Tra filosofia e teologia: l’aspetto “negativo” del concetto di persona alla luce della definizione di calcedonia e alcune sue ricadute antropologiche | Between philosophy and theology: the “negative” approach to the concept of person in the light of

Author(s): Giacomo Calore / Language(s): Italian Issue: 29/2022

The Gaudium et spes constitution teaches where the answer to all the questions about man is to be sought: in the Incarnate Word, in Jesus Christ, “the new Adam” (No. 22). The Constitution relates here to the councils which explored the mystery of Christ, including the Council of Chalcedon (451), thus indicating anthropological meaning of its definition of faith. This article, based on analyses of Alois Grillmeier and Adrian Măgdici, discusses modern philosophical issues in the definition of person and, as a solution, proposes its Christological distinction from the concept of nature introduced by the Chalcedon (person is not nature: two-level ontology) to draw from its “negative” approach certain anthropological conclusions, important for our modern Western civilization called “anthropocentric” precisely because it incorporated person and its key status from Christianity.

Klasztory bazylianów prawobrzeżnej Ukrainy i ich udział w Powstaniu Listopadowym 1830 roku

Author(s): Viktoria Bilyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 29/2022

The article, based on archival materials, shows the network of Basilian monasteries of the Greco-Uniate Church on the Right Bank of Ukraine after the region became part of the Russian Empire. The main legislative acts adopted by the Russian authorities in order to regulate the activities of these monasteries are considered. It was found that the authorities aimed to abolish the Basilian monastic order, gradually closing its monasteries. The participation of the Basilians in the Polish November Uprising of 1830 is also reflected. It is emphasized that this uprising became a catalyst for the liquidation of the Basilian monasteries. After the suppression of the uprising, in 1832 the Basilian Order was officially abolished. During 1831–1834, 15 of the 25 Basilian monasteries on the Right Bank of Ukraine were closed, and by the end of the 1830s, none remained in the region.

Historia pewnego obrazu: M. Bersanelli, Wielki spektakl na niebie. Osiem wizji wszechświata od starożytności do naszych czasów, tłum. A. Liszka-Drążkiewicz, Copernicus Center Press, wydanie 1, Kraków 2020, ss. 317

Author(s): Milena Cygan / Language(s): Polish Issue: 29/2022

ASPECTE ALE SPIRITUALITĂŢII RUŞILOR LIPOVENI DIN MILA 23. VECHEA ŞI ACTUALA BISERICĂ A COMUNITĂŢII STAROVERE

Author(s): Adrian STOIA / Language(s): Romanian Issue: IV seria 3/2022

Following the research carried out in Mila 23, we found out about the existence of a church prior to the one built in 1983, on the “platform” of the village.Images of this church have been preserved in the documentary "People and Places" by director Ion Bostan, filmed in 1971. The purpose of building another church was to protect the monument and its liturgical objects from the frequent floods that affected the town. In 1983, the new church from Mila 23 was built, dedicated to St. John Chrysostom. Analyzing the architecture of the two churches, the former being dismantled about four decades ago, we realize that their architecture was similar. The location of the former place of worship has been identified, where presently a cement building probably housing the altar stone can be found.

Zgromadzenie Sióstr św. Katarzyny i jego Reguła

Author(s): Łucja Irena Jaworska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 22/2021

The Congregation of the Sisters of St Catherine the Virgin and Martyr (Sisters of St Catherine) dates back to the second half of the 16th century. It was founded in 1571 in Braniewo (ger. Braunsberg), in Warmia (ger. Ermland), as a result of changes taking place in the Church after the Council of Trent. Its founder was Blessed Regina Protmann (†1613), who combined contemplation with apostolic activity in the newly established community of sisters. The first Rule of the congregation was drafted with the support of the Jesuits, who had been active in Braniewo since 1565, with the approval of the then Warmian bishops (Marcin Kromer, Piotr Tylicki). In the following centuries, and especially in the 20th century, these principles of community life were modified, mainly due to the thought of the Second Vatican Council.

