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4.50 €

Przedstawienie postaci wikińskich podróżniczek na wybranych przykładach

Author(s): Martina Mandera / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Using several examples, the author wants to present the theme of women on Vikingexpeditions. Among these women should be placed Aud the Deep-Minded, GunnhildrGormsdóttir, Freydis Eiríksdóttir and Gudridr Thorbjarnardóttir. The author presentshow these women changed the face of the world in the 10th century and the impact theyhad on social, political and economic history.

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Taino a kolonizacja hiszpańska Haiti z uwzględnieniem sytuacji kobiet

Author(s): Magdalena Lewandowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

On the basis of archaeological and historical sources the author presents an outline ofHispaniola’s indigenous people’s culture and discusses the impact that the Spanishcolonization had on them after the year 1492. The author also points out the role ofTaino’s women in the process of preserving elements of traditional culture.

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Droga do samodzielności? Dyrektorki teatrów na ziemiach polskich w latach 1765–1939

Author(s): Barbara Michalczyk / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article gathers information about female theatre on Polish territories between 1765and 1939. The author asks questions about the main reasons for forming theatres andcharacterizes directors’ competencies and differences between institutions. The articleshows the increasing number of female directors and characterizes it using the exampleof Warsaw’s theatres. The article designates directions for further research on thepresence and meaning of female directors in the history of theatre

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Kobiety a władza ustawodawcza w II Rzeczypospolitej – wybrane zagadnienia

Author(s): Katarzyna Jóźwik / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article is an introduction to the issue of the presence of women in the politics of theSecond Polish Republic at the parliamentary level. The activities of women in the Sejmand Senate of the interwar period have been discussed with particular emphasis on thechanges in the legislation on women. The most important provisions limiting women’srights have also been presented. Although Polish women had received full electoralrights in 1918, they had to fight for total equality in the legal system for many years.

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Krwawe i przebiegłe? Kobiety władzy w wybranych państwach socjalistycznych

Author(s): Martin Gumiela / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Julia Brystygier, Elena Ceauşescu, and Margot Honecker were in positions of power instate socialist dictatorships. Compared to many other representatives of the AnciénRegimes, the images of these women became extraordinarily negative after 1989. Thisarticle discusses their careers and their public image post 1989 and considers the role ofgender in the way these women are currently perceived.

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„My rządzim światem, a nami kobiety”. Wpływ kobiet na konfederację barską na przykładzie działalności Marii Amelii z Brühlów Mniszchowej

Author(s): Natalia Młodzińska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The paper is an evaluation of female activity in the Bar Confederation in the 18thcentury using the example of Maria Amelia Brühl Mniszchowa. The main goal of thepaper is to introduce Mniszchowa and her activity within the Confederation based onhistorical sources and scholarly literature. The query showed that the activity of womenin the Bar Confederation, and especially that of Maria Amelia Mniszchowa, had not beenfully explored until now.

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Wartości w działaniu Opis wartości i profil duchowości na wybranych przykładach

Author(s): Wacław Walecki / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

An attempt to reconstruct the sources and describe the spirituality profile of selected Polish religious communities in the European context. It consists of dissertations presenting the basic determinants of the value of Polish pre-Tridentine culture in terms of spirituality and piety. In subsequent articles, the authors describe selected values (religious, political, ethical, aesthetic), referring to new, unique sources, not yet analyzed at all or considered from a research perspective other than that adopted by the authors. Eucharistia, Exegesis, Pietas, Devotio, Penitentia, Indulgentia, Paideia, Paupertas, Memoria - these are selected concepts on the basis of which the authors try to show the central idea of the entire project on the culture of the First Republic in dialogue with Europe and hermeneutics of values: scope, directions and methods the mutual flow of reflection in Polish and European culture - here in relation to the pre-Tridentine era and in the face of the emerging challenges of humanism during the Renaissance. The 12-volume series of monographs Kultura First Rzeczpospolitej in dialogue with Europe. The Hermeneutics of Values ”presents the cultural heritage of the 15th and 18th centuries as an integral but original part of European culture. The research goal is to identify the ways and forms of the mutual transmission of aesthetic, political and religious values and to present in a broad, multilateral comparative context the axiological structure of the Polish culture of old times. Cultural texts are examined from an internal perspective as records of acts aimed at understanding values, and from an external perspective as statements that join European literary-aesthetic, political and religious discussions. In an intense dialogue, the culture of the Republic of Poland shows not only a receptivity to new ideas, but also creativity and dynamism in operating in Europe.

