Поетът като критик. От „На острова на блажените“ на Пенчо Славейков до „Около една стара песен“ на Димчо Дебелянов

Author(s): Svetozar Lyubomirov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2017

In the article is considered the problem for the place of literary criticism, history and theory in literary studies. It’s developed the thesis that we should follow the principle ‘from author to author’, so it can be differentiated thematic-problematic circle: biography – critics arguments of the author – literary text. For this purpose is given a meaning to the anthological and critical thinking of Pencho Slaveykov in ‘On the Isle of the Blessed’ and in the essay of Dimcho Debelyanov ‘About an old song’, poses the problem for dedication to the art.

Портфолио на художествената творба – интерактивна технология за развиване на литературни и социокултурни компетентности в обучението по български език и литература

Author(s): Kostadinka Hristova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2017

Доклади от форума „Дни на българския език и култура“, Форли, Италия, 6 – 8 април

Author(s): Organizing committiee Days of Bulgarian Language and Culture / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2017

Спорные вопросы правления болгарского царя Петра I (927 969)

Author(s): Mirosław J. Leszka,Kirił Marinow / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2017

À negative opinion on the reign of the Bulgarian Tsar Peter I (927–969) is sometimes still present in the scholarly literature. He has been described as a weak ruler without any serious political ambitions, pious and focused on religious matters, but neglectful of issues crucial for the Bulgarian state. His reign is said to be marred by byzantinisation of the court and the state itself, a passive response to the Hungarian raids, and the spreading of bogomilism. Peter is thus said to be guilty of the Bulgarian fall of 971. The article aims at a reconsideration of Peter’s rule and the authors present arguments in favour of a more balanced evaluation of the Tsar and his times.

Правила о черноризцах в Кормчих книгах и сборниках

Author(s): Galina S. Barankova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2017

The article is devoted to the “Rules for monks” who are part of the Kormčaya and of Old Russian miscellanies. The earliest copies of the Rules are contained in a miscellany of the late 12th – early 13th century (Russian State Library, collection of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, № 12) and in the Novgorod Kormčaya of 1280 (GIM, Synodal Collection, № 132). The different redactions of the Rules are determined and the general principles according to which the Rules were reworked in the Novgorod Kormčaya are defined. The article also presents the long history of this text in Old Russian miscellanies.

Някои бележки за един гръцки ръкопис от ХIV век

Author(s): Darinka Karadžova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

A Greek manuscript from the 1340s and the middle of the 14th century has been preserved in the rich archives of the National Library in Sofia (NLCM, Gr. 25). The manuscript contains valuable marginalia of a cultural and historical character. According to some of them the manuscript is connected to the history of the Great Lavra and the Koutloumousiou Monastery on Mount Athos during an extremely important period of the literary and artistic processes in the general Balkan and South Slavonic manuscript literature. Codicological criteria, such as the outer appearance of the book block and the wooden covers, the ornaments and characteristics of the leather wrapping them, the leather imprints on the y-leaf, etc., as well as the data in one of the marginalia, point to an early book binding from the first half of the 16th century preserved to this day. The book binding shows highly artistic craftsmanship and was most likely made by the bookbinding workshop of Serres, whose bishop Gennadius bought the manuscript from Koutloumousiou in order to give it to Kosinitsa Monastery. Such facts are valuable evidence regarding both the particular types of binding and techniques of decorating the leather cover of Greek manuscript books during the mentioned period and the models that the Bulgarian bookbinders would eventually borrow.

Международна научна конференция Св. Климент Охридски в културата на Европа (София, 25 27 ноември 2016)

Author(s): Neli Gancheva,Tsvetomira Danova,Lyuba Ilieva,Iveta Rasheva,Kamen Stanev,Iva Trifonova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

Из „Психоанализа на вълшебните приказки“

Author(s): Bruno Bettelheim / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 17/2016

Bettelheim writes about the emotional and symbolic importance of fairy tales for children, such as those collected and published by the Grimm Brothers. Bettelheim thought that by engaging with these socially evolved stories, children would go through emotional growth and this would better prepare them for their own future life. The text „The Child’s Need for Magic“, part of the first section „A Pocketful of Magic“, outlines Bettelheim's thoughts on the value of fairy tales for children. The author demonstrates a correspondence between the fairy-tale world and the experience and thinking of children. The second part, „In Fairy Land“ presents psychoanalytical readings of several popular fairy tales. In „Hansel and Gretel“ and „The Sleeping Beauty“ Bettelheim suggested that traditional fairy tales, with the darkness of abandonment, death, witches, and injuries, allowed children to grapple with their fears in remote, symbolic terms. If they could read and interpret these fairy tales in their own way, he believed, they would get a greater sense of meaning and purpose.

