the first attempt to systematize ancient information about Thrace and the Thracians.

ახალი წიგნები

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Georgian Issue: 2/2023

კავკასიის ისტორია, ტ. 1, ტ.2. მთავარი რედაქტორი რ. მეტრეველი, თბილისი, გამომცემლობა არტანუჯი, 2023; სამეცნიერო ჟურნალი „ლოგოსი“, № 10, თბილისი, 2023; როინ მეტრეველი, წარსული ხელოვნების ენით, თბილისი, გამომცემლობა არტანუჯი, 2023 (ქართულ, ინგლისურ და რუსულ ენებზე);ნიკოლ და ჟან-მიშელ ტიერები კავკასია და ანატოლია, შუა საუკუნეების ქართულ ხელოვნება, გამომცემლობა არტანუჯი, 2022; დავით მუსხელიშვილი, შრომები, ტ I, თბილისი, გამომცემლობა არტანუჯი, 2023; ნათია ფიფია, ქეთევან ნადირაძე, ლერი თავაძე, გიორგი ოთხმეზური, ჯაბა სამუშია, მიხეილ ბახტაძე, აპოლონ თაბუაშვილი, ნიკოლოზ ჯავახიშვილი, სულხან კუპრაშვილი, ალექსანდრე ბოშიშვილი. ქართველ მმართველთა ისტორია, თბილისი, გამომცემლობა ნოტა-ბენე, 2023; ბატურინი ვ., სულხანიშვილი მ., მეცნიერების ფილოსოფია, თბილისი, გამომცემლობა: სამართლიანი საქართველო, 2023.; იოსებ ბანძელაძე, ქართული საზომის დადგენის ისტორია - მეტროლოგიური ანალიზი, თბილისი, გამომცემლობა აკადემიური წიგნი, 2023.; იოსებ ბანძელაძე, ქართული საზომის დადგენის ისტორია - მეტროლოგიური ანალიზი, თბილისი, გამომცემლობა აკადემიური წიგნი, 2023; CUNEUM - ლურსმნული ტექსტების კორპუსი.ხეთური დაკრძალვის რიტუალი. ხეთურიდან თარგმნა - ნინო ჩარექიშვილმა, გამომცემლობა აკადემიური წიგნი, 2023.; აკაკი გელაშვილი, რუსეთ-საქართველოს ომი 1812-1813 წლებში, თბილისი, გამომცემლობა არტანუჯი 2023.

Tamga as an Element of Intertribal and Intercultural Relations of the Turks in the Periods of Ancient History and the Middle Ages

Author(s): Utelbek Shananov / Language(s): English Issue: 118/2024

The study of the history and culture of different peoples, especially their intercultural interactions, deepens our understanding of world history. The aim of this article is to determine the role of tamgas in the intertribal and intercultural relations of steppe peoples during the ancient and medieval periods. A systematic analysis of various sources identifies tamgas as tribal distinguishing marks, artisan symbols, signs of aristocracy, and indicators of allegiance to Mongolian rulers. The study highlights the interactions of the tamga with the ancient Hungarians, the Indians, the Chinese, and the Rurik dynasty. The study presents a generalised view of the role of the tamga for the Turks in specific historical periods.

Трите култа на древен Китай

Author(s): Yana Shishkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The present article traces the three main cults of Ancient China, presenting the latest findings and research related to the cult of fertility, the Chinese ancestor veneration, the cult of gods and the sacred animals through the Neolithic times, Xia and Shang dynasty.

The Tribe Affiliation of the Romans in the Lower Danube

Author(s): Ivo Topalilov / Language(s): English Issue: 31/2024

The article deals with the perception of the tribe Papiria in the nomenclature of the Roman civics in two Trajanic colonies in Moesia Superior and Moesia Inferior—col(onia) Ulp(ia) Tra(iana) Rat(iariensium) and col(onia) Ulp(ia) Oescensium respectively. Although located close geographically and with a few common traits of their historical development, some discrepancies appeared in the topic which are discussed. The inscriptions provide, although scanty, some information on the tribe affiliation of the civic and religious colonial elite, augustales coloniae as well as the tribe affiliation as a part of a certain ornamenta. All this allows to establish the Roman tribe as an important social marker and for prestige in the Roman civic community, and can therefore serve in the Roman provinces as a sign of the progress of urbanization and Romanization. Certainly, the observations made are preliminary due to the scanty evidence available so far for various reasons.

