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Czytelnicy i społeczne obiegi książek

Author(s): Zofia Zasacka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2023

The article contains analyses of the reading expectations and reading tastes as well as the thematic and genre structure of Poles’ declared reading choices. It presents the most important trends in reading activity and book reading choices with the widest reading circulation and socio‑demographic determinants of Poles’ reading preferences. The article uses the analysis of the results of the annual nationwide survey of the readership of books among Poles over the age of 15 carried out by the National Library, especially two surveys from 2021 and 2022.

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The language of multimedia presentation

Author(s): Rumjana Stefanova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 17/2023

The present study is devoted to one of the forms of visual communication – multimedia presentation, considered in semiotic terms as a sign system. A structural approach is used in the present consideration and the basic principles for transforming a sign system into a signifying one are presented, as well as the conditions it should meet. The study uses the principles of linguistic analysis as a basis, analysing semantically the form and meaning of each text. In this case, the presentation is analyzed as a text and a part of language. Following the analysis, the study concludes that multimedia constitutes a sign system whose functioning is carried out in two axes: the simultaneity axis and the succession axis, which does not correspond exactly to the two axes in language: the paradigmatic and the syntagmatic. Each multimedia presentation is a complex hierarchical system with a tree-like semantic graph structure, but without meaning units and with syntax principles respected. Multimedia presentation in contemporary presentation forms is a typical example of the synergy of technology and the means of graphic design, and its integrated impact on the senses for marketing and advertising tailored to the specific target group of users.

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Przekład a twórczość własna w świetle tłumaczeń polsko-czeskich XVI i XVII wieku

Author(s): Klaudia Koczur-Lejk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 14/2023

The subject of considerations in the article are translations from Polish into Czech made in the 16th and 17th centuries. The author presents the cultural differences between Poland and the Czech Republic at that time, which determined the selection of works for translation and also influenced the reception of the translations. The main attention is focused on the figure of the Polish emigrant writer Bartłomiej Paprocki, who had the greatest contribution to the creation of subsequent translations. Paprocki attempted to instill trends characteristic of Polish Renaissance literature in the Czech Republic. Since this was not positively received, the writer began to convert his works, trying to adapt them to the habits and expectations of Czech readers. The aim of the article is to try to capture the connections between Paprocki‘s own work and the works of Polish poets that he chose for translation into Czech.

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Literackie sny zwierząt po psychoanalizie. Przypadek psów. Studium porównawcze

Author(s): Piotr Krupiński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 14/2023

The main objective of the paper is to compare two short stories: “Dog’s Dream” by Stefan Flukowski and “Waiting for the Dog to Dream” by Jerzy Ficowski. The element that both narratives have in common, as their titles indicate, is the question of their onirism. This is especially evident in Flukowski’s story, which almost in its entirety is a record of a “literary dream of psychoanalysis” (to use Inga Iwasiów’s phrase). The short story represents a fascination with Sigmund Freud, common to many writers of the interwar period, especially when it comes to his “Interpretation of Dreams.” Yet, an additional difficulty for the author of this article is the fact that the main characters of these stories – those who dream – are animals, i.e. dogs. This type of a narrative experiment demands an interpretative transgression beyond literary studies, towards natural sciences. The study includes many references to such disciplines as neurobiology, aetiology and evolutionary cognitive science.

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Polskie interpretacje dramatu Elektra J. Giraudoux – w translacji i na scenie

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Polskie interpretacje dramatu Elektra J. Giraudoux – w translacji i na scenie

Author(s): Krystyna Modrzejewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2024

The poetics and metaphors in the play Électre (1937) by J. Giraudoux pose a significant challenge for the translators and creators of a theater performance. Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz’s translation in 1941 emphasized dialogue and style – tragedy blending humor and fantasy, unknown in the Polish theatre tradition. The drama, directed by Edmund Wierciński on the Poetic Stage of the Polish Army Theater (Łódź, 16 II 1946), with a numerous cast, wonderful decorations and costumes, marked a great artistic event. The audience was delighted, but critics, unable to accept the ambiguities of the play, attacked the creators. This led to a political decision to close the stage, turning success into failure.