Историографски корени на Дриновото творчество

Author(s): Dimitar Hristov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/2015

The article searches the historiography roots in the writings of the famous Bulgarian and Russian scholar Marin Drinov (1838–1906). It traces in a retrospective manner the major influences on Drinov’s work – Sergey Solovyev, Osip Bodyansky, Pavel Shafarik, and Feodor Buslayev. The paper also inquires about the teachers of Drinov’s teachers – Nikolay Karamzin, Mikhail Pogodin, Wilhelm Humboldt, Jacob Grimm, and others. The most important phenomena of the historical and linguistic writings of the late 18th and the 19th centuries are treated as well – romanticism, positivism, historicism, German philology, Slavic philology, mythological school, genetic approach, comparative and historical methods in philology, etc. The conclusion outlines the scholarly place of Drinov as a member of a chain of outstanding thinkers, remarkably characteristic for the vast span and the grand magnitude of their research and academic activities.

Цариградските българи, Марин Дринов и въпросът за седалището на Българското книжовно дружество преди Освобождението

Author(s): Plamen Bozhinov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/2015

The study traces the contacts of the founders of the Bulgarian Literary Society (BLS) Marin Drinov and Vasil D. Stoyanov with the Bulgarian community in Istanbul, where a significant Bulgarian literary, spiritual and political center was formed after the 1840s. Ever since the BLS was founded in Braila in 1869 there was the idea to move its head office to some central town in Bulgaria or to Istanbul in order to be closer to the people and to better meet their educational and cultural needs. This plan remained unfulfilled until 1876 because of the opposition of the revolutionary emigration in Romania and the dissent of the Bulgarians in Istanbul. Only after the Liberation BLS transferred its activity in Sofia, the capital of the Principality of Bulgaria, and thus it was under the new conditions that the original idea of its founders was carried out.

MESAMBRIA PERSICA (ad Arr. Anab. (Ind.) 8, 39, 2-4)

Author(s): Miroslav Izdimirski / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 22/2017

The paper addresses the issue of the toponym Mesambria mentioned by Flavius Arrianus as the name of a peninsula in the Persian Gulf (pers. Bushehr). Arrian followed the narratives of Nearchos above all, but also of Onesikritos and Androsthenes, who also took part in the expedition of the Macedonian fleet across the Indus River and across the Persian Gulf to the Euphrates River. After source-critical analysis both of Arrian’s text and of the ancient geographers Eratosthenes, Strabo, Pliny the Elder and Claudius Ptolemy, the conclusion reached is that in all probability Arrian presented a passage from Nearchos’ periplus. It is important to specify that the toponym Mesambria was part of Arrian’s information sphere, because before Anabasis he wrote his Periplus Ponti Euxini. On the other hand, an analysis is made also of the information in the Persepolis fortification tables related to the working population kurtaš in the royal farms in Persis and Elam. There, in Taoka, close to the peninsula referred to as Mesambria/Bushehr by Nearchos/Arrian, there were workers – Skudrians – who are considered to have been recruited migrants from the “Thracian-Phrygian culture zone.” This leaves a possibility the toponym Mesambria to have been transferred to Persia from Southeastern Europe.

АНТОНИЯ ТРИФЕНА ОТВЪД АНОНИМНОСТТА В ЛИТЕРАТУРНИТЕ ИЗВОРИ

Author(s): Ruja Popova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 22/2017

The theme of the last kings who ruled Thrace before it was officially annexed as a Roman province evoked new interest in the past several years. After the distant 1752, when F. Cary performed the primary systematisation of the Thracian dynastic history and linked the representatives of the Thracian and Bosporan dynastic homes, that last stage in the relative autonomy of the Thracian kingdom, as well as its link with the Northern Black Sea region, attracted sustainable research interest. A new – Sapaian – dynasty was introduced in circulation at the end of the 19th century, being defended or refuted over time, and relatively many stemmata presenting the genealogy of the last representatives of Thracian rule were constructed. An attempt is made in this text to look at that part of Thracian history through the image of a woman who had remained anonymous for the ancient authors, but has been amply attested through epigraphics and numismatics. Antonia Tryphaina is consistently represented in seven epigraphic monuments as the daughter of kings (Polemon I of Pontos and Pythodoris І), as Kotys’ wife and hence “herself queen”, as “mother of kings” next to her sons. In numismatics she is known from being presented as “queen” on coins dating from the period of her autonomous rule, as well as from her joint rule with her son Polemon. Antonia Tryphaina benefited from the privileges of her origin and marriage to become involved in the political life during the first half of the 1st century AD and to introduce her children into its intricacies. Being the representative of two ages, through the noble origin of her family from the Hellenistic/Hellenised Anatolia, she represented the declining Hellenistic tradition in Asia Minor. On the other hand, through the limitations that the desire to participate in the political life in her time imposed upon her, she was under the direct influence of the imperial family and turned into the ideal image of an amica populi Romani.