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„Desiderium et reverentia” Godne i niegodne przyjmowanie komunii świętej w świetle średniowiecznych kazań de Corpore Christi z późnośredniowiecznych rękopisów bibliotek polskiej prowincji zakonu Braci Kaznodziejów

Author(s): Anna Zajchowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

An attempt to reconstruct the sources and describe the spirituality profile of selected Polish religious communities in the European context. It consists of dissertations presenting the basic determinants of the value of Polish pre-Tridentine culture in terms of spirituality and piety. In subsequent articles, the authors describe selected values (religious, political, ethical, aesthetic), referring to new, unique sources, not yet analyzed at all or considered from a research perspective other than that adopted by the authors. Eucharistia, Exegesis, Pietas, Devotio, Penitentia, Indulgentia, Paideia, Paupertas, Memoria - these are selected concepts on the basis of which the authors try to show the central idea of the entire project on the culture of the First Republic in dialogue with Europe and hermeneutics of values: scope, directions and methods the mutual flow of reflection in Polish and European culture - here in relation to the pre-Tridentine era and in the face of the emerging challenges of humanism during the Renaissance. The 12-volume series of monographs Kultura First Rzeczpospolitej in dialogue with Europe. The Hermeneutics of Values ”presents the cultural heritage of the 15th and 18th centuries as an integral but original part of European culture. The research goal is to identify the ways and forms of the mutual transmission of aesthetic, political and religious values and to present in a broad, multilateral comparative context the axiological structure of the Polish culture of old times. Cultural texts are examined from an internal perspective as records of acts aimed at understanding values, and from an external perspective as statements that join European literary-aesthetic, political and religious discussions. In an intense dialogue, the culture of the Republic of Poland shows not only a receptivity to new ideas, but also creativity and dynamism in operating in Europe.

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De expresso Dei Verbo Stanisława Hozjusza Pomiędzy teologicznym a świeckim piśmiennictwem ukazującym wartości katolickiego egzegety – próba analizy

Author(s): Michał Gołębiowski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

An attempt to reconstruct the sources and describe the spirituality profile of selected Polish religious communities in the European context. It consists of dissertations presenting the basic determinants of the value of Polish pre-Tridentine culture in terms of spirituality and piety. In subsequent articles, the authors describe selected values (religious, political, ethical, aesthetic), referring to new, unique sources, not yet analyzed at all or considered from a research perspective other than that adopted by the authors. Eucharistia, Exegesis, Pietas, Devotio, Penitentia, Indulgentia, Paideia, Paupertas, Memoria - these are selected concepts on the basis of which the authors try to show the central idea of the entire project on the culture of the First Republic in dialogue with Europe and hermeneutics of values: scope, directions and methods the mutual flow of reflection in Polish and European culture - here in relation to the pre-Tridentine era and in the face of the emerging challenges of humanism during the Renaissance. The 12-volume series of monographs Kultura First Rzeczpospolitej in dialogue with Europe. The Hermeneutics of Values ”presents the cultural heritage of the 15th and 18th centuries as an integral but original part of European culture. The research goal is to identify the ways and forms of the mutual transmission of aesthetic, political and religious values and to present in a broad, multilateral comparative context the axiological structure of the Polish culture of old times. Cultural texts are examined from an internal perspective as records of acts aimed at understanding values, and from an external perspective as statements that join European literary-aesthetic, political and religious discussions. In an intense dialogue, the culture of the Republic of Poland shows not only a receptivity to new ideas, but also creativity and dynamism in operating in Europe.

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Różaniec Panny Maryjej (1606) Abrahama Bzowskiego OP świadectwem dominikańskiej troski o pobożność powszechną

Author(s): Małgorzata Krzysztofik / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

