Kanoniczny i apokryficzny obraz Piłata (na materiale staropolskich narracji biblijno-apokryficznych)

Author(s): Ewa Woźniak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of the article is to confront the canonical and apocryphal image of Pilate present in Old Polish monuments. The material basis is constituted by biblical-apocryphal narratives from the period up to about the mid-16th century (Sprawa chędoga o męce Pana Chrystusowej, Rozmyślania dominikańskie, Rozmyślanie przemyskie, Żywot Pana Jezu Krysta, Ewangelia Nikodema) and the closest translations of the Bible (Leopolita’s from 1561 and J. J. Wujek’s from 1599). In the reconstruction of the image of the figure, the concept of the semantic role of the predicate argument was used, comparing the figure of Pilate as an experiencer, performer of the will and subject of knowledge and subject of mental activities in the studied sources. The list shows that the canonical approach to Pilate as a speaking person is dominant, while the authors of apocryphal narratives talk more and more about the intentions of the Roman governor, explain what Pilate wants to achieve by taking specific actions, and what values guide him. The conducted analysis leads to the conclusion that the extensive emotional and volitional characteristics of Pilate in the biblical-apocryphal narratives serve an acquitting interpretation of his deeds, the sources of which, however, lie clearly in the canonical message.

Reformacja, kontrreformacja i barok w literaturach Europy Zachodniej i Wschodniej

Author(s): Ivo Pospíšil / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The author of the present study deals with the whole complex of religious, cultural and artistic phenomenon linked with the rise of the European Reformation with special regard to the situation of Central and Eastern Europe and in the Slavonic literary world. He attempts to demonstrate that there are some pre-reformation streams which came into existence in the period of the Hussite wars and had a much-differentiated shape and structure. The roots of the Reformation process in its initial and ideological substance are interesting as typical phenomena of Central European social and religious thought inspired by various currents, often of Eastern origin, connected with buddhism, manicheism and zoroastrianism.

Myśl reformacji – wstęp do oświecenia

Author(s): Tadeusz Krzysztof Sznajderski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The author analyses main the main achievements of Max Weber (1864 - 1920), one of the founders of sociology. Weber studied the influence of Protestant ethical attitudes on the growth of capitalism. He stated that Protestantism gave rational principles and enabled such a rapid development of this form of economy in Western Europe. The foundation of the capitalist stance were: the principle of treating work as a theological obligation, the principle of intense work for the glory of God (and not for profit), the principle of asceticism that limits the use of profit solely for further economic development (investment, not luxury), the principle of rational conduct in daily life, the principle of using time to carry out duties. The basis of specific life attitudes of Protestant capitalists was rationalism, namely the use of reason to achieve maximum economic benefits. The ideas of the Reformation introduced and became the framework of the Enlightenment.

Reformacja, której nie było. Przypadek bułgarski (pojęcia – wpływy – idee)

Author(s): Ewelina Drzewiecka / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article deals with the impact and reception of reformational ideas in Bulgarian culture in the perspective of modernization problems. The subject of the analysis is both the local understanding of the concepts “Reformation” and “Protestant propaganda” as well as the activity of (neo)protestant missions in the Bulgarian lands in the 19th and 20th centuries. The aim is to identify the links between Bulgarian modernity and Protestant thought and to problematize relations between cultural facts and the official discourse on the subject. The “Bulgarian case” illustrates the modern Orthodox-Protestant meeting and, in this sense, the problem of adaptation of “foreign” patterns in the process of the modernization of culture.

Odnowa chrześcijaństwa w perspektywie (para)doksu chwili-wieczności

Author(s): Maria Urbańska-Bożek / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In this article, I aim to outline the path of Christianity’s rebirth through the spiritual renewal of the Individual, that is, a subjectively existing human being. The Danish theologian, using the paradox as an expression of some situations that reveal the existential character of human life and a tool of expression, introduces a new language and a new possibility of communicating inherently inexpressible content. From the dialectical tension and resistance which the paradox arouses through the clash of contradictions, and from the depths of its antinomity, a creative movement of thought arises. This procedure made it possible for Kierkegaard to extract a living Christian thought that freed the sacrum from the dogmatic religious tradition closed in dead rites.