ЕВРИПИДОВАТА ТРАГЕДИЯ ХЕКУБА: МЕТАМОРФОЗА И РИТУАЛНО ПРОСТРАНСТВО

Author(s): / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 22/2017

The topic considered is the motive of regressive metamorphosis of the Trojan queen Hecuba as an essential element for the identification and reconstruction of the ritual space of dramaturgical eventfulness in Euripides’ tragedy Hecuba. Metamorphosis is considered generally as a non-traditional solution of the tragic conflict. One of the few known precedents is the lost Sophocles’ tragedy Tereus, which places the dramaturgical ritual space – on the analogy to Euripides’ tragedy Hecuba – in the mythological topos of the ancient Thracian world. These paradigmatic associations determine the specific functionality of ancient Thrace in seeking for theatrical Otherness of Athenian democracy and the ritualising of overcoming its own problems and conflict situations.

РЕЗОС – ЛИТЕРАТУРЕН ОБРАЗ ИЛИ ЛИТЕРАТУРИЗИРАНА ПРЕДСТАВА ЗА КОННИКА ХЕРОЙ НА ТРАКИТЕ

Author(s): Valeria Fol / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 22/2017

The paper analyses the written sources and the hypotheses expressed in favour or against a developed cult of Rhesos as a hero. The evidence on Rhesos shapes three images, each with its specificities. The idea of the Hero in Hellas and its “encounter” with the notion of the Thracians of the heroic are examined. Some authors accept that the image of Rhesos belonged to the Achaean mythological cycle. Most Bulgarian authors prefer the opinion expressed 100 years ago by W. Leaf, based on Cicero’s evidence (Cic. De natura deorum III, 45) that the tragedy Rhesos was born from poetic fancy, which is seriously criticised in Western specialised literature. The evidence shows that the socium in the region of the Rhodope Mountains overcame the conflict between the disappearance and the preservation of the cultural memory, and the defining of yesterday and today through a folklore narrative and rites connected with the image of the Horseman Hero, probably Rhesos. In the different cultures – of polis and ethnos types – the individual who had passed “beyond” can become unforgettable and divine protector of the socium in different ways, Euripides (Eur. Rhes.) and Philostratus sensed the different notion and understanding of a divine protector among the Thracians, which led to the confusing use of theos, heros and anthropodaimon, which is confusing to us, as the authors have tried to come maximally close to the way of thinking of the bearers of the faith-ritual related to Rhesos, i.e., to the Thracian world outlook and way of preservation of the cultural memory. The reference to Rhesos as anthropodaimon, daimon and heros can also be interpreted as defining of different recognised ideas in the “culture of death” of the Thracian aristocratic faith-ritual whose aim is the immortalisation and the preservation of the link with the deceased who had gone to the World Beyond, profanated and rendered as folklore during the Late Antiquity.

Editorial: Introducing the Journal of Gypsy Studies

Author(s): Ozge Burcu Gunes,Başak Akgül,Danielle Schoon,Ibrahim Sirkeci,Deniz Eroğlu Utku / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

After much preparation and hard work, we are pleased to release this inaugural issue of the Journal of Gypsy Studies which is an international, peer-reviewed journal aiming to publish quality and rigorous research and scholarship, as well as intellectual conversations/interviews, book reviews, conference reports, viewpoints, and letters on the groups known as and associated with Gypsies. As the production of academic work pertaining to the cultural, social, economic, and political lives of Gypsies is increasing, there is a need for research and theoretical contributions that centre on issues of poverty, discrimination, the sedentary/nomad divide, migration, urban policies, and citizenship and identity, among others. This is particularly important as right-wing political parties are on the rise in many countries where Roma/Gypsies live. Universities that have been influential in Romani studies are being threatened with closure, and Roma/Gypsies face violent attacks and forced evictions everyday. Although some governments and international organizations engage more and more with Roma/Gypsy organisations and development and inclusion programs, tangiable change is rare on the ground. This journal has been created by the hard work and dedication of a small team of academics initiated by Başak Akgül, Doğa Elçin, and Ibrahim Sirkeci in 2015 and among several brilliant colleagues who offered help and support, including Özge Burcu Güneş, Deniz Eroğlu Utku, Danielle V. Schoon, and Margarite Blignaut. We are grateful for their support as well as many colleagues who joined the editorial boards and served as reviewers.