An attempt to reconstruct the sources and describe the spirituality profile of selected Polish religious communities in the European context. It consists of dissertations presenting the basic determinants of the value of Polish pre-Tridentine culture in terms of spirituality and piety. In subsequent articles, the authors describe selected values (religious, political, ethical, aesthetic), referring to new, unique sources, not yet analyzed at all or considered from a research perspective other than that adopted by the authors. Eucharistia, Exegesis, Pietas, Devotio, Penitentia, Indulgentia, Paideia, Paupertas, Memoria - these are selected concepts on the basis of which the authors try to show the central idea of the entire project on the culture of the First Republic in dialogue with Europe and hermeneutics of values: scope, directions and methods the mutual flow of reflection in Polish and European culture - here in relation to the pre-Tridentine era and in the face of the emerging challenges of humanism during the Renaissance. The 12-volume series of monographs Kultura First Rzeczpospolitej in dialogue with Europe. The Hermeneutics of Values ”presents the cultural heritage of the 15th and 18th centuries as an integral but original part of European culture. The research goal is to identify the ways and forms of the mutual transmission of aesthetic, political and religious values and to present in a broad, multilateral comparative context the axiological structure of the Polish culture of old times. Cultural texts are examined from an internal perspective as records of acts aimed at understanding values, and from an external perspective as statements that join European literary-aesthetic, political and religious discussions. In an intense dialogue, the culture of the Republic of Poland shows not only a receptivity to new ideas, but also creativity and dynamism in operating in Europe.

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Obraz doskonałej zakonnicy polskich i zagranicznych wspólnot franciszkańskich w menologiach klasztornych

Author(s): Jolanta Gwioździk / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

An attempt to reconstruct the sources and describe the spirituality profile of selected Polish religious communities in the European context. It consists of dissertations presenting the basic determinants of the value of Polish pre-Tridentine culture in terms of spirituality and piety. In subsequent articles, the authors describe selected values (religious, political, ethical, aesthetic), referring to new, unique sources, not yet analyzed at all or considered from a research perspective other than that adopted by the authors. Eucharistia, Exegesis, Pietas, Devotio, Penitentia, Indulgentia, Paideia, Paupertas, Memoria - these are selected concepts on the basis of which the authors try to show the central idea of the entire project on the culture of the First Republic in dialogue with Europe and hermeneutics of values: scope, directions and methods the mutual flow of reflection in Polish and European culture - here in relation to the pre-Tridentine era and in the face of the emerging challenges of humanism during the Renaissance. The 12-volume series of monographs Kultura First Rzeczpospolitej in dialogue with Europe. The Hermeneutics of Values ”presents the cultural heritage of the 15th and 18th centuries as an integral but original part of European culture. The research goal is to identify the ways and forms of the mutual transmission of aesthetic, political and religious values and to present in a broad, multilateral comparative context the axiological structure of the Polish culture of old times. Cultural texts are examined from an internal perspective as records of acts aimed at understanding values, and from an external perspective as statements that join European literary-aesthetic, political and religious discussions. In an intense dialogue, the culture of the Republic of Poland shows not only a receptivity to new ideas, but also creativity and dynamism in operating in Europe.

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Malowidła Graeco opere fundacji Jagiellonów jako postulat unii państwowej i kościelnej oraz jedności Kościoła

Author(s): Mirosław Piotr Kruk / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

An attempt to reconstruct the sources and describe the spirituality profile of selected Polish religious communities in the European context. It consists of dissertations presenting the basic determinants of the value of Polish pre-Tridentine culture in terms of spirituality and piety. In subsequent articles, the authors describe selected values (religious, political, ethical, aesthetic), referring to new, unique sources, not yet analyzed at all or considered from a research perspective other than that adopted by the authors. Eucharistia, Exegesis, Pietas, Devotio, Penitentia, Indulgentia, Paideia, Paupertas, Memoria - these are selected concepts on the basis of which the authors try to show the central idea of the entire project on the culture of the First Republic in dialogue with Europe and hermeneutics of values: scope, directions and methods the mutual flow of reflection in Polish and European culture - here in relation to the pre-Tridentine era and in the face of the emerging challenges of humanism during the Renaissance. The 12-volume series of monographs Kultura First Rzeczpospolitej in dialogue with Europe. The Hermeneutics of Values ”presents the cultural heritage of the 15th and 18th centuries as an integral but original part of European culture. The research goal is to identify the ways and forms of the mutual transmission of aesthetic, political and religious values and to present in a broad, multilateral comparative context the axiological structure of the Polish culture of old times. Cultural texts are examined from an internal perspective as records of acts aimed at understanding values, and from an external perspective as statements that join European literary-aesthetic, political and religious discussions. In an intense dialogue, the culture of the Republic of Poland shows not only a receptivity to new ideas, but also creativity and dynamism in operating in Europe.

