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The paper emphasizes the importance of consistent and unified lexicographic treatment and of the inclusion of verbs, verb collocations and verb phraseology in bilingual specialized dictionaries. The analysis of 9 bilingual technical dictionaries has shown that multi-word lexical units that have a verb as one of their components are rarely included in bilingual specialized dictionaries, and when they are included, their representation is not unified. This can be partly attributed to unclear boundaries of multi-word lexical units but also to the lack of a sound theoretical basis. Therefore, this paper argues that the lexicographic treatment of such units should be theoretically based. Thus, the Sociocognitive and/or Frame Based Theory approaches to terminology seem to provide the best guidelines in this regard. The inclusion of various usage examples taken from the specialized corpus of texts in a specific domain is also highlighted as an important segment in assembling specialized dictionaries. A model for a more consistent lexicographic treatment of multi-word lexical units containing verbs is also provided.
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The present paper examines the conceptualization of MENTAL INSTABILITY in Croatian within the (following) postulates of Cognitive Lingustics: metaphor, metonymy, image schemata and cultural models. Metaphorical linguistic expressions are divided into five main categories that are fundamental in the analysis of motivation. In the analyses particularly noteworthy is the HEAD category as the location of MENTAL (IN)STABILITY in cultural model of Western tradition (Croatian language). The analysis highlights BALANCE image schemata, respectively metonymy IMBALANCE FOR MENTAL INSTABILITY as well as NON PROTOTYPICAL BEHAVIOUOR FOR MENTAL INSTABILITY (as a result/effect of MENTAL INSTABILITY). The highest intensity of MENTAL INSTABILITY is shown by the metaphorical linguistic expressions from PEOPLE (HUMAN) category.
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Review of: Buckingham, Louisa. 2016. Doing a research project in English studies: A guide for students
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Review of: Van der Horst, Joop. 2016. Propast standardnoga jezika: mijena u jezičnoj kulturi Zapadne Europe
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The article is dedicated to one of the genres of the so called “artificial” Persian poetry – ta’rikh (chronogram), which combines the qualities of a literary composition and a historical source. When analyzing literary merits of ta’rikh, it is important to take into consideration its close connection with other poetic genres and forms (marsiye, hadjv, fakhriye, ruba‘i, qit‘e, etc.). For a historian, ta’rikh is interesting primarily as some rhymed phrases which briefly describe the essence of an event and report its date.
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In this article, we study the formulas of the Turkish speech etiquette and identify their semantic and functional features. We systematize communicative situations and factors determining the choice of units of speech etiquette and propose our own classification of the formulas of speech etiquette by emotions they express.
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The article is one of the first attempts to write a scientific biography of a prominent Arabist, Betsy Yakovlevna Shidfar (1928–1993). Shidfar is well-known as a brilliant translator of many classical texts of medieval Arabic literature. However, her opus magnum – the translation of the Qur’an – was released only after the death of the researcher. The article provides a brief analysis of the major scientific works by Shidfar. It contains personal memories of the author, who studied with Shidfar at Leningrad State University after the war.
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The paper discusses the functional and semantic features of denominative adverbs in the text of an Old Russian monument, “The Tale of Bygone Years”. The analysis is carried out taking into account the axiological component that characterizes the use of adverbial forms. The article studies the derivational structure of denominative adverbs and determines the specificity of their use in different content and ideologic contexts. It is found that the semantic structure of adverbs contains various types of evaluation, which were important for the consciousness of a medieval man.
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The article shows the isomorphism of the subsystems of the Old Russian language in relation to the organization of a rhetorical text. The structure of the text is determined to be dependent on the genre. The basic means of cohesion in the Old Russian didactic prose are described using the example of an individual text. Based on the variation of derivational units, the principle of creation of cohesion is formulated.
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The article studies the derivational semantics of Latin and Old High German derived substantives in the parallel text of Tatian’s Gospel Harmony. Based on a contrastive analysis of derivational categories, we determine lacunas in the Old High German word-formation semantics and the ways of their linguistic compensation. We show that the Latin language had a wider range of word-formation meanings in the system of substantives compared to the Old High German language, where derivational lacunas were compensated by the means of stem composition.
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The article presents a contrastive linguistic analysis of the linguistic-cognitive dominant of space in the Spanish, Russian and English languages based on J. Cortázar’s short story “Continuidad de los parques” (The Continuity of Parks) and its translations into Russian (made by V. Spasskaya, “Nepreryvnost Parkov”) and English (made by D. Page, “The Continuity of Parks”). The author considers the linguistic means for the description of space and the spatial position of a body and concludes that the division of space into one’s own space and alien space is clearer in the English linguistic mentalese than in the Spanish one, and is blurred in the Russian linguistic worldview.