Nelietuviški XIX a. galo – XX a. pradžios katalikų katekizmų terminai

Author(s): Aušra Rimkutė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 12/2005

Lithuanian Christian terminology is one of the oldest fields of terminology – the old borrowings (for instance, bažnyčia (church), gavėnia (Lent), krikštas (baptism), kūčios (Christmas Eve), Kalėdos (Christmas), Velykos (Easter)) came into Lithuanian before the official conversion of Lithuania to Christianity – in 10th-12th centuries. The beginnings of Lithuanian terminology are found in extant manuscripts of prayers (Viešpaties malda (The Lord’s prayer), Angelo pasveikinimas (Hail Mary), Tikėjimo išpažinimas (The Nicean Creed) written down in Vilnius diocese in the 16th century, which are the oldest of all presently known texts and the first printed Lithuanian book – an evangelical Lutheran catechism Catechismvsa prasty Szadei written by Martynas Mažvydas in 1547. This article analyses one-word non-Lithuanian origin terms of religion used in Catholic catechisms from the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries. This period is not a random choice, because the literature of the Church and its language at that time were corrupt with barbarisms.From four Catholic catechisms published at that period – Mokslas Rimo Kataliku (Teaching of Roman Catholics) (1879), Trumpasis Кип. Filochowskio katekizmas. Vaiszganto verstas (Short Catechism by Priest Filochowski. Translated by Vaiszgantas) (1901), Katakizmai katalikiszki (Catholic Catechisms) (1903) and Tikybos mokslas (Šv. Istorijos ir Katekizmo) (Teaching of Religion (Holy History and Catechism)) (1916) by the priest Kazimieras Paltarokas – 1158 one-word terms of religion and their variants, were picked up. Some terms were the same, so it made 613 different terms and 125 their variants. The majority of one-word terms – 439 terms – were of the native origin. This article investigates 141 different terms of non-Lithuanian origin and 33 hybrid terms of foreign origin.Non-Lithuanian, i.e. terms of religion of the foreign origin are so called international words (34 terms), barbarisms (71 term) and old borrowings (36 terms). The absolute majority of international terms (33 terms) are derived from classical languages – Latin (aktas (act, note) TFK 43, ostija (host) KK 30, MRK 322, TM 123, sakramentas (sacrament) MRK 16, 79, 138, TFK 9, KK 22, TM 72, 85) and Greek (antifona (versicle) TM 11, balzamas (balsam) MRK 315). Some international terms came through Slavonic (Belorussian, Polish) languages, for instance, altorius (altar) MRK 176, TM 110, adventas (advent) MRK 79, 333, TM 109, angelas (angel) TM 12, 76 and other.The origin of old borrowings varies. These catechisms have majorily old borrowings from Slavonic languages, for example, bažnyčia (church) MRK 25, TFK 20, 25, KK 19, TM 7, 88, grabas (coffin) MRK 75, KK 15 and other. This is the oldest layer of Lithuanian terms of religion.There are many barbarisms in earlier mentioned catechisms (71 term): Polonisms (abrozas (picture) MRK 79, dūšia (spirit) MRK 29, TFK 8, KK 11, tajemnyčia (mystery of rosary) MRK 50), Slavonicisms (apieka (care) KK 10), Belorussianisms (тūkа (suffering) MRK 57, TFK 11, 25, KK 46) and germanisms (podžiai (godparents) TM 120).The end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries is the period of the fast creation of common language. At that time terms of religion were already established, but the language was corrupted with barbarisms and was not pure. In the beginning of the 20th century there were attempts to normalize terms of religion – barbarisms were changed, international terms and old borrowings were left. In the work of the priest K. Paltarokas Tikybos mokslas (The Teaching of Religion) even 82% of terms are purely Lithuanian. In this catechism there is only one barbarism from German language – podžiai (godparents) TM 120. Furthermore, barbarisms, used in catechisms published in 1879-1903, were changed, for instance, dirmavonė MRK 108, TFK 9, KK 27 – sutvirtinimo sakramentas TM 120 (confirmation), čysčius MRK 63, TFK 17, KK 16, 37 – skaistykla TM 89 (purgatory) and others. After the bishop Paltarokas the terminology of Lithuanian catholic catechisms hardly changed.