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Penitencjały i sumy kazuistyczne w moralnym nauczaniu Kościoła w Polsce do połowy XVI wieku

Author(s): Andrzej Bruździński / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

An attempt to reconstruct the sources and describe the spirituality profile of selected Polish religious communities in the European context. It consists of dissertations presenting the basic determinants of the value of Polish pre-Tridentine culture in terms of spirituality and piety. In subsequent articles, the authors describe selected values (religious, political, ethical, aesthetic), referring to new, unique sources, not yet analyzed at all or considered from a research perspective other than that adopted by the authors. Eucharistia, Exegesis, Pietas, Devotio, Penitentia, Indulgentia, Paideia, Paupertas, Memoria - these are selected concepts on the basis of which the authors try to show the central idea of the entire project on the culture of the First Republic in dialogue with Europe and hermeneutics of values: scope, directions and methods the mutual flow of reflection in Polish and European culture - here in relation to the pre-Tridentine era and in the face of the emerging challenges of humanism during the Renaissance. The 12-volume series of monographs Kultura First Rzeczpospolitej in dialogue with Europe. The Hermeneutics of Values ”presents the cultural heritage of the 15th and 18th centuries as an integral but original part of European culture. The research goal is to identify the ways and forms of the mutual transmission of aesthetic, political and religious values and to present in a broad, multilateral comparative context the axiological structure of the Polish culture of old times. Cultural texts are examined from an internal perspective as records of acts aimed at understanding values, and from an external perspective as statements that join European literary-aesthetic, political and religious discussions. In an intense dialogue, the culture of the Republic of Poland shows not only a receptivity to new ideas, but also creativity and dynamism in operating in Europe.

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Przedtrydenckie nadania odpustowe udzielane braciom kaznodziejom i braciom mniejszym konwentualnym w średniowiecznej Polsce – analiza porównawcza

Author(s): Wiktor Szymborski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

An attempt to reconstruct the sources and describe the spirituality profile of selected Polish religious communities in the European context. It consists of dissertations presenting the basic determinants of the value of Polish pre-Tridentine culture in terms of spirituality and piety. In subsequent articles, the authors describe selected values (religious, political, ethical, aesthetic), referring to new, unique sources, not yet analyzed at all or considered from a research perspective other than that adopted by the authors. Eucharistia, Exegesis, Pietas, Devotio, Penitentia, Indulgentia, Paideia, Paupertas, Memoria - these are selected concepts on the basis of which the authors try to show the central idea of the entire project on the culture of the First Republic in dialogue with Europe and hermeneutics of values: scope, directions and methods the mutual flow of reflection in Polish and European culture - here in relation to the pre-Tridentine era and in the face of the emerging challenges of humanism during the Renaissance. The 12-volume series of monographs Kultura First Rzeczpospolitej in dialogue with Europe. The Hermeneutics of Values ”presents the cultural heritage of the 15th and 18th centuries as an integral but original part of European culture. The research goal is to identify the ways and forms of the mutual transmission of aesthetic, political and religious values and to present in a broad, multilateral comparative context the axiological structure of the Polish culture of old times. Cultural texts are examined from an internal perspective as records of acts aimed at understanding values, and from an external perspective as statements that join European literary-aesthetic, political and religious discussions. In an intense dialogue, the culture of the Republic of Poland shows not only a receptivity to new ideas, but also creativity and dynamism in operating in Europe.

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Przestrzeń dialogu z tradycją Chrześcijańska paideia w kazaniach na dzień Pięćdziesiątnicy – Marcina Polaka, Peregryna z Opola i Mikołaja z Błonia

Author(s): Katarzyna Janus / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

An attempt to reconstruct the sources and describe the spirituality profile of selected Polish religious communities in the European context. It consists of dissertations presenting the basic determinants of the value of Polish pre-Tridentine culture in terms of spirituality and piety. In subsequent articles, the authors describe selected values (religious, political, ethical, aesthetic), referring to new, unique sources, not yet analyzed at all or considered from a research perspective other than that adopted by the authors. Eucharistia, Exegesis, Pietas, Devotio, Penitentia, Indulgentia, Paideia, Paupertas, Memoria - these are selected concepts on the basis of which the authors try to show the central idea of the entire project on the culture of the First Republic in dialogue with Europe and hermeneutics of values: scope, directions and methods the mutual flow of reflection in Polish and European culture - here in relation to the pre-Tridentine era and in the face of the emerging challenges of humanism during the Renaissance. The 12-volume series of monographs Kultura First Rzeczpospolitej in dialogue with Europe. The Hermeneutics of Values ”presents the cultural heritage of the 15th and 18th centuries as an integral but original part of European culture. The research goal is to identify the ways and forms of the mutual transmission of aesthetic, political and religious values and to present in a broad, multilateral comparative context the axiological structure of the Polish culture of old times. Cultural texts are examined from an internal perspective as records of acts aimed at understanding values, and from an external perspective as statements that join European literary-aesthetic, political and religious discussions. In an intense dialogue, the culture of the Republic of Poland shows not only a receptivity to new ideas, but also creativity and dynamism in operating in Europe.

