Okręg kwidzyński w przededniu plebiscytu w świetle niemieckiej broszury dla komisji alianckiej - tłumaczenie tekstu źródłowego z komentarzem

Author(s): Emilia Figura-Osełkowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2020

This article contains a faithful translation of a German propaganda booklet issued before the plebiscite in Kwidzyn in July 1920. The entire booklet written by the German Committee for Western Prussia is addressed at the Inter-Allied Commission and consists of six chapters informing on the area’s geography, historical conditions, economic structure, current social structure and rivers: Vistula, Nogat and Osa. The passage selected for translation regards the social aspects and describes the inhabitants of Powiśle, area included in the Western Prussian Plebiscite District headquartered in Kwidzyn, in terms of nationality. The publication was created to serve the needs of the German plebiscite agitation and should be approached critically for this specific reason. Nevertheless, this littleknown German document holds great historical value, particularly useful to scholars and persons passionate about the history of the interwar period.

Historical school of Mykhailo Hrushevsky in Lviv: formation, structure, personal contribution

Author(s): Vitaliy Telvak,Vasyl Pedych,Viktoria Telvak / Language(s): English Issue: 20/2021

This article deals with the genesis and functioning of the Lviv Historical School of M. Hrushevsky. The plans to create a historical school of Ukrainian character at the University of Lviv were made by the initiators of the department of World History – specializing in with the history of the Western Europe – i.e.O. Barvinsky, V. Antonovych, and O. Koninsky, as well as by M. Hrushevsky.The school had a two-stage structure of formation and functioning: the historical seminar of the University of Lviv and the section for the history of philosophy of the Scientific Society of Shevchenko. It made it possible to gather creative young people on the first stage at the University of Lviv, and introduce them to the scientific work and to prepare and train the new employees on the second stage in the section for the history of philosophy of the Scientific Society of Shevchenko.The composition of the school were elaborated relying on the firstly determined criteria (taking part in the scientific seminar, the work in the sections and commissions of the Scientific Society Shevchenko, scholar maturity etc). It was determined that the Lviv school counted 20 young historians, among whom one was a woman.The Ukrainian Galician Center of Hrushevsky was characterized as a common school of the leadership type, whose didactic tasks were accompanied by the simultaneous creation of the new Ukrainian historical ideology.It was concluded that the Lviv Historical School was undoubtedly the most important humanistic phenomenon in the Ukrainian science, both in terms of effectiveness and the temporal range of influence. Its appearance marked the entry of Ukrainian science into a new level of professionalization.

The Value of Historical Knowledge for the Modern World

Author(s): Svitlana Hanaba / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2023

The purpose of the article is to understand the lessons of history from the standpoint of human values and to emphasize the heritage of the past as a social resource capable of fostering understanding, tolerance, complicity and contributing to the solution of contemporary social problems. The methodological basis is the use of socio-philosophical analysis to characterize the historical process as the interaction of two principles: objectively determined and subjectively volitional. The axiological approach helped to analyse the educational potential of history in the modern world practices and to present education as a space of freedom in a person’s self-development. The scholar underlines that the change of historical eras causes a change in the established system of values. It is about the process of revaluation and the value system ‘creation’. No historical fact can be explained and evaluated beyond its historical time. The understanding of the past including its value system in the realities of the modern world determines the understanding of a person as a development system, which is carried out on the basis of the cultural-historical experience of a particular society. The formation of a new system of values and moral-ethical priorities of each historical era does not occur from scratch. The universal human virtues tested by time and sanctified by history serve as a basis for revising and creating worldview and value standards of a specific historical era. They appear to be a spiritual capital of humanity, accumulated over millennia, which will never depreciate, but on the contrary, will gain more value. The reference point in all historical processes is a person. The person is considered to be an active agent of history, who does not create his life under the influence of objective laws and external factors, but who combines his own intentions with the worldview and value orientations of his time. The basis of the historical reality manifestation is determined by the multifaceted nature of human existence. A picture of the past is created from small particles of historical events, individual touches, memories, a mosaic set of human perception of the world, which is more reliable, because it carries the ‘human spirit’. The focus of the scholar’s attention is the world of the unique and unrepeatable, and not the general and theoretically modelled one. Education built on the intentions of tolerance is designed to contribute to the formation of an individual capable of caring about the universal pain of human problems, to cultivate involvement as an important component of worldview mobility.