Gydymo priemonių pavadinimai daktaro Antano Vileišio medicinos knygelėse

Author(s): Palmira Zemlevičiūtė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 12/2005

This article analyses the names of treatment means (over 400) collected from sixteen books of popular medicine by doctor Antanas Vileišis (1856–1919) according to their meaning, expression and origin.In respect of meaning these names differ. Six notional groups were identified – names of medications for internal and external use, bandaging means and medical dressings, first aid means, disinfecting or anti-bacterial means, medical implements and manipulation treatment.In respect of expression the majority of names of treatment means are complex terms, mainly two-word terms (200), also there are quite few three-word terms (nearly 80). A variety of means of expression is characteristic to specific elements of those terms.In respect of origin Lithuanian words prevail, though there are quite a lot of words of foreign origin – international words and barbarisms. In some cases barbarisms were substituted with Lithuanian equivalents, though sometimes the author gives a barbarism next to Lithuanian word – presumably trying to adjust his language to the lexicon used by target readers. The abundance of borrowed words possibly has been influenced by the language, style and terminology of foreign authors, because most of doctor Vileišis books were translations of works of Russian, Polish or German authors or were prepared using such works.The names of treatment means have synonyms and variants. Most frequently two Lithuanian words or a Lithuanian word and non-Lithuanian word are used synonymously.Popular medical books by doctor Antanas Vileišis are the important source for the history of Lithuanian medical terminology.

Asmenis įvardijantys teisės terminai 1918–1940 m. Lietuvos kodeksuose

Author(s): Alvydas Umbrasas / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 12/2005

Sources for the research in this article are unofficial translations of Russian legal codes, which were valid in Lithuania between 1918 and 1940, into Lithuanian. The article analyses terms of law for naming persons. Part of these terms could be attributed to the jurisprudence, other part – to the legal practice. They are names of persons connected by the legal relations and persons performing legal functions. There were about 800 such terms found in the earlier mentioned codes. About half of them are one-word terms, a half of them – complex terms (mainly two-word terms). Terms are discussed according to their origin and word-formation.A characteristic feature of law terms of that period naming persons is their Lithuanian origin. Names of persons, which are separable in respect of word-formation, are rare in those codes, most of them are derivatives. Some of them are coined specially for the needs of law terminology, most of them are terminologized. It is quite difficult to mark strictly terminologized formations from new formations. If a derivative, which is systematically possible, did not get into the earlier lexicography, it is not possible to conclude that such word did not exist. Most of law terms naming persons are derivatives with suffixes -to-jas, -a and -ėjas, -a, which on the whole are very common and productive. It is possible that exactly because of the commonness some terms made with the suffix -tojas, -a were replaced with derivatives with the suffix -ovas, -ė. More clearly new words were made with the suffix -ininkas, -ė.The article singles out a distinctive type of law terms naming persons – substantivized participles, mostly of the passive voice of the present tense. This is quite convenient way of a short expression. Some of the terms of this type are usual until nowadays.Borrowings make quite a small part of law terms naming persons in these codes. Almost all borrowings are international words. An absolute majority of them are of the Latin origin. The Lithuanization of a very few international words differs from the present one, variations are rare. Hybrid terms are close to borrowings, though such way of naming persons in these code was not popular at all.

Описание на курс по междукултурно разбиране

Author(s): Raya Zhivkova-Krupeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2017

The course in Intercultural Understanding is an elective didactic course targeted at fourth year BA students of English Philology at St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia. During the course students acquire theoretical background in techniques for teaching culture, aimed at developing the intercultural competence of students of English, and practice the ones appropriate for use in monocultural environment in the form of micro-teachings. Unlike the thematically related course in The Cultural Dimension in FLT, also offered to students of the same target group, which is a purely theoretical course, the course in Intercultural Understanding is more practically oriented. The wish is to give the future English language teachers the opportunity to acquire skills of applying techniques for developing the intercultural competence together with the linguistic competence of the students of English. Developing intercultural competence leads to improving the quality of intercultural communication as a result of the better mutual understanding, including empathy in the process of communication between representatives of different cultures, in our case between Bulgarians and representatives of English-speaking cultures.

Пространствените ориентации в културата и в езика

Author(s): Palmira Legurska,Ilya Zlatanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2017

East, west, north, south are not universal concepts. In a number of cultures and historical periods they are missing or remain unnamed. The words they designate often turn into conceptual metaphors that pierce in everyday speech. Concepts contain language and cultural knowledge, ideas, assessments. Knowing the national culture is a key to understand the right meaning.