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About the interpretation and purpose of the charter issued by Bishop of Eger for burghers of Košice in 1290

Author(s): Drahoslav Magdoško / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2014

According to the charter issued by Andrew, Bishop of Eger, the Košice burghers were exempted from jurisdiction of Archdeacon of Abaujvár in 1290. Circumstances connected to its origin and then comparison with other charters containing similar privilege seem to be essential factors leading to better understanding of the source. Hereby a very detailed analysis of the text might say more to explain its meaning. Therefore, the cognoscible context of exemptions with the examination of circumstances leading to the issuance of the charter in 1290, along with consideration of the words written in the text, encourage the opinion that the burghers of Košice had been exempted from jurisdiction of Abaujvár´s Archdeacon even before. The Bishop´s charter seems to be only a confirmation of the right allowed earlier, which was a common phenomenon in the towns (or in the communities of guests) of the Hungarian Kingdom.

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Kostoly a špitály na predmestiach Košíc v stredoveku

Author(s): Drahoslav Magdoško / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2013

The study deals with suburban churches and hospitals in medieval Košice. Author evaluates historiography published on this topic and presents results of detailed research of town books and tax registers. The aim of contribution consists of characterizing of the development, i.e. origins and cessation of the buildings, their approximate geographical location as well as the position in the church administration of Košice. The existence of three churches and two hospitals surrounding the walled town has been proved by the research. The main and also the oldest hospital with a church had patrocinium of the Holy Spirit. It laid in front of the Lower Gate on south. As the second one, the church of St. Ladislaus was erected in the northern suburb. The last such objects built here in the Middle Ages were leprosarium and church of St. Leonard on the west side. In addition to this, there was constructed one more church in the town´s cadaster, staying in the village of Košická Nová Ves.

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Жертвоприношение, дар и молитва – ритуалът на поднасяне на дарове към планинското божество сред едно тибетско племе в региона Амдо

Author(s): Su Faxiang,Wаng Yuewei / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2016

Marcel Mauss’ works on the social facts of sacrifice, gift and pray formed the fundamental concepts and theories for anthropological studies about the reciprocity between humans and gods and the contract principal in gift exchange. This paper will focus on a sacrificial ritual to mountain god in a Tibetan tribe and discuss the relations between the three concepts, to illustrate that in this kind of ritual, although sacrificesare nonliving beings rather than animals, the intensity of other steps still stay at asimilar level with classical sacrificial ritual with animal sacrifices; and in the ethics of reciprocal principal, the form of gift exchange in this sacrificial ritual shows obvious „merit“ and „karma“ values which has representativeness in Buddhist societies.

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Церковно-славянские памятники в библиотеках василианских монастырей

Author(s): Irena Wodzianowska / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5-6/2015

The study closely traces the fate of Church Slavonic monuments in the collections of the Basilian monasteries since the establishment of the Order of the Basilians in 1617 to the period of socialism. A full quantitative and thematic characterization of the manuscripts and books preserved until today is presented against the background of historical events. The author argues that the collections of the Basilian libraries are unique in character and represent a kind of synthesis between western and eastern traditions.

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ST. MARINA BETWEEN VENICE AND THE BALKANS

Author(s): Valeria Fol / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

In this article I return to St. Marina, on whose folkloric image and faith I worked many years ago. My goal is to supplement my previous observations with new ones and to expand the territorial scope. Special attention is paid to the veneration of the saint’s sacred relics in the Mediterranean and the reactivation of her cult. I also consider the transformational models in the believers’ notions of the cave and nature, and the periodic renewal of those notions through archaization and return to archetypes personified in the cult of St. Marina.

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ПРЕНОС НА САКРАЛНОСТ ОТ ЕЗИЧЕСКА ДРЕВНОСТ ДО ХРИСТИЯНСКОТО СРЕДНОВЕКОВИЕ И СЪВРЕМЕННОСТТА: ПРИМЕР

Author(s): Lubomir Conev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 19/2021

The period V–VIII cent. AD is particularly dramatic in the history of Bulgarian lands. Cardinal changes occur on the Balkan Peninsula, but up to this day it is lively debated whether and to what extent these changes are accompanied by cultural and ethnic continuity. The present study offers a number of facts expressing such continuity.

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Madhva and Calvin. A Comparative Study of the Views of Two Medieval Theologians of Hinduism and Christianity

Author(s): B.N. Hebbar / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

This article compares and contrasts two eminent theologians, one Hindu (Madhva), and one Christian (Calvin) who had similar ideas in terms of the sovereignty and majesty of God and the doctrine of Predestination of souls each, of course, based on their respective religious-cultural contexts and scriptural texts.