Bazylianie wśród studentów braniewskich w XVII – XVIII wieku

Author(s): Pavlo Bardovskyi / Language(s): Polish Issue: 22/2021

Braniewo was called the “Athens of the North’’, it was one of the few places in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth where students could get an excellent education. Monks of the Greek-Catholic Basilian Order began to study in Braniewo from the beginning of the 17th century. That was a part of the implementation of spreading Catholicism to the northand east. Basilians were mainly engaged in missionary and educational activities among the Ruthenians, but also among the Poles and Lithuanians. Within the students of the Papal Alumnate in Braniewo, which existed in the years 1578 – 1798, Basilians constituted a considerable amount of all students – over 10%. Apart from the fact that they were present in this educational institution, not much is known about their fate. The aim of the article is to discuss the issues of the origin and studies of Basilian students in Braniewo and examine their further fate among the Greek Catholic clergy

„Hagiologiczny Kerygmat”. Teologiczna „lektura” bazyliki San Stefano Rotondo w Rzymie

Author(s): Katarzyna Parzych-Blakiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 22/2021

The article presents the theological interpretation of the sacred space of San Stefano Rotondo in Rome. It is the result of research in the area of saints and holiness – that is, hagiology. The aim of the research undertaken is to define the temple as locus theologicus. San Stefan is a rotunda. In the middle there is a presbytery illuminated by natural light. Around it is a nave with 34 frescoes depicting scenes of the martyrdom of saints from the first centuries of Christianity. The theological interpretation concerns the whole interior, including its artistic furnishings and architecture. It was done in the perspective of papal teaching onholiness as a daily experience of closeness to God and taking into account the assumptions of aspectual hagiology. She has led to conclusions that include a proposal to use a new term– „hagiological kerygma” for use in further hagiological research aimed at „theology for innovation.”

Poglądy Stefana kardynała Wyszyńskiego na rolę muzyki w Kościele

Author(s): Sławomir Ropiak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 22/2021

Stefan Card. Wyszyński, Primate of Poland, expressed his views on music during his speeches and sermons, especially to organists and church choirs. It follows from them that the basic source of music in the Church is the contemplative celebration of the Mystery of Faith. Music is to be performed first of all for the glory of God and secondly for the benefit of people. Cardinal Wyszyński considered as music worthy of the Lord’s temple only that musicwhich is directed to the adoration of the Creator’s majesty and arises from the contemplation of the Incarnate Word of God. Chorale, church singing as well as organ music have a therapeutic meaning, as they calm shattered emotions and help to focus scattered thoughts. Music with true artistic qualities soothes pain and suffering, gives solace, awakens hope and joy.The creators and performers of music should shape their Marian spirituality so that they can fulfil their honoured vocation well. The service in the celebration of the Holy Sacrifice demands from church musicians an exemplary life, a good knowledge of the liturgy and a high artistic level. According to Cardinal Wyszyński, the need to cultivate folk singing, which is an expression of piety and patriotism, is still valid. It is also connected with the development of new musical forms growing out of Christian culture.

Zwyczaje związane z kalendarzowym wspomnieniem św. Sylwestra. Zarys problematyki

Author(s): Marta Kowalczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 22/2021

Before 1000, the New Year’s Eve parties were not popular. The first official New Year’s Eve took place in 999, yet people were afraid that the prophecy about the end of the world in 1000 would be fulfilled. In XIX century in Poland New Year’s fun and balls were rare and celebrated mostly by rich bourgeois. The very New Year’s Eve in Poland resembled a compilation of the Christmas Eve and St Andrew’s Eve party, where the priority was to learn the future which was supposed to come in the early months of the New Year.According to Polish tradition, the New Year’s day was strictly related to celebration of Christmas. This is proved by both meteorological and matrimonial prophecies, folk customs and games, as well as activities and prayers which were supposed to guarantee auspiciousness, health, good weather and harvest in the upcoming year.

Schul- und Gemeindekatechese in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Ein Űberblick

Author(s): Krzysztof Myjak / Language(s): German Issue: 22/2021

The article deals with the topic of the school and parish catechesis in the Federal Republic of Germany. The author presents the legal basis of the catechesis, in the Church and in the State. The catechetic teaching is defined in the Code of Canon Law. Information on this can be found in the second chapter of the title “The Ministry of the Divine Word” in this code. After a brief outline of the legal basis the author proceeds to presenting the history ofreligious education in Germany. Its origins lie in the 16th century at the time of Reformation and Counter-Reformation.In a further part of the article the author describes the current catechetic teaching in Germany. Since the 1960s we can observe a development from catechesis to religious studies in the religious education at school. Instead of forming and educating pupils religiously, knowledge of religions is imparted at school. It is taught that there are many equally valid systems of values. The truths of faith and the sacraments are omitted during lessons. Above all, it can be observed that the German society is misinformed about the sacrament of penance. Besides, the passion of Christ, its meaning for a Christian and the role of the Holy Virgin Mary are not among the topics in school. On the other hand, parish catechesis is not very popular. The reason for this is probably the disappointment of the young people aboutthe institutional character of the Church. In addition, there is a high percentage of atheists (especially in the former East Germany). Therefore, the author claims that there is a need ofa renewed evangelisation instead of catechesis in Germany, in order that people believe in Jesus and the Mother of God again.