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Possession in the Damaskini Literature. Reflections of Vernacular in Historical Corpora

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Possession in the Damaskini Literature. Reflections of Vernacular in Historical Corpora

Author(s): Ivan Šimko / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

In our study we focus on expressions of possessive relations in Balkan Slavic texts from the 15th–19th centuries. These show, at first sight, a great variety, but it is not clear, which forms were still productive in the vernacular at the time. Besides the archaisms, emerging due to the influence of text tradition and norms of the written language, we also study the semantics of elements of the possessive relation (possessor and its object) as possible factors in the choice of particular variant of expression. The results also show individual preferences of particular writers. Old inflectional endings were used in nearly all of the text sources, especially while marking possessors based on nouns placed high on the animacy scale. Constructions using the preposition na, preferred today, became the preferred choice for all possessive relations in sources from East Bulgaria as late as in 19th century.

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Vybrané metody programu čtením a psaním ke kritickému myšlení ve výuce jedinců s odlišným mateřským jazykem

Author(s): Jana Marie Tušková,Hana Svobodová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2023

The paper focuses on the possibilities of using selected methods and procedures of the Reading and Writing for Critical Thinking programme in teaching individuals with a different mother tongue. Most of them develop reading literacy understood as the ability to understand, reflect on and use written text to achieve certain goals, i.e. to develop one’s own skills and knowledge and to actively participate in society. The essence of the paper consists of examples of practical use of selected methods of critical thinking in teaching Czech as a second/foreign language, which serve to motivate and develop writing and speaking.

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Integrace řečových dovedností v testování češtiny pro cizince

Author(s): Vladimíra Pechová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2023

The integration of language skills as an integral part of the everyday communication is reflected in modern methods of teaching second language. However, many high-stakes language exams still assess language skills separately. To reflect modern trends, an inte¬grated listening-to-writing task was included in the end-of-course exams of Czech at the Institute of Language and Preparatory Studies, Charles University in Prague. Passing this exam and getting a certificate of language proficiency allow students to apply for Czech public universities and study in Czech. In this paper the content, construct and decisi¬on to include integrated task in the exam will be discussed from an experience based perspective.

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Výuka češtiny na bohemistice na Vídeňské univerzitě

Author(s): Markéta Schürz Pochylová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2023

In addition to the theoretical study of the language, students of Czech studies in Vienna can also develop their practical knowledge of Czech by communicating with native speakers from the Czech minority. Students with different language backgrounds meet in the same class during their studies. We asked ourselves whether previous knowledge of the Slavic language is an advantage or disadvantage. We pointed out the typical manifestations of interference from German to Czech and showed what errors it causes and on which language levels.

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K posesivním adjektivům typu matčin ve staré a střední češtině

Author(s): Zuzana Maleňáková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2023

The paper presents the results of the research which explores the diachronic development of possessive adjectives in Old and Middle Czech. The research deals primarily with possessive adjectives formed from feminine nouns (constituent type matčin) and is mainly focused on the morphological aspects. On the basis of the excerpted material, the author observes the cases in which possessive adjectives of the type matčin have been preserved and also pays attention to the competition of the nominal and composite (adjectival) forms in each case. The possessive adjectives are shortly commented at the syntactic level as well.

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Pár slov k Mezinárodnímu setkání mladých lingvistů

Author(s): Yuliia Mostova / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2023

The traditional international meeting of young linguists, held at the Faculty of Arts of Palacký University in Olomouc on May 15-16, 2023, provided participants with an opportunity to reflect on a diverse array of ideas, discussions, and insights under the theme of an (In)comprehensible World. The main purpose of this meeting is to offer young linguists from around the world a platform to share and exchange their latest research, ideas, and findings in the field of linguistics. This year's conference focused on how language enables us to understand the world and share our thoughts, while also serving as a tool for manipulation and misinformation. The event highlighted the role of language in today's complex social and media context, examining how language and communication affect our ability to understand the world, present different worldviews, and the impact of cultural and generational differences on communication. The conference also explored the influence of non-verbal communication elements on message interpretation and the extent to which the current global situation affects language development. A plenary lecture by American cognitive linguist Laura Janda analyzed Vladimir Putin's speeches, focusing on the prohibition of the term "war" for the conflict in Ukraine and the use of grammatical cases in Russian discourse. The conference featured five specialized workshops and included a national round of the Student and Science: Linguistics competition, recognizing outstanding contributions from students.