Między ewangelicką etyką indywidualną a społeczną. O nowej biografii Jerzego Pilcha

Author(s): Sławomir Jacek Żurek / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

This article shows an influence of Martin Luther’s understanding of ethics on the ideas concerning these matters presented by Jerzy Pilch — a contemporary Polish writer. Ethical questions and the reflections connected with them are one of the main subjects of his considerations in Dzienniki (Diaries) (2012, 2014). In his approach towards ethical problems you can see on the one hand an individual attitude, which was called by Luther “freedom from” or practical life for God, and on the other hand — a sociable attitude or “freedom to” displayed in a disposition of living for others. Everything that is concerned with morality in Pilch’s diaries, their author comments carrying out a dialogue with Lutheran tradition and provoking its adherents of Lutheranism. These, mainly ironical statements, should nonetheless be treated as the testimony of his inner struggle with the Protestant tradition and the resulting vision of the world. Katarzyna Kubisiowska, in her monograph dedicated to Pilch, puts the reader gently to this track. However, to arrive at the core of envoi of the author of Diaries, it is necessary to employ the work of a scholar, who would be able to combine three skills in his research: literary, theological and ethical.

Apokalipsa i wojna secesyjna w poezji religijnych pieśni niewolniczych

Author(s): Małgorzata Ziółek-Sowińska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Due to the horrors and evils of slavery blacks firmly believed in God’s promise of retribution against the wickedness and cruelty of those slaveholders who brutalized them. The Apocalypse exerted a powerful influence on slaves and was viewed as the Bible’s main argument that God denounced slavery and would come in a catastrophic event to judge those who mistreated blacks. The language of cosmic struggle between good and evil was vividly embraced by the poets of slave spirituals and themes of the end of time pervaded the texts of many songs. Slave spirituals reflect Apocalyptic thinking among blacks who viewed themselves as brave soldiers fighting on the side of Christ in the coming war of Armageddon. The paper explores how blacks perceived themselves as valiant soldiers fighting in the army of the Lord of the Apocalypse. We will see that slaves alluded to the belief in the inevitability of the military struggle over slavery and thus anticipated the Civil War.

Działalność społeczna, oświatowa i kulturalna Parafii Ewangelicko-Reformowanej w Łodzi do 1939 roku

Author(s): Beata Szczepańska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The social, educational and cultural activity of Łódź Evangelical Reformed Parish was described. Object analysis is covering the period 1888–1939. This congregation led diverse forms of the social activity (the care, the subsidiarity and the support) which were addressed not only to members of this religious community. The forms of the cultural work, taken in this Protestant congregation were: choirs, library, trips, readings, concerts, games. Organising the elementary school (1906–1919), was aspect of educational activity of this congregation. Mainly archive sources were used, largely documentation of the evangelical reformed parish in Łódź and the periodical press.

Hagiographie et pandémie : analyse de la vie de Saint Roc

Author(s): María Ángeles Llorca Tonda / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

The Black Death that ravaged Europe in the second half of the 14th century inspired much Middle Ages to think about explaining the trigger for the disease, but all accounts coincide on an underlying rationale: the divine anger falling on Men. The field of art echoes the trauma caused by the pandemic to populations and the fear that leads to extreme behaviour (flagellants, dance of death, expiatory processions, etc.). Literature does not fail to stage the plague either, as evidenced by the Decameron, which in its first pages describes the plague which is reaching the West through Italy. The hagiography, in turn, and specifically the genre of the Lives of Saints, becomes a significant source of information on the description and repercussions of the disease in Europe. Thus, in this contribution we propose to analyse “La Vie et légende de monseigneur saint Roch”, a French incunable of Jehan Phelipot published in 1494, which went through three editions, in order to see how in the hagiographic text Roch’s ascent to holiness revolves around the theme of the plague disease and how the text becomes a source of information on the pandemic and its consequences.