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The article deals with the speech act of motivation in the Russian and Persian languages. The author points out that impositiveness is typical of the communicative behavior of the Russians and the Iranians and is expressed in the mentioned languages by numerous verb forms of the imperative mood. The author concludes that Russian imperative utterances differ from similar structures in the Persian language and are characterized by a higher level of categoricalness typical of certain communicative situations.
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The article deals with the peculiarities of semantics of motivators in the structure of lexical meanings of polysemantic substantives with the suffix -nik. The analysis reveals hidden meanings in the semantics of derived units. It is concluded that idiomacity, which is a characteristic feature of the substantives under study, is the most important factor of transparency of their semantic paradigm. In the major part of the words, polysemy is formed by the repetitive use of a certain word-formation pattern.
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The article deals with affixation as the most productive way to form words that characterize a person in the Tatar language. The analysis of lexicographical material as well as contrastive, historical and etymological data reveals productive and non-productive formants of Turkic origin. The paper identifies the phonetic variants of affixes in the dialects of the Tatar language. The affixes -лы, -сыз, -чыл and -чан are determined to be the most productive in the derived lexemes characterizing a person.
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The article examines competition between grammatical synonyms, namely imperfective verbs formed from perfective ones with the help of the suffixes -ыва-/-ива- (-yva-/-iva-) and - a-/-ja- (-a-/-ya-). Special attention is paid to the forms with the original root vowel -o- (-o-), удабривать (udobrit’ – udobrivat’ – udabrivat’)), which complicates the stated synonymy (удобрять – удо/абривать (udobryat’ – udo/abrivat’)). The paper presents historical information on correlation between the parallel forms with the suffixes -a-/-ja- (-a-/-ya-) and -ыва-/-ива- (-yva-/-iva-) and reveals various (stylistic, semantic and chronological) ways of their differentiation.
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A structural and word-formation analysis of the Turko-Tatar oikonyms of the Republic of Tatarstan is carried out. Simple non-derivative and simple derivative names as well as the issues of historical toponymy are studied. Simple derivative names with the most productive oikonym-forming affixes -лы/-ле, -чы/-че are determined to be the most frequent ones in Turko-Tatar oikonymy.
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In this article, the specificity of the linguistic personality of Catherine II is analyzed using her comedies as a case study. The originality of the language and verbal behavior of the Empress is identified. The selection and use of lexical and grammatical means are characterized. The features of literary and conversational styles and author's individual elements are distinguished. Specific grammatical and stylistic peculiarities are revealed such as closeness to conversational speech, linguistic creativity, unusual collocation of words, and metaphorization. A conclusion on a natural combination of the elements of conversational and literary styles in the works of the Empress is made.
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This article analyzes the dialectal verbs related to the process of eating. The work aims to reveal and describe lexical singularities of Russian dialects in Udmurtia. The study includes the mapping and the linguo-geographical, lexical and word-formation analysis of dialectal verbs belonging to the theme group of nutrition. In addition, the paper provides examples of phonetic, word-formation and lexical dialectal maps constructed with the help of the linguo-geographical information system Dialect. The research reveals the areas and isoglosses of some dialectal phenomena in the area between the Kama and the Vyatka rivers, and outlines lexical and word-formation peculiarities of the Russian dialects of the Udmurt Republic.
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The paper includes an introductory part and a main part. The exordium gives a broad outline of the origins of the term autopoiesis and describes in broad strokes the history of its use over the recent decades: since the concept has been developed by biologists Maturana and Varela to borrowing it by the social studies (Niklas Luhmann) to its development receptively in the fields of drama studies and performative arts (Erika Fischer-Lichte). From the vantage point of this paper, this term allows to think of artworks in their autonomy, as closed systems, whose substance lies in internal operations, in reproducing themselves, rather than as determined by the environment, the social or historical contexts, as other works. The main part, subtitled A Deficiency in a Term, seeks to give a broad outline of the grounds to use the term autopoiesis in the context of criticism of modernism, oriented towards its production-aesthetical domination and the myths of the outcast artists, incorporated in the official hierarchal history of the New Age. In the sense of the paper, autopoiesis does not denote a technique or an art method, but rather perceiving mindsets, permeating the entire sensuousness of art makers and perceivers. Autopoiesis, thought of as the infrastructure, in the network of which the communication between producers and perceivers takes place, allows for easing the tension between a number of contradictions on which modernity builds its mythological discourse (subject–objects; artist–society; spiritual culture–material culture; irrational–rational).
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