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Missionary transformation of the Church and the pastoral conversion is a basic postulate in the teaching of pope Francis. He sees in it one of the most urgent tasks, which the community of the Church has to face now. The transformation has to rely primarily on the total focusing on evangelization, what was the experience of the community of the early Christians. Everything in the Church, each of its space and structure, has to serve the fundamental vocation for preaching the Gospel. For this purpose it is necessary to revise the existing methods, forms and language of evangelization, and update them to modern socio-cultural conditions. The author of Evangelii gaudium points to the vision of the Church coming out to the man to find him in his living environment, to lead to the experience of a personal encounter with God and start participating in the Community. Not only ecclesiastical structures, but also the life of every baptized person should become of evangelistic orientation, manifesting itself in full of enthusiasm answering for personal call to evangelization.
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The aim of the article is to present the figure of St. Therese of Jesus as a role model of religious life in selected works of post-Trent hagiography. The source material comprises of a biography included in the 1780 edition of Peter Skarga’s lives of saints and a collection of the lives of Carmelite saints by Fr. Philip of the Holy Trinity (1746). Besides the basic biographical content, the texts under discussion include characteristic features of Therese as a role model of a religious, following the Trent Council regulations. The article is published to commemorate the 500th anniversary of St. Therese’s birthday (1515-2015).
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The article concerns the way of developing loyalty to the Church. The necessity to develop loyalty with regard to the people who constitute the ecclesial community and to build it with regard to the people whose loyalty has decreased is an urgent problem nowadays. The processes of laicization and secularization in Poland influence loosening of the bonds with the Church and often result in leaving the Church. This situation forces priests to counteract the effects of the processes. In their efforts they can make use of the principles developed on the basis of economics. The ones which are particularly effective, as it seems, are the principles used in the affiliate marketing which aims at customer retention and which is based on cooperation. The article takes up the issue of developing loyalty to the Church through common values, strengthening self-confidence, maintaining contacts and recognition as well as through engagement and prizes.
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Family in the Church’s teaching is often referred to as a sanctuary of life and love. Love and life tell us about the identity of the family, her task and mission, which is to meet. The family built on the foundation of conjugal love of man and woman who draws from his only source – God, who is Love, has the task of witness to the love and serve life. The service life of the family is done by caring for the life of each of its members from the moment of conception until natural death, at every stage of its life and regardless of physical condition. The service life of the family also applies to care for the moral and spiritual life, as well as the perspective of a holy life and eternal life. The service life and love in the family is also the proclamation of the Gospel of love and life, to which the family is called, through the testimony of everyday life and the proclamation of her mouth, first within the family, and then also to other families. The proclamation of the Gospel of love and life for the Christian family is something natural, as flows from its identity as a community of life and love.
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This article tells about some aspects of the theological anthropology of Luis F. Ladaria, Spanish theologian, currently Secretary of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. Ladaria in his theological anthropology part horizons tracked by Vatican II and leads his reflection helped by various pronouncements of the Magisterium of the Church. It supports the outset that a theological anthropology must be determined by the Christology and the Trinity. Therefore, we need to have the mediation of Christ, who is true God and true man, the incarnate Word of God. This is not only in terms of concepts but also on the existence. It can be introduced in anthropological such as: love, communion, reciprocal. In this way you can go from the theological to the anthropological without the risk of applying to one of the features’ another error in which has different theological reflections.Niniejszy artykuł prezentuje niektóre aspekty antropologii teologicznej hiszpańskiego teologa Luisa F. Ladarii, obecnie Sekretarza Kongregacji Nauki Wiary. Teolog ten ukazując biblijne fundamenty antropologii teologicznej kładzie szczególny akcent na nauczanie Soboru Watykańskiego II na ten temat, a przede wszystkim na niektóre punkty Konstytucji duszpasterskiej o Kościele w świecie współczesnym Gaudium et spes. Ladaria prowadzi swoją refleksję teologiczno-antropologiczną wspierając się także innymi wypowiedziami Magisterium Kościoła. Utrzymuje on przede wszystkim, iż dla antropologii teologicznej determinującą jest chrystologia i trynitologia. Jest więc konieczną dla człowieka mediacja Chrystusa, prawdziwego Boga i prawdziwego człowieka, Wcielonego Słowa Bożego, nie tylko na poziomie pojęć, lecz także lingwistycznym i egzystencjalnym. Dzięki temu możliwe jest wprowadzenie do antropologii tematów takich jak: miłość, komunia, wzajemność; można też przechodzić, dzięki pośrednictwu Chrystusa, od wymiaru teologicznego do antropologicznego, bez ryzyka przypisywania jednemu charakterystyki drugiego, błędu, w który popadły rożne refleksje teologiczne. Można stwierdzić, iż Ladaria jest typowym przedstawicielem teologicznej antropologii posoborowej, ukazującej tożsamość oraz pełną realizację człowieka jedynie w Chrystusie – Bogu Człowieku, nie zaś w takiej, czy innej kategorii socjologicznej.