L’art de vivre ensemble. Le quotidien des chrétiens et musulmans au temps de la guerre civile algérienne dans les écrits de Christian de Chergé

Author(s): Jędrzej Pawlicki / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Collected in the volume “L’Invincible espérance”, Christian de Chergé’s writings address the theme of mercy in the Christian Bible and in the Koran. De Chergé described also the practices of Christian life in a Muslim country. Hence my reflection followed in two stages: first, I propose to see the theological concepts of the author, anchored in the study of biblical and Koranic texts, in the spirit of religious pluralism, and then, to analyze the modes of living together of Christians among Muslims at the time of rupture. In this second part, I am inspired by the rule of Saint Benedict and the work of Michel de Certeau who perceives daily practices as an act of resistance.

Wstęp

Author(s): Grażyna Habrajska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

List prof. dr. hab. Antoniego Różalskiego, rektora Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego 2016–2020

Author(s): Antoni Różalski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Przebieg prac nad Biblią Ekumeniczną

Author(s): Jadwiga Zalisz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The study presents the course of work on the Ecumenical Bible and the basic assumptions for the translation of the work. The beginning of ecumenical (or interfaith) translation initiatives is the Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation of the Second Vatican Council, called Dei Verbum, of November 18, 1965. Thanks to this document, in 1968 the Guiding Principles of Interfaith Collaboration in Bible Translation were created, which are a joint document of the Secretariat for Christian Unity and the United Bible Societies. In 1987, the Guidelines for Interfaith Collaboration in Translating the Bible were published. They very precisely define which texts of the Old Testament in Hebrew and the New Testament in Greek should be used, and they also provide information on how to resolve the differences in the canon of books between the editions of Catholic and Protestant translations. Based on the aforementioned documents and the experience of the team of translators, a model of work on ecumenical translation was created. The preparation of the Ecumenical Bible took over twenty years, and a group of 70 people collaborated on its creation. The joint work resulted in the publication of the text in 2017.

Współpraca ekumeniczna w promocji Biblii na przykładzie regionu górnośląsko-zagłębiowskiego

Author(s): Adam Palion / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In the article, the author showed some activities related to the Bible in the Upper Silesian-Zagłębie region. They can become an inspiration for other Christian environments. He began his deliberations by referring to the documents of the Roman Catholic Church on ecumenism and referring to the Bible as a tool of unity. Then he presents the problem in three areas: oecumenismus spiritualis, oecumenismus scientialis, and oecumenismus practicalis. Finally, he presented an attempt at reception and indicated the prospects for ecumenical activities related to the Bible.

„Walka o wyobraźnię”. O ekumenicznych konsekwencjach pewnego aspektu interpretacji Biblii

Author(s): Bernard Sawicki / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

This article addresses the role of imagination in the reception and interpretation of the Bible. It draws on two traditions of reading and understanding the Bible – the monastic one from the first centuries of ancient Christianity, which is still an important point of reference for Eastern Christianity today, and the Anglican-Presbyterian one. The starting point for the juxtaposition of these two traditions is a definition of imagination drawn from biblical Hebrew hermeneutics, which allows the topic to be framed in the context of spiritual warfare. On the part of the Eastern monastic tradition, this is discussed mainly on the basis of the writings of Evagrius of Pontus, expanded by the opinions of some Church Fathers. Western views are expressed on the basis of the works of Avis, Brookman, Ricoeur, Tacy and others. One of their aspects is the perception of the biblical discourse as myth and the consequences related to this. The conclusion emphasises the importance of imagination in Christianity today, but also shows the different approach to imagination in the two traditions.