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Manipulus florum Tomasza z Irlandii w środowisku krakowskich bernardynów (XV w.) Recepcja florilegium jako świadectwo transferu wartości teologicznych i moralnych

Author(s): Tomasz Nastulczyk / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

An attempt to reconstruct the sources and describe the spirituality profile of selected Polish religious communities in the European context. It consists of dissertations presenting the basic determinants of the value of Polish pre-Tridentine culture in terms of spirituality and piety. In subsequent articles, the authors describe selected values (religious, political, ethical, aesthetic), referring to new, unique sources, not yet analyzed at all or considered from a research perspective other than that adopted by the authors. Eucharistia, Exegesis, Pietas, Devotio, Penitentia, Indulgentia, Paideia, Paupertas, Memoria - these are selected concepts on the basis of which the authors try to show the central idea of the entire project on the culture of the First Republic in dialogue with Europe and hermeneutics of values: scope, directions and methods the mutual flow of reflection in Polish and European culture - here in relation to the pre-Tridentine era and in the face of the emerging challenges of humanism during the Renaissance. The 12-volume series of monographs Kultura First Rzeczpospolitej in dialogue with Europe. The Hermeneutics of Values ”presents the cultural heritage of the 15th and 18th centuries as an integral but original part of European culture. The research goal is to identify the ways and forms of the mutual transmission of aesthetic, political and religious values and to present in a broad, multilateral comparative context the axiological structure of the Polish culture of old times. Cultural texts are examined from an internal perspective as records of acts aimed at understanding values, and from an external perspective as statements that join European literary-aesthetic, political and religious discussions. In an intense dialogue, the culture of the Republic of Poland shows not only a receptivity to new ideas, but also creativity and dynamism in operating in Europe.

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Pobożność bernardyńska w świetle rozdziałów De mensa oraz De infirmis z dzieła Manuale instructionis novitiorum Innocentego z Kościana

Author(s): Justyna Kruk-Siwiec / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

An attempt to reconstruct the sources and describe the spirituality profile of selected Polish religious communities in the European context. It consists of dissertations presenting the basic determinants of the value of Polish pre-Tridentine culture in terms of spirituality and piety. In subsequent articles, the authors describe selected values (religious, political, ethical, aesthetic), referring to new, unique sources, not yet analyzed at all or considered from a research perspective other than that adopted by the authors. Eucharistia, Exegesis, Pietas, Devotio, Penitentia, Indulgentia, Paideia, Paupertas, Memoria - these are selected concepts on the basis of which the authors try to show the central idea of the entire project on the culture of the First Republic in dialogue with Europe and hermeneutics of values: scope, directions and methods the mutual flow of reflection in Polish and European culture - here in relation to the pre-Tridentine era and in the face of the emerging challenges of humanism during the Renaissance. The 12-volume series of monographs Kultura First Rzeczpospolitej in dialogue with Europe. The Hermeneutics of Values ”presents the cultural heritage of the 15th and 18th centuries as an integral but original part of European culture. The research goal is to identify the ways and forms of the mutual transmission of aesthetic, political and religious values and to present in a broad, multilateral comparative context the axiological structure of the Polish culture of old times. Cultural texts are examined from an internal perspective as records of acts aimed at understanding values, and from an external perspective as statements that join European literary-aesthetic, political and religious discussions. In an intense dialogue, the culture of the Republic of Poland shows not only a receptivity to new ideas, but also creativity and dynamism in operating in Europe.

