Книги 2019–2020
Selected bibliography in the field of Bulgarian Studies published in the current year
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Selected bibliography in the field of Bulgarian Studies published in the current year
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This paper represents a continuation of the previous publication “The Musical Instruments in the Early Vernacular Translations of the Psalms. Collective Research” (Museikon, 3, 2019, p. 67-140), henceforth abbreviated as Musical Instruments… 2019. The study will be continued in the next issue of Museikon (5, 2021), covering more languages and furthering the discussions.
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Selected bibliography in the field of Bulgarian Studies published in the current year
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The review of the constitution emanates from the constitution, from the institute of constitutional review of which the latter is closely related to the dynamic processes in society as well as with the demand for sustainable stability, stability which very well it may be economic, political or social, national or international, the stability that affects even the constitutional order itself in a state. In this article, we will address the constitutional changes, the amendments over the years In Turkey and Russia which are 'proof' of the violation of the constitutional order, 'proof' of the impinging of democracy and stability in the country. Through this article, we will see that the constitutional system, rule of law, democracy or its consolidation, the stability in the country to a large extent are influenced by the way it is conducted the constitutional review process. The application or non-application of this instrument has multi-dimensional effects, negative, destabilizing ones.
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Selected bibliography in the field of Bulgarian Studies published in the current year.
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Over the last decades, the Strandzha region suffers a serious demographic crisis and the outflow of population results in significant change in the local culture. The empirical data of the current research is based on fieldwork in villages of Fakia (Central Strandzha, Sredets Municipality). The aim is to give a picture of the current condition of the folklore and religious culture through symbolic and specific phenomena. Enyova bulya custom is widely spread in Strandzha region and is conceived as an accent in the Enyovden (Yanovden) celebrations that take place on the 24th of June and is one of the main summer feast days until the ’60s of the 20th century. Enyova bulya is associated with fertility, maiden's transition and the well-being of the settlement community. Today, the custom is disconnected from the context of the festive life of the researched community as far as the world view of the main actors has been changed. Main doers are elderly women, the time of the celebrations is not exactly fixed thus the sacredness of the actions is automatically degenerated. A conclusion can be made that the custom nowadays has the characteristics of a tourist attraction in some aspects. Keeping the celebrations is perceived as a need to declare local identity and local diversity. The transformations in the religious culture of the researched community can be analysed in a similar direction. St. Modest cult (celebrated on December 18) is seen as “typical only for Strandzha region”. In the past, the cult is related to the local livelihood – livestock-raising and agriculture. For example, in Fakia village is believed that the woman that gives out ritual bread first will be the first to finish harvesting. Today, as a result of drastic changes in livelihood, the cult exists as a characteristic of local religious culture – grounds for the local dimensions of cultural identity. Anyway, ritual practices serve the local identity. Searching a motivation in tradition keeps alive a local peasant community in process of dramatic demographic and social crises in Strandzha region.
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The article presents religious practices and politics of memory, related to the cult of the “new martyrs” (“martyrs of totalitarianism”) in the Catholic Church in Bulgaria after 1989. The paper is based on terminological apparatus and methodology in the field of anthropology of memory and anthropology of religion, and describes the procedures of beatification of Blessed Eugene Bossilkov (beat. 1998) and bishops Fr. Kamen Vichev, Fr. Pavel Dzhidzov, Fr. Iosafat Shishkov (beat. 2002), Fr. Fortunat Bakalski, Fr. Rafael Peev, and others. The objective of this study is to elucidate major moments related to the institutionalisation of the cult, the processes of construction of sacredness, the creation of new religious practices, the commemoration practices, and the places of memory. The study explores the elements of the veneration of the “new martyrs” in Bulgaria, the connection between cult and history, and the issues of memory and the policies of memory as a form of heritage. The observations and the examples are obtained through field research and interviews conducted in several settlements in the Diocese of Sofia and Plovdiv and the Diocese of Nicopolis (primarily the towns of Plovdiv, Rakovski, Ruse, and Belene, the village of Oresh, and the city of Sofia). Relics, testimonies of martyrdom, stories of miracles, hagiographical and iconographical innovations, commemorational festivities, places of memory, related to the “new martyrs” – all of these are analysed through the prism of processes of invention of cultural-historical heritage, renovation of confessional identities, and creation of reworking models of traumatic memory in the period of socialism. The article looks for answers to the following questions: What is the character of the totalitarian martyrology in Bulgaria? How are the confessional consciousness of the Catholic communities and the character of their religious culture being transformed through the religious cults of the “new martyrs”?
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In his book “The Myth of the Birth of the Hero” (1909), the psychoanalyst Otto Rank identified in various cultures numerous versions of the same narrative which was very close in content to the Oedipus myth. The structure of this repetitive plot is the following: a son of a king, sentenced to death by his father, survives miraculously and grows up far away from his family; when grown-up, he returns to his hometown, murders his father and inherits the throne. The paper argues that this plot has come into being as a narrative aimed at legitimizing the right of existence of a newly formed community by presenting its leader as the legitimate successor of the ruler of the group from which the new community has separated. After its dramaturgical rendition by the ancient Greek tragedians, the Oedipus plot has acquired a new meaning – it started functioning as a story of the great sinner.
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The text is dedicated to two movies based on Alberto Moravia’s book “Ciociara”. The author examines some folklore motifs through which the role of the woman is presented. The analysis also includes the dream of a wedding, which transforms the understanding of time-space relationship. Outlining authentic folklore motifs in the film narrative is in the centre of the study, together with the original presentation of the person having the wedding dream, which forms the visual core of the film. Central point in the text is the relation between reality and the way it is experienced by the dreamer.