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The lecture deals with the peculiarity of the anthropology of Eastern Christians, which in broad outline is already present in the writings of many Greek Fathers. It consists especially in considering state of divine grace as divinisation (théôsis) of man. Its other distinctive features are real diff erence between image and likeness of God and threefold composition of man, according to Platonic expression of saint Paul: „your spirit and soul and body” (1 Thess 5, 23). Because Greek anthropology basicly agrees with Latine doctrine and in the new orthodox theology it obtains more and more attention, it seems that exchange of ideas in this field between Western and Eastern theologians is advisable, also in order to facilitate their dialogue on the main subjects.
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The contemporary man, and perhaps especially Christian, feels himself torn in to direction. On the one hand, he wants to be a good Christian, and he is moved in the direction of worship, adoration and faith in Christ. On the other hand, he believes in man and man’s eff ort to build up the world, in human progress, in diff erent philosophy and political conception, in human potential to build the future. Both of these directions seem good and deserving of all his eff ort, but they seem to be two diff erent directions. There is an apparent conflict between the upward impulse of faith, worship, adoration and the forward in the direction of faith only in man, faith in the liberally world, faith in human progress, faith in economy and political philosophy. This apparent conflict between man’s upward impulse toward God and his forward impulse toward progress results in a spiritual dualism. Therefore a man in our time will better know himself and reality of the progress of the world in the authentic value of our civilization too. On the way of renovation of his life in the faith’s dimension, has a man the possibility to find the motivation to live in the new light of God’s love.
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Pilate’s words “Behold the man” are a good starting point for the dramatic dispute about the truth of humankind. In no way does beholding the tortured victim elicit compassion; rather it increases the mob’s lust for persecution. Although Jesus’ persecution is akin to the persecution of countless scapegoats throughout human history, his dying is unique. He is in a radical way nonviolent in his dying and free from any wish for revenge. Thus, Christ dies in an act of solidarity with all victims of human history; still his dying is different from theirs. Therefore this death deconstructs the sacrificial order, founded by the murder of a scapegoat; his death reveals the non violent image of God and the image of a man, who is able to give up himself for others (Proexistenz/ sacricium) The founder of Innsbruck Dramatic Theology, Raymund Schwager, therefore viewed Christ’s cross both as a source of new anthropological insights and as a source of life. As a homo perfectus (GS 22) Christ unites himself with all human persons by identifying with all victims of human history and by asking the Father in their place for forgiveness for the perpetrators. These fundamental soteriological positions will be examined in this article for their anthropological consequences. In connection with René Girard’s mimetic theory, theological anthropology is being anchored in an evolutionary world-view and the classical questions about the creation of humanity by God and about original sin are interpreted in a new light. A mimetic conception of human desire stands at the center of this endeavor. The question of a normative anthropology is approached in the context of Christology and Soteriology and is analyzed in the context of the theme pro-existence/sacrifice. The article reflects the general viability of dramatic categories for present-day theological thinking in the face of an intensifying scapegoat-mentality.
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Modern dispute about the understanding of culture and nature is rich in tradition and dates back to ancient Greek sophists. However, in the modern era we observe a radicalization of positions. This is caused by superficial understanding of both the nature and culture, what matters is the narrow empiricism or extreme idealism. In addition, there is the absence of a human problem in this dispute, which is supported by anthropology practiced today within the framework of specialized and narrow detailed disciplines without the possibility of synthesis. An off er to solve this dispute, having sometimes the nature of the conflict, is a subjective nature of culture, allowing to reconcile man’s relationship with nature and everything that cannot be brought only to this dimension. The best evidence of this solution proves to be a Christian personalism, which does not overlook any of the essential dimensions of human existence. Besides the complex structure of the human being - what best describes the concept of a person – it applies both to the material and the spiritual world, providing thus a foundation in resolving the dispute over the understanding of culture and human nature. The ultimate criterion remains the event of the Incarnation, which is appropriate to claim an objective criterion of reality - “I am the truth” (Jn 14,6), shedding light on the human understanding; his secret and mystery. The value of culture is evaluated from the point of view of the objective truth, which also remains a key reference within the meaning of nature and its relationship to human activity.
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Although the relation between the mystery of the Holy Trinity and the sacrament of marriage was always treated as a minor issue, it has been present in the theology for ages. It is usually situated in the context of the searching for the “traces” of the Holy Trinity in the creation. The crucial moment in the theological approach to the relation between the mystery of the Holy Trinity and marriage was the reversal of the problem in question: marriage is not only a trace of the Holy Trinity in the world – as it is in classical theology – but rather it is expected to become an active reflection of the Trinity in the relations between husband and wife, in their mutual attitudes and it is supposed to express itself in the mission undertaken and fulfilled by husband and wife especially in their uniting and simultaneously fertile love. The Holy Trinity, especially as a mystery of the everlasting and rejoicing love, for a married couple should serve as a point of reference to understand their marital identity and to shape their mutual relations which express this identity. Trinitarian and Christological theology provide a rich material for a deepened understanding and recognition of the teaching of the former Popes who consistently emphasize the need of situating the fundamental questions regarding vocation, nature and mission of marriage in direct reference to the mystery of the Holy Trinity and the mystery of Jesus Christ. Theological perspectives unambiguously abiding by the conclusions of the theology of creation and natural law open an exceptionally broad view on marriage being the fundamental human and Christian reality, and at the same time a great mystery which has its origin in the highest mystery of the God in three Persons and which is fully revealed in Jesus Christ, the incarnated Son of God who died on the cross in kenotic love. Therefore it is primarily a perspective of personalism deeply rooted and directed Christologically. The mutual self-giving of husband and wife in the sacrament of marriage is a remarkable testimony given to Christ, since fidelity expressed in marital attitude reflects radicalism and greatness of love proved once and for all on the Christ’s cross. The fertility of physical union of man and wife reflects not only the immeasurable fertility of Christ’s death for mankind, but also the infinite fertility of Trinitarian communion which pours out on every created reality and becomes its original point of reference.