NIGHT, COSMIC AND ANTHROPOMORPHIC ELEMENT IN GRECO-ROMAN AND ROMANIAN MYTHOLOGY

Author(s): Liviu Olteanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 37/2024

Among the most significant cosmic elements, Night brings into its mystical essence a multitude of myths and legends encountered since antiquity. If we refer to Greek mythology, Night is personified by the goddess Nyx, one of the most emblematic deities, also having the greatest cosmic forces in the Universe. It had the power to direct the shadows over the whole world, creating with their help, the Night. Goddess Nyx is presented as an enigmatic captivating entity, guiding the whole world to restful and healing hours. In Roman mythology, Night is associated with Nyx and Nox, respectively. The Roman goddess of night is presented to us as a woman with large black wings, wandering the sky throughout the night. She is the twin sister of the goddess Dia (day), also bearing the name Ceres. In Greco-Roman mythology, the time of night is considered the time when deities meet, a time dedicated to completing tasks. Even in mythological accounts, night is remembered in stories of Eurydice or Orpheus, Selene or Endymion. Romanian mythology brings to the fore a multitude of legends and mythological figures associated with the night. Its occurrence is associated with various mystical events. This connection between night and sacred space is marked by an inexhaustible source of rituals implemented in the consciousness of the person from the rural environment.

Antický životopis, sociální jednání a kanonická evangelia

Author(s): Magdalena Vytlačilová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2024

The study serves two main purposes. First, it aims to provide a definition of ancient biography that can account for the genre’s diversity without viewing this diversity as problematic. Second, the study seeks to introduce the canonical gospels, describe their shared and distinct features to ancient biography and emphasise the implications of this approach for the interpretation of the gospels, which are frequently overlooked in contemporary research. As I point out, the first goal can be achieved by distinguishing between primary characteristics (an explicit focus on the life of a single protagonist and the intention to provide their life as a model for imitation) and secondary characteristics (historicity, paratexts, structure, length of life, and used material). These secondary characteristics may vary, but they presume the presence of the so­‑called primary characteristics. Furthermore, I argue that the canonical gospels have all of the primary characteristics of ancient biography, a conclusion supported by many contemporary scholars. I point to a fundamental aspect in which the Gospels differ from other Greco­‑Roman biographies, namely the construction of the reliability of the text and the different self­‑understanding of the authors who considered themselves – as I have argued – inspired.

Anglosaská misie v Germánii v 8. stoletía listy Řehoře II.

Author(s): Marek Lis / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2024

The present article deals with the role of the papacy during the first years of the Anglo­‑Saxon mission in Germania. The topic has usually been approached in the past with respect to the following development in Europe, namely the Carolingian Renaissance. The goal of the contribution is to emphasise the autonomous character of the eithth century, when the creation of a new empire in the West was not yet considered. During this time, the papacy was facing a crisis within the empire coming from the Lombards and Byzantines. The Pope found support in Franks, but mostly in Anglo­‑Saxon missionaries. The dynamics of the process comes mostly from the apostolic character of the Church, which was emphasised by the Pope and missionaries and which is illustrated with three selected epistles.

Where Have All the Ur III Seals Gone?

Author(s): Jacob L. Dahl / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

In this paper I analyse the late 3rd millennium and early 2nd millennium seals in two mid-size collections and reach the conclusion that exceedingly few of them date to the Ur III period (c. 2100 – 2000 BC). I include some observations on other collections. I then ask the basic question: where have all the Ur III seals gone? After briefly exploring other options, I suggest with online visual evidence, that the vast majority of the Ur III seals were re-cut in the Old Babylonian period. At the end of the paper, I suggest that the absence or presence of seals from specific periods can be used to model larger historical trends.

Полезен инструмент за изследвания на историята и културата на Византия

Author(s): Ivan Bilyarski,Anna Lazarova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2024

Review of the book: Αλέξιος Γ. Κ. Σαββίδης, Για ένα νέο βιογραφικό λεξικό του Βυζαντίου. Εισαγωγική συμβολή, τόμος Α’, Αθήνα, Εκδόσεις Παπαζήση, 2024, σ. 420, ISBN (τόμ. Α’) 978-960-02-4238-6; Αλέξιος Γ. Κ. Σαββίδης (επιμ.), Νέο βιογραφικό λεξικό του Βυζαντίου, τόμος Β’ & Γ’, Αθήνα, Εκδόσεις Παπαζήση, 2024

Е.И. Арсентьева, О.В. Горская, Aнтичные ювелирные изделия из частных собраний. Кольца и перстни. Каталог коллекции. Государственный Эрмитаж

Author(s): Yuri Pyatnitsky / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2022

Review of: Е.И. Арсентьева, О.В. Горская, античные ювелирные изделия из частных собраний. Кольца и перстни. Каталог коллекции. Государственный Эрмитаж. Санкт-Петербург: Издательство Государственного Эрмитажа, 2019, 196 стр., ил., ISBN: 9785935728779.