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En 1629, une ambassade dirigée par l’archimandrite Varlaam est arrivée à la cour du tsar Mikhaïl Féodorovitch Romanov, demandant la permission de passer une commande aux peintres moscovites, afin depeindre deux icônes pour le prince Miron Barnovschi. Les sources documentaires nous renseignent sur la dédicacedes icônes et sur le fait qu’elles appartenaient à la typologie des icônes hagiographiques, avec des portraitsde saints au milieu et des scènes narratives de leur vie sur les bords. Bien qu’achevées et payées intégralementpar le prince moldave, les icônes ne sont jamais parvenues à leur commanditaire. Le patriarche Philarète Nikititchles a retenues à Moscou sous prétexte qu’elles étaient ‘inconvenablement’ peintes. Sept ans plus tard,alors que Varlaam occupait le poste de métropolite de Moldavie, le prince Vasile Lupu envoya une autre ambassadeà la cour de Moscou, pour tenter de les récupérer. Le tsar organisa une enquête, les peintres furent interrogéssur les modèles suivis, mais le résultat resta le même : les icônes avaient été peintes de manière noncanonique et ne pouvaient pas être remises aux messagers moldaves. L’enquête sur cet intéressant ‘échec’ diplomatique fait l’objet de la présente étude. En suivant André Grabar, qui soulevait pour la première fois laquestion du prétendu manque de canonicité de ces icônes, l’article reprend toute la question des causes possiblesdu refus inhabituel des autorités moscovites de les remettre à leurs commanditaires. En corroborant lesinformations documentaires avec l’analyse des sources visuelles disponibles, dans le contexte plus large de lacommande des icônes et de l’évolution du culte de saint Jean le Nouveau à l’époque, l’étude suggère qu’uneraison possible de ce rejet pourrait être la représentation du martyr de Suceava – et ce, non pas parce qu’ils’agissait d’un saint inconnu en Russie à l’époque (cf. A. Grabar); mais surtout à cause de l’utilisation d’uncertain modèle iconographique employé dans l’entourage du métropolitain Anastasie Crimca. Ce modèle étaitsans doute susceptible d’avoir déplu au patriarche Philarète Nikititch. Varlaam connaissait bien ce type dereprésentation et avait probablement donné des instructions précises aux peintres moscovites, qui les ont sansdoute suivies à la lettre. En effet, à la suite de cet épisode, Varlaam enverra également au tsar une hagiographie etune icône de saint Jean le Nouveau, qui semblent avoir dynamisé le culte et les représentations iconographiquesdédiées au martyr de Suceava en Russie à la même époque.
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L’étude collective de cette inscription s’inscrit dans lecadre du projet erc Starting Grant graph-east (2021-2026), financé par le programme de recherche et d’innovationHorizon 2020 de l’Union européenne dans le cadrede la convention de subvention n° 948390. Son but est d’étudier les inscriptions et graffitis en alphabet latin de la Méditerranée orientale, de la Grèce à l’Égypte en passantpar la Turquie, la côte syro-palestinienne et Chypre, du VII au XVI siècle.
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L’article présente l’histoire des fouilles archéologiques polonaises à Faras, au Soudan, dans le contexte des changements politiques de la seconde moitié du xxe siècle, à partir des découvertes qui ont eu lieu avant quele professeur Kazimierz Michałowski ne commence les fouilles archéologiques en 1961. Les recherches des archéologues américains (1907-1910), allemands (1907-1908) et britanniques (1911) sont discutées par la suite, demême qu’une documentation iconographique, suivie par les différentes étapes des découvertes de la cathédralede Faras et des peintures murales au cours de quatre campagnes archéologiques polonaises, achevées en 1964, enrelation avec l’activité de Kazimierz Michałowski. La suite concerne l’histoire et la manière dont le professeur Michałowski a annoncé ses découvertes au Soudan, ainsi que les expositions individuelles, voire temporaires, dans les pays européens, surtout au Musée national de Varsovie, et une exposition permanente préparée dans lacapitale de la Pologne en 1972. L’article étudie aussi la manière dont le régime communiste a influencé la présentation des découvertes et comment les Polonais ont souhaité présenter l’art chrétien pendant la répression du Catholicisme dans leur pays, à une époque dominée par la censure de toutes les expositions et publications scientifiques. En conclusion, cette recherche évalue les résultats de l’étude scientifique des monuments fouillés lors des campagnes archéologiques, et propose la vérification (à l’avenir) de la datation des pièces polychromes, de mêmequ’une discussion de l’ensemble du programme iconographique de l’intérieur de la cathédrale de Faras.
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The article studies the role of the musician in Alevi-Bektashi culture in the region of Kardzhali, Southern Bulgaria. The musician in that culture performs simultaneously religious, social and artistic roles. He is a figure whose qualities allow the researcher to associate him with the cultural type of the epic musician. His non-professional but specialized activity is presented from an insider’s viewpoint detailing the specific characteristics of that activity, the approaches applied in the process of training in it, through the qualitative evaluation of the musicians and the differences in their performance manners. The author presents the biographical trajectory and the performance style of a contemporary young Bektashi musician from the region in order to depict his portrait. The interaction between his outstanding talent and his strong religious devotion define his complex development as a musician and a member of the Heterodox Muslim community.
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Selected bibliography in the field of Bulgarian Studies published in the current year.
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Selected bibliography in the field of Bulgarian Studies published in the current year
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Data about scientific events in the field of the humanities in Bulgaria in 2015Content of the main Bulgarian scientific journals for the current year in linguistics, literature, history, folklore, ethnography, archaeology and art studies.
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