ROMANIA, CROATIA AND ITS RELATIONS WITH GERMANY BETWEEN 1940-1945

Author(s): Mihail-Gabriel Chiricheș / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 35/2023

The present paper is probing the aspects that defined the German influence in Croatia, capturing some of the results of the subordinate politics in all aspects of the Reich and Italy. The Italian and German profiles governed the balancing policy of Croatia in favour of Germany for breaking away from the Italian friendship. Romania placed its destinies alongside Germany, these aspects being followed from the Romanian-German collaborations imposed by pacts, treaties, understandings and orientations within the Axis towards states that sought their covery of the territories taken over by Hungary in 1940.

Tożsamość miejsca a marketing terytorialny na przykładzie dawnej pomorskiej krainy Kosznajderii – szanse i ograniczenia

Author(s): Tomasz Marcysiak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 01/2023

Contemporary attention is closely focused on the changes taking place within small local communities, where members not only see the value in building their community brand but also feel the need for self-identification. This process supports the development of entrepreneurship, tourism, and various other areas of human activity. However, not all regions possess a well-established identity that is unquestionable for their residents, or it may require redefinition. In some cases, inherited material and sometimes spiritual heritage may not be considered a regional asset and, on the contrary, may be seen as a “problematic” legacy. Border regions or post-migration areas, where one group of people settled in the place of another, sometimes even forcibly, are particularly complex. This situation may be euphemistically described, but it relates to extremely dramatic circumstances associated with displacement, expulsion, or even extermination. The Author considers it essential to examine attempts to build an identity based on the centuries- old heritage of Kosznajders in the southern part of Pomerania, near Chojnice. In this article, he analyzes the opportunities and limitations of place branding through the study and observation of grassroots initiatives aimed at preserving the memory of Kosznajders and their heritage. One opportunity is the openness of residents to a dialogue about the history of the place, while a limitation lies in the unresolved collective traumas and suffering dating back to the times of occupation, and sometimes even the pre-war period, deeply ingrained in collective memory.

Paulina Olechowska, W salonie międzykulturowości. „Magazyn Polsko-Niemiecki DIALOG” w latach 1987–2017, Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego 2022, ss. 269

Author(s): Krzysztof Wasilewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 01/2023

Întâlniri necunoscute cu Stalin şi Dimitrov Vizita lui Chivu Stoica la Moscova, iulie – august 1945, II

Author(s): Dan Cătănuş / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3-4/2023

with Stalin, as well as a series of consequences of the Romanian Communist leader’s visit to the Soviet Union: Moscow’s lost of interest in the case of Ștefan Foriș, the former general secretary of the Romanian Communist Party during the war, the weakening of Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu’s political position, the election of Chivu Stoica to the new Political Bureau of the Romanian Communist Party, and Moscow’s direction of the decisions taken at the National Conference of the Communist Party in October 1945.

O instanță extraordinară a justiției române: Tribunalul Poporului, 1945-1947

Author(s): Alexandru-Murad Mironov / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3-4/2023

The People’s Court was an extraordinary tribunal, established by the Romania at the end of the Second World War to try war criminals, those guilty of crimes against humanity and those who had involved Romania in the world conflagration on the side of the defeated camp, causing hundreds of thousands of victims and had brought the country to the brink of destruction.It was established in 1945 and convicted some 657 persons, some of the in absentia. Despite the fact that many of those put on trial were criminals, the Government influenced by Communists used the People’s Court for political repression against their foes.