„Odlatujmy razem w wiry niebieskie”: miłość małżeńska w ujęciu Cypriana Norwida

Author(s): Dariusz Kulecki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 22/2021

The submitted article brings closer the theme of marital love as seen by Cyprian Norwid (1821 – 1883), which occupied a significant part of the author’s poetic horizon. He greatly appreciated the feeling between a man and a woman, seeing in it beauty and a divine spark. At the same time, he pointed out the rather common frivolous treatment of love, the immaturity of individuals and the materialistic approach to relationships, which seriously hinder, andsometimes even prevent, the formation of a mature marriage. Only the rejection of all conventions connected with this human covenant and solid preparation to enter a new stage oflife, is a chance to build a bond that will not stand the test of time and circumstances. Norwid linked marital love closely to the sacrament. In his conviction, God Himself enters betweenthe spouses and becomes the third person in this love dialogue of life. The sacrament also sets the husband and wife a goal to aim at. The writer completely disapproved of the practice of divorce, although he was aware of the difficulties connected with the common life of spouses. He believed that every crisis can be overcome and contribute to building a full marital happiness. Norwid’s particularly valuable – because pioneering – observations concern the mutual sanctification of the spouses and their building of a communion of persons.

Refleksja na kanwie badań ks. Stefana Ewertowskiego nad nauczaniem Jana Pawła II. Przyczynek do dyskusji o stanie i perspektywach studiów wojtyłologicznych

Author(s): Arkadiusz Modrzejewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 22/2021

Rev. Stefan Ewertowski, the professor emeritus of theology is one of the most original researchers of the thoughts of John Paul II. He is characterized by an interdisciplinary approach, linking philosophical, theological, cultural, historical and political aspects. His works focus mainly on vision of Europe of Karol Wojtyła – John Paul II. Thanks to the interdisciplinary approach, Wojtyła’s image of Europe appears as a universal project in which the Christian axiology and the vision of man is centre.

O przemienieniu naturalnym i nadnaturalnym ludzkiego ciała w antropologii Hansa-Eduarda Hengstenberga

Author(s): Józef Kożuchowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 22/2021

The article presents the problem of the natural and supernatural transformation of the human body according to Hans-Eduard Hengstenberg. This problem was considered in the following aspects: what is this transformation and what is it, what is its basis and sources, to what extent it is possible and how it is realized. The specificity of the supernatural transformation of the body is emphasized, resulting from its qualitative difference and superiority in relation to the natural transformation and from its further existence after death in the body as a manifestation of the spirit. Some analogies between the natural and supernatural transformation of the body are presented. The subject matter presented (especially the supernatural transformation) touches upon the field of theology, but Hengstenberg analyzed it philosophically, using the phenomenological-metaphysical method. At the end, specific areas of further research on the issue of corporeality in the works of this outstanding thinker are outlined.

Konflikty o kościoły pomiędzy katolikami a protestantami w Prusach Królewskich i Książęcych w I połowie XVII wieku

Author(s): Piotr Birecki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 21/2020

This article presents the history of Catholic and Lutheran churches during Swedish wars in the south part of Baltic sea the 17th Century. The Swedish rulers Gustav II Adolf and Carl X Gustav when they were fighting with Polish Republic during the first and second Swedish-Polish wars (commonly called the war at the mouth of the Vistula river and Swedish deluge) led to the strengthening of the religious conflict between Protestants and Catholics. The result in the Royal Prussia was, depending on the support of the authorities’ power, not only destruction or the mutual receipt of church buildings but also numerous robberies and exports of church cultural goods and liturgical equipment to Scandinavia. In this article the author discusses the fate of the individual buildings, their pastors and gives examples of church war losses. In the second part of the article the author presents the war expedition of the Polish-Lithuanian-Tatar troops to Ducal Prussia to break the alliance of Frederic William, Elector of Brandenburg with Charles X Gustav of Sveden. The soldiers destroyed dozens of Lutheran churches, burned down many cities and towns, and contributed to the death of thousands of people. Finally, the author mentioned grave monuments commemorating soldiers taking part in the both wars. The result of those events in the mid-17th century was the final imbalance of confessional balance and the growing, increasingly hostile attitude toward Polish Protestantim.