Orły – nie sępy; zwłoki – nie padlina. Uwagi na marginesie wersetów Mt 24,28 i Łk 17,37

Author(s): Jacek Salij / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The author of the text devotes attention to the trap of etymological analogy, which is important from the point of view of translation, and affects the way the Gospel is interpreted. He focuses on the key Greek word το πτωμα (to ptõma) for the verse of Mt 24.28 and the word that is important for the verse Łk 17.37 το σωμα (to sõma). These words in Polish translations of the Gospels in the twentieth century began to be translated as “carrion”. According to the author, it was a wrong decision. Contrary to the words used in the source text, in Polish the word “carrion” is associated with emotionally negative feelings, while in the New Testament these words refer to the body of a dead person, often the Savior himself. The article also recalled Origen’s remarks in order not to overlook the detail that our logion talks about eagles, not vultures. According to the author, the false translation decision results in an almost profound closure to the rich tradition that the Fathers of the Church left in commenting on both verses.

Interpretacja słowa Bożego zawartego w Psałterzu. „Kacerskie”, katolickie czy ponadwyznaniowe oblicze przekładów psalmów Reja i Kochanowskiego

Author(s): Maria Wichowa / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

“The Psalter” has a special status among the books of the “Bible”. There have been numerous translations of this work into national languages. During the Renaissance, translations into Polish appeared. The subject of research in this article are the prosaic Rej’s “Psalter” and the poetic by Kochanowski – a masterpiece of Renaissance religious poetry. The literary workshop of both translators was shown. They took into account the experiences of earlier translators, especially Erasmus of Rotterdam. Both Rej and Kochanowski tried not to ostentatiously manifest their religious beliefs. Their translations are of little help to Christians of different denominations. They took care of the over-denominational significance of their translations.

Językowy obraz słowa (Słowa) w wypowiedziach abpa Grzegorza Rysia

Author(s): Elżbieta Laskowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The chapter is devoted to research situated in the area of the linguistic image of the world. The subject of the study is the word, and the aim is to determine its meanings and semantic shades in the religious discourse. The research material consists of the statements of Archbishop Grzegorz Ryś, published in the book entitled The Power of the Word (2016). As a result of the analyzes, it was found that the lexeme „word” is used in the sense of a unit of the language system, also as a text. These meanings are common to different varieties of language, including colloquial. Two meanings of „the Word” are specific to religious discourse: as the Bible and as an event crowned by Jesus Christ. The article established the boundary of the linguist’s activities in the matter under study, at the same time indicating theologians as researchers who could continue their research.

Biblia w liturgii ordynariatów personalnych dla byłych anglikanów – wybrane problemy teologiczne

Author(s): Paweł Beyga / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In 2009 Pope Benedict XVI promulgated apostolic constitution Anglicanotum coetibus. In this special document pope opened the way for conversion of conservative members of the Church of England. Former Anglicans exist in the Catholic Church in three personal ordinariates and use special liturgical book for the Holy Eucharist. The main goal of the text is to show biblical element in the liturgy of the holy mass celebrated according to Divine Worship: The Missal. The author looked at the Anglican theology, ordo of the mass in personal ordinariates and theology of John Henry Newman – the most famous former Anglican in the history of Catholicism.

Elementy estetyki w Biblii. Próba charakterystyki

Author(s): Andrzej Piotr Perzyński / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

This paper deals with the issue of religious aesthetics in the Bible on the example of the analysis of Franz Rosenzweig’s thought, selected biblical themes and rabbinic literature. It briefly discusses Rosenzweig’s essay The Mystery of the Style of Biblical Stories. According to the author, the Bible does not cease to influence the next generations of mankind through the category of beauty. From biblical literature discussed are: 1 Maccabees, the Book of Esther, and the Letter of St. James. The rabbinic “Parable of the King’s wine” consists of comparison, symbols, metaphors and allegory, and in its metaphorical structure presents an uncomplicated secular fictional narrative. It is concluded that the religious aesthetic charm of the Old and New Testaments and rabbinic writings encourages in-depth scientific research in the perspective of Christian-Jewish dialogue and in its existential-religious and aesthetic-literary layer seems to be of great interest today.