L’art, l’artiste et la presse: les armes de la propagande et de l’idéologie communiste en Roumanie. L’exposition Flacăra, 1948

Author(s): Alexandra Clara Ianc / Language(s): French Issue: 3-4/2023

After the proclamation of the Romanian People’s Republic in December 1947, a new direction in art developed. The Flacăra exhibition marks the beginning of Soviet-style socialist realism, which gradually takes hold of the Romanian art scene. The press played an essential role in the establishment of realism and exercised a particular form of control. The Communist Party realised that art and the press could be a powerful tool to convey the Marxist-Leninist ideology. The article analyses the press discourse on the works presented in Flacăra.

Cornel Chiriac (1942-1975)

Author(s): Flori Bălănescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3-4/2023

Romanian journalist, radio producer, record producer and jazz drummer, Cornel Chiriac (1942–1975) was born in Bessarabia. He graduated from the University of Bucharest's Faculty of English Language. Cornel produced for Radio România the most popular music show of the 1960s – METRONOM. After Invasion of Czechoslovakia he played a ballad which relates how five small wolves and a bigger one attacked a sheepfold. Later put on The Beatles' Back in the USSR. He was discovered by Radio Free Europe director Noel Bernard in the Traiskirchen refugee camp and continued his activity in Munich, in RFE's Romanian-language section. He re-launched Metronom and Jazz magazin, and started Jazz à la carte. On March 4, 1975, Cornel was stabbed near his car, in a Munich parking lot.

Carol Király (1930-2021)

Author(s): Ana-Maria Cătănuş / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3-4/2023

Carol Király (Király Károly) was born on 26 September 1930 in Târnăveni, Mureș County, into a Hungarian family. He attended four primary classes between 1939 and 1943, after which he worked as a construction worker in various construction sites in Luduș, Cluj region. In April 1946, Carol Király volunteered at the Salva-Vișeu construction site, and in 1949, he went to the Danube-Black Sea Canal construction site, where he also worked as a carpenter. He attended evening party courses. In October 1954, he was accepted as a member of the Communist Party, but remained a U.T.M. activist. In September 1956, he was sent to attend the Central School of the Moscow Comsomol for a year. After graduation in August 1957, he was appointed first secretary of the regional U.T.M. committee of the Hungarian Autonomous Region. His real rise began after Nicolae Ceausescu came to power. He became a member of the Council of State and afterwards member of the CC of the Communist Party of Romania and substitute member of the Executive Committee. On 1 April 1972 he sent a letter to the party leadership announcing that he was resigning as First Secretary of Covasna County and alternate member of the Executive Committee. In 1973, he was appointed president of the Union of Craft Cooperatives in Mureș County. In 1975 he ceased to be a member of the State Council. In the late 1970s and 1980s, he was an exponent of the rights of the Hungarian minority in Romania, publicly denouncing their violation through open letters to the state leadership, interviews and material published abroad. In the context of the 1989 revolution, Carol Kiraly was co-opted into the country’s new leadership. He died on 4 November 2021.

Alexandru Valahu (Volohov) (1909-1967)

Author(s): Florin Şandru / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3-4/2023

Born in Bessarabia, Alexandru Volohov changed his name to Alexandru Valahu, forging his identity papers after 23 August 1944. He worked as a clerk at the Social Insurance House in Ismail from 1930 to 1932. From 1932 to 1934 he did his military service. At the same time, he carried out intense anti-communist activity, having been recruited as an informer by the Grand Headquarters to provide information on persons suspected of communist activities. In 1934 he was employed by the Ismail police as a public guard at the Law Office. In 1935 he shot a communist who was trying to escape from the security forces. He resigned from the police in 1937. Sentenced in 1948 to 3 years in prison for fraud at the Electric Company. After his release, he took a job as a translator of documents from Russian into Romanian at the Chemical Troops Command.On 7 January 1958, he was arrested and sentenced to 20 years' hard labour for anti-labour activities. He was released in July 1964. Having links with military representatives of several factories and plants working for the Chemical Troops Command, the security decided to recruit him as an unqualified informer. He submiteed several intelligence reports with no operative importance.