Brytyjskie grupy wyznaniowe w Gdańsku w XVII – XVIII (XIX) wieku

Author(s): Sławomir Kościelak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 21/2020

The article presents religious aspects of the functioning of the emigrant community from the British Isles in Gdańsk, especially the Scots. They strove for their religious needs from the Middle Ages, as evidenced by the existence of chapels and altars in some of Gdansk’s churches. After the success of the Reformation, mainly Scottish Presbyterians settled in Gdańsk. Clergy from their home country were brought to their service. Both Presbyterian clergy and the wealthy Scottish merchant elite (also Presbyterian) dominated the religious object obtained in 1707, the so-called English Church. However, only some of the Presbyterians living in Gdańsk identified with this object, which in accordance with legal arrangements was having the character of an „ethnic” temple simultaneous with Anglicans. Most Scots slowly merged into the community of Gdańsk by creating family relationships was usingother Calvinist objects. In addition to Presbyterians and few Anglicans and Catholics also English radicals like Chiliasts and Quakers tried to settle in Gdańsk but unfavourable citylegislation and preventive actions effectively prevented this transfer.

Die Aufhebung der Priesterseminare in der Slowakei im Jahre 1950

Author(s): Cyril Hišem / Language(s): German Issue: 21/2020

The liquidation of freedom was the main program of totalitarian power. The Church prevented her from realizing her plans. There is a gradual liquidation of church structures. Government Decree no. 112/1950 Coll. on the theological faculties of July 14, 1950, all Roman Catholic theological studies were concentrated in Slovakia in Bratislava at the Roman Catholic Cyril and Methodius Faculty of Theology. However, the Faculty of Theology was controlled by the state. All other priestly seminaries were abolished (they were no longer religious) at that time) – Roman Catholic in Nitra, Banská Bystrica, Spišská Kapitula, Košice and Greek Catholic in Prešov. Introducers and professors were interned. Only some theologians could finish their studies. Seized seminar property was dismantled, destroyed and destined for new state purposes.

"Communiones" mszalne dawniej i dziś

Author(s): Piotr Towarek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 21/2020

This article presents an outline of the history of shaping communio chants (one of the Proprium Missae chants for Communion): from Christian antiquity (Cyril of Jerusalem, John Chrysostom, Apostolic Constitutions), through the Middle Ages (Ordo Romanus Primus), the post-Tridentine period (Communiones totius anni by Mikołaj Zieleński), to the reform of the Second Vatican Council, to which we owe the collection of antiphonae ad communionem (Graduale romanum, Graduale Simplex, Missale romanum, Ordo Cantus Missae) in liturgical books, and indirectly also contemporary chants and songs intended for the communionprocession.

Dzwony kościoła pw. św. Mikołaja w Elblągu

Author(s): Bartosz Skop / Language(s): Polish Issue: 21/2020

Bells perform a very important function in the liturgical life of the Church and the urban community. They are used during great church ceremonies and funerals. In the past, they were supposed to mystically ward off misery, e.g. storms, and help measure time. Parish church of st. Nicholas, the current cathedral of the Elbląg diocese, as the largest and richest Elbląg’s temple has a rich history of bells. The first instruments of this kind existed there inthe middle of XIV century. All were destroyed by fire on April 26th, 1777. A small spirelet from the end of the 18th century did not responsive to the needs and rank of the church. When the new 97-meter tower was built in 1907, the famous company Schilling from Apolda hung 6 bells, which were confiscated in 1917. New ones, with a total weight of 10 tons, appeared in 1928. These bells were also taken by war. The current 3 steel bells come from the dismantled church of St. Anne.

Éducation et écologie intégrale. Le rôle de la famille, de la spiritualité et de l’université

Author(s): Martín Carbajo-Núñez / Language(s): French Issue: 21/2020

This article asserts the need for education in order to move towards integral ecology and studies the role that the family, the spirituality and the university can play in this formative task. The family has the primary right to educate and it is indeed the most important school. The spirituality «can motivate us to a more passionate concern for the protection of our world». The university must also play an important role, harmoniously integrating learning and social service, rather than reducing itself to a merely instrumental and transmitting function. Thus, a new relational paradigm will be possible, one that fosters family relationshipsand a holistic vision of reality. This urgent need has also been highlighted by the current Covid-19 pandemic.