Кунсткамера (музей) и другие археологические собрания николаева, их создатели и передача одесскому обществу истории и Древностей в 40-х годах XIX века

Author(s): Igor V. Sapozhnikov,Olga Eisfeld,Victor Savchenko / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2023

The article focuses on the history of the Black Sea Navy bodies in Nikolaev, which, in the 1800s-1830s. were engaged in the collection, preservation and exhibition of ancient, mainly antique and Roman objects, inscriptions and coins. Most of them came from the ruins of the nearby city of Olbia Pontica and other places in the Northern Black Sea region, but some of the antiquities, as well as the Ottoman inscriptions, were brought from Athens, from the islands of the Mediterranean Sea and from the coast of the Caucasus (the Anapa Fortress). The exhibits had different origins: purchases from robber-diggers, chance finds, gifts from individuals, war trophies, and even from special excavations conducted under the guidance of naval officers at the ruins of Olbia Pontica, at Chersonese near Sevastopol, and at the sanctuary of Achilles (Tendrovskaya Spit). It is noted that in the creation of the collections of the Cabinet of Rarities at the Depot of Maps, their replenishment and even in the transfer to the Odessa Society of History and Antiquities, the leading roles were played by well-known freemasons – admirals I.I. Traverse and A.S. Greig, Count M.S. Vorontsov, and many others. As a result, most of the very valuable artifacts ended up in the funds of the Odessa Archaeological Museum, where they are kept to this day. The location of some of the rarities is unknown.

ТРАГИ НА РУДАРСТВО ВО ВИНИЧКИОТ РЕГИОН

Author(s): Julijana Ivanova / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 23/2024

A large number of archaeological sites registered in the Vinica’s region from the period of prehistory to the Middle Ages provide insights, based on serious evidence discovered so far, into the development of pottery, mining and metallurgy as economic branches that influenced the economic development of the settlements in the region. Some of them, in the early antique, Roman and late antique periods grew into developed craft, cultural and commercial centers, and with the acceptance of the Christian religion, into significant religious centers. Archeological research at several sites has confirmed the existence of the remains of metal slag, stone crushers and stone vessels for smelting ore. The various metal objects that are distinguished by high quality speak of mining – metallurgical activity, which was one of the main reasons for construction of some of the settlements. Of particular importance for the development of mining in the region is the locality known under the name of Rashka near the village of Peklani, where several gold-bearing mining galleries have been discovered which, based on the archaeological material, are dated to the Roman period. That gold-bearing material was exploited there was proven by chemical analysis of the material from inside the galleries, where, in addition to native gold, certain amounts of silver were also found. The large concentration of archaeological sites that are located in its immediate vicinity goes in favor of the conclusion of the development of the settlements that gravitate around this mining center.

Andrea Popa, Managementul integrat al patrimoniului mondial în România. Studiu de caz: Frontiera romană în Dacia. Siturile de epocă romană de la Brețcu, Comolău și Boroșneu Mare

Author(s): Sergiu Matveev / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2024

Review of: Andrea Popa, Managementul integrat al patrimoniului mondial în România. Studiu de caz: Frontiera romană în Dacia. Siturile de epocă romană de la Brețcu, Comolău și Boroșneu Mare. Sibiu: Astra Museum, 2023, 279 p. ISBN 978-606-733-361-9.

Omul și animalele în tradiția mitologică. Simbolistica animalieră

Author(s): Simona Nicoară / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 45/2024

The relationship of civilizations with the animal and plant kingdom has been pervasive, complex and difficult, involving diverse cultural and spiritual eras. In every historical moment and in every geographical space, the relationship between man and animal has given rise to varied, often contradictory feelings and mental representations, generated by the spiritual need for a profound social pedagogy.The trajectory of these relationships involved in ancient, medieval and modern times the symbolic inclusion of animals in myths, rites, legends, heraldic, armorial, serigraphic and artistic representations. Animals were given a wide variety of allegorical meanings, which reflected the need for social education in values, ethics and morals. These venerable cultural forms, as well as popular traditions, did not refer strictly to the zoological nature of the animal kingdom, but anthropologized it, presenting it symbolically and moralistically in different social situations.Modernity and postmodernity have abandoned traditional animal symbolism, preferring—under the pressure of rationalism – simplifying, materialistic and deterministic explanations. Animal imagery is used to support only ideas of fictional creativity, not for the mental construction of deeper meanings of human and social life and existence.

РИТУАЛНОТО ПОГРЕБЕНИЕ НА ХАН КУБРАТ

Author(s): Zarko Zhdrakov,Plamen Orfeev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 24/2024

The arrangement of the vessels from khan Kubrat’s treasure (Kurt in the Nominalia of Bulgarian khans), found in the Kurtgorod area near Mala Pereshchepina in Ukraine, suggests a ritual burial with cremation and selected bones in related to shamanism. Around the large silver jug with handles there was a golden goblet placed as a head. The golden and silver goblets were arranged in two rows and below them the dishes and other vessels were laid, some of which upright. The rows of cups accompanied the khan like the stones-spirits (devtashi) with a “leader”, where the golden ones had bells with horse bones. The “leader” is represented by a richly decorated golden goblet with green glass and strings of pearls in connection with the Zoroastrian new year "Nowruz", celebrated on the day of the vernal equinox (March 21) with the rebirth of nature.

В НОВИТЕ БРОЕВЕ НА СПИСАНИЯТА НА ,,АЗ-БУКИ“ ЧЕТЕТЕ

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2024