Noi culegeri de documente privind încheierea Armistițiului și activitatea Comisiei Aliate de Control în Bulgaria, 1944-1947

Author(s): Lyubomir Ognyanov / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3-4/2023

This is a review of the series of books Velikite Sili i Bălgariia, 1944-1947, vol. I: Primirieto mejdu SSSR, Veljkobritaniia, SAŞ i Bălgariia (ianuari – oktomvri 1944). Dokumenti, Akademicino izdatelstvo na BAN „Prof. Marin Drinov”, Sofia, 2014, 442 p.; vol. II: Săiuznata Kontrolna Komisiia b Bălgariia (noemvri 1944 – dekemvri 1947). Dokumenti. Părva ceast, Akademicino izdatelstvo na BAN „Prof. Marin Drinov”, Sofia, 2018, 931 p.; Săiuznata Kontrolna Komisiia b Bălgariia (noemvri 1944 – dekemvri 1947). Dokumenti. Vtora ceast, Akademicino izdatelstvo na BAN „Prof. Marin Drinov”, Sofia, 2018, 931 p.

Hans Bergel și recurența întoarcerii spre România

Author(s): Flori Bălănescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3-4/2023

This is a review of the book Hans Bergel, Always looking to Romania, by Cosmin Budeancă, Preface by Florian Kührer-Wielach, Afterword by Ana Blandiana, Cultural Foundation „Memoria” Publishing House and MEGA Publishing House, Bucharest – Cluj-Napoca, 2023, 216 p.

Стефан Дечев. Стамболов след Стамболов. История, политика и памет (1895–2020)

Author(s): Vassilka Tankova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 47/2023

Акценти и предизвикателства при изследването на отношенията България – ЕИО/ЕС през втората половина на 80-те и 90-те години на ХХ век

Author(s): Irina Yakimova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The article presents an overview of key research themes and addresses challenges inherent in the study of Bulgaria’s relations with the European political and economic sphere during the late 1980s and the 1990s. Rather than providing a comprehensive examination of Bulgaria’s transition, the focus is primarily on the historiographical aspect, delving into Bulgaria’s path toward the EEC/EU. The article outlines the difficulties researchers face when working with archival sources and electronic information, emphasizing the positive impact of expanded access to declassified documents, outlining, for example, the various stages of the negotiation process between Bulgaria and the EEC/EU’s institutions before and after the landmark year of 1989. It marks the initial systematic attempt to categorize Sofia-Brussels relations from a historical perspective, representing a noteworthy contribution to the field. This is the first attempt at such a systemization of Sofia-Brussels relations from a historical perspective, which is one of the contributions of the present article.

Устройство и статут на картотеката и архива на Държавна сигурност в периода 1950–1954 година

Author(s): Rusalena Pendzhekova-Hristeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The study addresses the organizational and status-related aspects of the card file and archive of State Security during the period 1950–1954. It explores the structural and functional developments within the sections and departments directly associated with these components. The analysis encompasses internal normative documents governing the entire document life cycle, from compilation and registration to circulation, archiving for operational use, and historical archiving. The essay emphasizes the significance of this archival complex as a repository of retrospective documentary information and a foundational source for researchers.

За първия български морски офицер в новоизлязлата монография за последната Англо-бурска война, 2023

Author(s): Asen Kozhuharov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

Българско изследване за Вишеградската група

Author(s): Iskra Baeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

Jak definovat svůj původ

Author(s): Mychajlo Markanyč / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2015

Historickým faktem je, že území Podkarpatské Rusi bylo do 1945 roku součástí mnoha evropských států, tudíž Statní archiv Zakarpatské oblasti (DAZO) spravuje množství dokumentů propojených s dějinami množství zemí evropského kontinentu. Díky tomu je Státní archiv Zakarpatské oblasti nejstarším a nejbohatším archivem na Ukrajině. V depozitářích se nachází více jak 1 360 000 složek popisujících tragický osud lidu karpatského regionu a jeho boj za svoji národní existenci. Obsah dokumentů se dotýká dějin Maďarska, Česka, Slovenska, Rumunska, Polska a ostatních evropských zemí – těch, které měly vliv na historický osud a socioekonomický rozvoj Zakarpatí (Podkarpatské Rusi).