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„ȘUMA CAPETELOR” – UN EXERCIȚIU OBIȘNUIT ÎN TRADUCERILE BIBLICE DIN TRANSILVANIA, ÎNCEPÂND CU NOUL TESTAMENT DE LA BĂLGRAD (1648)

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„ȘUMA CAPETELOR” – UN EXERCIȚIU OBIȘNUIT ÎN TRADUCERILE BIBLICE DIN TRANSILVANIA, ÎNCEPÂND CU NOUL TESTAMENT DE LA BĂLGRAD (1648)

Author(s): Niculina Iacob / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1 supp./2024

In the paratext of the Noul Testament de la Bălgrad [The New Testament from Alba Iulia], a special place is held by the so called “Șuma”, that is summaries of the chapters, supposed to orient the reader towards an easier understanding of that specific chapter and even to have a didactic role in the context of the 1648 translation. It was proven that the summaries translated in the text published in Alba Iulia were made by Theodore Beza who wrote them in Latin and first published them in the 1580 Greek-Latin New Testament edition (Geneva). This type of summaries will become a tradition, especially in the biblical translations in Transylvania after 1648, as they sometimes give indications about the filiation of the texts, as will be revealed in the present paper.

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РЕФЛЕKСИЈЕ СТУДЕНАТА МАСТЕРСКИХ СТУДИЈА СРБИСТИКЕ О КВАЛИТЕТУ НАСТАВЕ НА ПРЕДМЕТУ МЕТОДИКА НАСТАВЕ СРПСКОГ ЈЕЗИКА КАО СТРАНОГ

Author(s): Aleksandar M. Novaković,Saša J. Kostadinović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2022

The topic of this article is the evaluation of the quality of teaching in the course The Methodology of Teaching Serbian as a Foreign Language, which was introduced in the school year 2021/2022 in the postgraduate program of Serbian language studies at the Faculty of Philosophy in the University of Nis. The goal of the research is to create a clearer image about the quality of teaching of the course itself, as well as to extract specific conclusions about the possible improvements to the course. In the article I used the method of theoretical analysis as well the method of content analysis, in other words the descriptive method with the techniques of surveying and scaling. Although only nine students attended the postgraduate program, and only five elected this course, I received valuable results from two students in particular, surveyed before the start and after the end of the course. The students noted several reasons for their overall satisfaction with the course they attended, namely the appropriateness of the activities and the scope of the course material, as well as the number of ESP points entailed in the course, in other words the compatibility between the actual activities the students performed in the course and those activities entailed in the curriculum. Additionally, other positives included: a systematic, complete and harmonious organization of the lecture and tutorial classes, the use of class materials prepared by the teacher before every class -bibliographies, specific lessons and video-materials, the punctual realization and evaluation of pre-examination obligations, as well as the practice of working with cameras during online classes (established during the appearance and spread of the Corona virus). However, apart from positive remarks the students offered several negative comments, mainly those pertaining to the insufficient time allocated for: 1) the creation of student teaching materials (textbook lessons), 2) work with foreign students, and 3) the exhaustion of attending tutorial classes which were held immediately after the lecture classes.

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ЧИТАЛАЧКА КУЛТУРА УЧЕНИКА ТРЕЋЕГ И ЧЕТВРТОГ РАЗРЕДА ГИМНАЗИЈЕ

Author(s): Branka R. Brčkalo,Zlatko M. Pavlović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2022

The printed book and traditional literacy, on which our societies have based since the Gutenberg revolution, are increasingly being replaced today by electronic screens and digital literacy. The changes that have taken place in all aspects of life in the last few decades are also reflected in school teaching and students' reading culture. It is well known that books are written for someone to read and that literature is concretized and realized only thanks to the mediating experience of those who read a literary work. We were interested in the reading culture of the students of the third and fourth grade of the general grammar school, because we believe that they are active readers with a built-in reading taste. The aim of this paper is to analyze the reading culture of third and fourth grade high school students in schools belonging to the city of East Sarajevo. With a questionnaire designed for research purposes, we measured several indicators that indicate the level of reading culture. The results of the research suggest that students are generally interested in reading, that they still value the printed book and that they read mostly aesthetically valuable books, ie. that the level of reading culture can be considered satisfactory. Also, the results indicate that the interest in reading is more pronounced among female students and students with better school performance (especially in Serbian language).

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Je to pravda, pretože si to myslím. Argumentačné schopnosti žiakov mladšieho školského veku v Českej republike

Author(s): Klára Eliášková,Martina Šmejkalová / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

This paper presents some results of the research project Effectiveness of Pedagogical Interventions against School Failure at Primary School, which examines the causes of school failure in primary school pupils in the Czech Republic from a variety of educational perspectives. Our part of the research focuses on the teaching of mother tongue as a subject and, based on the analysis of the obtained data, it provides findings as to whether Grade 2 primary school pupils are able to make age-appropriate factual utterances and whether they are able to maintain semantic and logical consistency in their argumentative utterances about non-verbal text. The main part of the paper analyses the relationship between the questions that the pupils were asked and their responses to them. Also, this paper investigates whether this skill is being properly developed in primary schools. Although we present the results of a research which was carried out in the Czech Republic, we assumeit may also be useful in international contexts. From the perspective of practical application, it may serve as an important source of inspiration, particularly with respect to language teachers in the countries affected by the former Soviet Union’s educational policies and similar didactic models.