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Contemporary theology emphasizes the personalistic dimension of sacraments as visible and tangible signs of closeness and presence of God, signs and tools of communication and communion. This also applies to the sacrament of marriage. Based on the Bible and the teachings of the Church can easily be shown that the sacrament of marriage is communicative activity in the service of communion. In this way this sacrament becomes the sacrament of conjugal and familial service of communion.
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W obecnym czasie małżeństwo przeżywa kryzys. Można mu zapobiec zachowując wskazania Kościoła oparte na Słowie Bożym Starego i Nowego Testamentu. Ważna jest rola Kościoła ukazująca wartości zarówno w sensie antropologicznym jak i kościelno-religijnym mogące przezwyciężyć obecny kryzys małżeństwa i rodziny.
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Sakramentalny związek małżeński w swojej istocie ukierunkowany jest na prokreację. Jest ona owocem miłości dwojga małżonków. Odpowiedzialne rodzicielstwo jest zakorzenione w integralnej wizji małżeństwa, w której seksualność nie jest tylko źródłem przyjemności ale jest włączona w służbę miłości i życia. Podjęta w artykule problematyka ukazuje potrzebę planowania rodzicielstwa, stąd jego logiczna struktura zawiera takie zagadnienia jak: semantyka pojęcia planowane rodzicielstwo (1), ewolucja działań podejmowanych w Kościele na rzecz planowanego rodzicielstwa (2), ukazanie podstaw teologiczno-antropologicznych (3), potrzeba odpowiedzialności małżonków w związku sakramentalnym (4) i rodzicielstwo w miłości (5).
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Istotą świętości jest miłość Boga i bliźniego. Uświęcenie dokonuje się więc na płaszczyźnie wertykalnej i horyzontalnej i obejmuje wszystkich chrześcijan. To właśnie w perspektywie powołania wszystkich chrześcijan do świętości można mówić o drodze do świętości małżonków chrześcijańskich, pytając, jakie jest ich miejsce w powołaniu powszechnym oraz jak w ich szczególnym powołaniu mają się stać świętymi. Łaska sakramentu małżeństwa daje nową moc małżonkom dla przekazywania wiary, dla uświęcania i przemiany współczesnego społeczeństwa wedle zamysłu Bożego. Zasadnicza problematyka artykułu została ujęta w trzech punktach: źródła świętości małżeństwa, sposób rozumienia świętości małżeńskiej, współczesne rozumienie świętości małżeńskiej.
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Marriage is an institution known in all communities, both cultural and religious. The existing similarities and differences in the understanding of its meaning in diverse social, spiritual and religious environments, is an important reference point in the wide debate about marriage as well as it can help maintain an appropriate reference to each other people joining in the association and representing different views. Presented in the article, the science of marriage in the Protestant Catechism for Adults is an approximation of understanding of the issue of marriage in Protestantism. The principal topics were presented in four points: civil marriage and religious marriage with regard to issues about the nature of marriage and its existing form. And also the issues of marriage and family circumstances especially divorce marriage and intermarriage. These issues are the subject of the analyzes.
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Pojam religije može iritirati. On može lako varati da se često zamršenu i proturječnu raznolikost religija može donekle dovoljno obuhvatiti u jednoj definiciji. Izvorno se pojam religije odnosio na ispunjenje religioznih uvjerenja, na jednu određenu praksu i također na brigu za očuvanja baštinjene vjere. U novom je vijeku pojam religije znatno proširen i time sve apstraktniji i univerzalniji – čak i praznovjerja i sotonski kultovi su se brojali kao religije. Time je pojam religije postao sve prazniji sadržajem i manje upotrebljiv za opisivanje življene religije.
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Najprije ću izložiti što je vjera, a zatim što izdaje, niječe i poriče vjeru. To su praktični ateizam i pseudoreligioznost. Prije govora o vjeri potrebno je naznačiti kontekst u kojem se vjera ostvaruje. Prema tome, da bismo bolje razumjeli navedenu temu, potrebno je opisati vrijeme u kojem živimo. Živimo u sekularnom dobu, a njega je izvrsno analizirao i prikazao Charles Taylor, kanadski katolik koji je danas svjetski priznat mislilac, a po mom sudu najveći suvremeni filozof.
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