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Pieśni maryjne bernardynów Między tradycją Zachodu i Wschodu

Author(s): Aleksandra Jakóbczyk-Gola / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

An attempt to reconstruct the sources and describe the spirituality profile of selected Polish religious communities in the European context. It consists of dissertations presenting the basic determinants of the value of Polish pre-Tridentine culture in terms of spirituality and piety. In subsequent articles, the authors describe selected values (religious, political, ethical, aesthetic), referring to new, unique sources, not yet analyzed at all or considered from a research perspective other than that adopted by the authors. Eucharistia, Exegesis, Pietas, Devotio, Penitentia, Indulgentia, Paideia, Paupertas, Memoria - these are selected concepts on the basis of which the authors try to show the central idea of the entire project on the culture of the First Republic in dialogue with Europe and hermeneutics of values: scope, directions and methods the mutual flow of reflection in Polish and European culture - here in relation to the pre-Tridentine era and in the face of the emerging challenges of humanism during the Renaissance. The 12-volume series of monographs Kultura First Rzeczpospolitej in dialogue with Europe. The Hermeneutics of Values ”presents the cultural heritage of the 15th and 18th centuries as an integral but original part of European culture. The research goal is to identify the ways and forms of the mutual transmission of aesthetic, political and religious values and to present in a broad, multilateral comparative context the axiological structure of the Polish culture of old times. Cultural texts are examined from an internal perspective as records of acts aimed at understanding values, and from an external perspective as statements that join European literary-aesthetic, political and religious discussions. In an intense dialogue, the culture of the Republic of Poland shows not only a receptivity to new ideas, but also creativity and dynamism in operating in Europe.

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Relacja między wolnością a prawem w pismach Stanisława Orzechowskiego

Author(s): Patryk Sapała / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The authors present the political values functioning in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth – primarily, but not only, in the community of politically active noble citizens. They try to recreate them on the basis of a thorough analysis of various sources – treaties and political journalism, public speeches at the Sejm and regional councils, but also unofficial statements, private exchange of views between participants in political life. The subject of the analysis is, inter alia, the ideal of the state as a community of citizens present in the political discourse, as well as the contemporary vision of a man-citizen, a member of the political community, and his obligations towards it. The authors also present and interpret the then understanding of the concepts of homeland or patriotism, and devote a lot of attention to the fundamental values of the political life of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, such as law and freedom. They show the analyzed issues not only in a broader European context, but also in different epochs, which allows to follow the evolution in the understanding and evaluation of political concepts and ideals. The 12-volume series of monographs „Kultura Pierwszej Rzeczpospolitej w dialogu z Europą. Hermeneutyka wartości” presents the cultural heritage of the 15th and 18th centuries as an integral but original part of European culture. The research goal is to identify the ways and forms of the mutual transmission of aesthetic, political and religious values and to present in a broad, multilateral comparative context the axiological structure of Polish culture of the past epochs. Cultural texts are examined from an internal perspective as records of acts aimed at understanding values, and from an external perspective as statements that join European literary-aesthetic, political and religious discussions. In an intense dialogue, the culture of the Republic of Poland shows not only a receptivity to new ideas, but also creativity and dynamics of action in Europe.

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Prawo i wolność w szlacheckim systemie wartości w drugiej połowie XVI i na początku XVII stulecia

Author(s): Edward Opaliński / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The authors present the political values functioning in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth – primarily, but not only, in the community of politically active noble citizens. They try to recreate them on the basis of a thorough analysis of various sources – treaties and political journalism, public speeches at the Sejm and regional councils, but also unofficial statements, private exchange of views between participants in political life. The subject of the analysis is, inter alia, the ideal of the state as a community of citizens present in the political discourse, as well as the contemporary vision of a man-citizen, a member of the political community, and his obligations towards it. The authors also present and interpret the then understanding of the concepts of homeland or patriotism, and devote a lot of attention to the fundamental values of the political life of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, such as law and freedom. They show the analyzed issues not only in a broader European context, but also in different epochs, which allows to follow the evolution in the understanding and evaluation of political concepts and ideals. The 12-volume series of monographs „Kultura Pierwszej Rzeczpospolitej w dialogu z Europą. Hermeneutyka wartości” presents the cultural heritage of the 15th and 18th centuries as an integral but original part of European culture. The research goal is to identify the ways and forms of the mutual transmission of aesthetic, political and religious values and to present in a broad, multilateral comparative context the axiological structure of Polish culture of the past epochs. Cultural texts are examined from an internal perspective as records of acts aimed at understanding values, and from an external perspective as statements that join European literary-aesthetic, political and religious discussions. In an intense dialogue, the culture of the Republic of Poland shows not only a receptivity to new ideas, but also creativity and dynamics of action in Europe.

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