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Vliv tempa a frázování čteného textu na porozumění

Author(s): Jana Vlčková-Mejvaldová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2023

The study investigates whether and to what extent speaking rate and phrasing affect the comprehension of a read text. Three groups of listeners were presented with three different versions ofa naturally read text. The versions were acquired naturally, i.e., without speech signal modification,in three ways: using normal speech rate and phrasing corresponding to the logical and syntactic structure of the text, using high speech rate with preserved logical phrasing, and, finally, using natural speech rate with distorted phrasing. The three recordings were presented to three comparable groups of respondents respectively. Their task was to determine whether the statements related to the text were true. It turned out that an increase in speech rate affected comprehension minimally, while chaotic phrasing caused a decrease in comprehension of up to 33%.

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Хармония и идеология: творчеството на украинските и руските класици в света на идеите на Григорий Сковорода (Тарас Шевченко, Павло Тичина, Фьодор Достоевски, Антон Чехов и др.)

Author(s): Olga Tabachnikova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 31/2023

The article compares the range of ideas and feelings of the outstanding religious philosopher Hryhorii Skovoroda with the work of a number of Ukrainian and Russian classics (such as Taras Shevchenko, Pavlo Tychina, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Mikhail Lermontov, Anton Chekhov, Yuri Dombrovsky and Vasily Grossman). First of all, we are interested in contrasting the inner sense of the harmony of existence, the ability to feel the immutable joy of being, on the one hand, and ideologized consciousness, speculative, abstract thinking, on the other. The connection of these phenomena with the concepts of nihilism, theomachism, atheistic worldview in their historical development is considered. At the same time, the philosophical problems of faith and faithlessness, the tragedy of existence and attempts to overcome it, the life of the spirit and soul are touched upon. Conclusions are drawn about the commonality of the spiritual branches of Slavic culture.

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Морфологический способ терминообразования в области нефтегазовой промышленности

Author(s): Mohamed Rachid Miloud / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2022

The paper is devoted to the study of the morphological method of word formation in the terminology of the oil and gas industry. The main traditional ways of term formation (suffixation, prefix and word composition) are analyzed in this study and the parts of speech used in the word-formation act of Russian terms in the oil and gas industry are examined. On the basis of conducted research, it can be argued that the terms of the oil and gas industry are formed according to the rules of word formation of commonly used vocabulary.

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ФИЛМ У РАЗВИЈАЊУ ВЕШТИНЕ СЛУШАЊА У НАСТАВИ ЕНГЛЕСКОГ ЈЕЗИКА КАО СТРАНОГ

Author(s): Bojana Crnogorac Stanišljević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2018

This paper will try to explain and point to the importance and multiple advantages of using film as authentic material in teaching English in order to develop listening skill. The paper highlights the benefits of video material, and/or film as pedagogical means, such as: authentic language, visual support to speech, vivid cultural context and motivation development. The role of visual information in solving the problem of difficulty of authentic language has also been shown, as well as in clarifying meaning and better understanding. The criteria that a teacher should take into consideration while selecting films have also been listed. The overview of previous research on the influence of using video material on listening comprehension has been given. A special part is dedicated to problems of using subtitles. In the end, the proposal of using film in teaching English as a foreign language has been shown on the example of the documentary. The proposal includes the activities that are used during three phases of film watching technique: before, during and after watching.

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Special Issue: Hausa texts from Maradi (Niger) collected by Claude Gouffé in 1968 (with annotations in French)

Author(s): / Language(s): English,French Issue: 58/2024

SALC Special Issue 2024 is documentation of the Hausa oral tradition from Niger. The texts, originally handwritten notes from field research, are the legacy of the outstanding French researcher of the Hausa language and culture, Claude Gouffé (1926-2013). The edition preserves the original spelling rules of the texts and comments on linguistic forms and content. In the presented edition, records of interviews with an informant using the Hausa dialect from Niger are presented in thematically separate sections: ethnographic texts, oral literature texts (stories) and praise poetry (kirari).

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