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The Third Assembly of the World Council of Churches in New Delhi, in 1961, in the Asian Religious Context of the Second Half of the Twentieth Century

Author(s): Ștefan Popa / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The Third General Assembly of the World Council of Churches took place in New Delhi, a multicultural and interreligious town in India. By this means, the World Council took a step forward towards the dialogue with the world’s religions. From ancient times, India was a place of dialogue between adherents of different cultures and religious traditions. At the Third General Assembly of the WCC, the interreligious dialogue which will be more acknowledged throughout the years became a leitmotif on the ecumenical agenda of the member churches. In this study, I try to present how this historical ecumenical event has shaped the interreligious dialogue architecture of the World Council and how it fits in the Asian interreligious landscape. It was the first General Assembly of the WCC outside the traditional Christian space, which up to that moment represents more or less the European and North-American geographical space.

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Концептуални аспекти относно Бог и спасението в ученията на гностицизма и богомилството

Author(s): Georgi Belogashev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2022

Article aims, through a comparative analysis, to explicate the Gnostic and Bogomil religious-philosophical conceptual grounds for the possibility of acquiring knowledge saving man from the dualism of being. The tasks of the study are to indicate the reasons for the search for such knowledge, which provides a form of human existence that will lead man to salvation. To achieve the tasks, the study begins by establishing the connections of Gnosticism and Bogomilism with historically preceding spiritual-religious communities and their concepts, the relations with Christianity and the grounds for their designation as Christian heresies are indicated, the conceptual parallels between Gnosticism and Bogomilism in their cosmological understandings are indicated and their consequences for man, the way out is indicated, which overcomes the unnatural state of being and the subsequent opportunity available to man for union with God.

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NEGATIVE INFLUENCE MARKERS OF RELIGIOUS FANATICS IN SOCIETY

Author(s): Iulian Dinulescu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

Religious fanaticism is a ubiquitous phenomenon in society, shaping and generating complex individual and collective behaviors and duplications both in relation to members of the community they belong to and those outside them. An important role in determining such behaviors has the religious precepts adopted by fanatics. They definitely influence the behavior of the followers as well as the way those with extreme and intolerant religiosity relate, ie the religious fanatics to themselves and to those with whom they interact. For some fanatics, their behavior has a component represented by that of violence committed in the name of their divinity. What is worse is that they think they are right and the rest of the members of society are not, which is why the latter are guilty before the supreme being for not following the sacred precepts and consequently not adapting their behavior to those precepts. For these reasons, the article will analyze the common landmarks of all the entities that fanaticize their followers, as well as the uniqueness of the repercussions on the other members of society.

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ზაქარია ჭიჭინაძე და ქართველთა დენაციონალიზაციის პრობლემები (სომეხ კათოლიკეთა ანტიქართული საქმიანობა)

Author(s): Sergo Vardosanidze / Language(s): Georgian Issue: 1/2023

In the lengthy history of the Georgian people, the XV and XVIII centuries were especially hard because of the division of the country into small political units, such as the provincial kingdoms and principalities and the isolation of the patriarchates of Mtskheta and Likht-Imereti, as well as Samtskhe church from the unified Georgian Church. At that time two conquerors from the south, Iran and the Ottomans, were conquering Georgian territories and forcibly converted the Georgian population to Islam. The desperate population, hoping for help from Europeans, converted to the Catholic faith on the advice of papal missionaries, although they could still praise God in Georgian with the Georgian Typicon. The situation changed in the sixteenth century when Pope Paul III entrusted the Georgian parish to the Armenian UNITOR Catholics. Historian Zakaria Chichinadze exposed the perfidies of the Catholic Armenians, who forbade the Georgians to worship in the Georgian language and started the ‘Armenization’ of the Georgians.The Catholic Armenians almost completely Armenianized the Georgian Catholics of Artvin, Ardagan and Nigali valleys and for this purpose, used even threats, terror, bribery, slander, presented the history of the Caucasus and Georgia in a crooked mirror. This is particularly true with the members of the Congregation of the Mechitarists, who successfully convinced European scholars and Roman popes with their fabricated fantastic stories. Zakaria Chichinadze, together with Mikheil Tamarashvili, Ivane Gvaramadze and Petre Kharischirashvili, fought against this treacherous policy of Armenian Catholicism, whose goal was to denationalize the Georgian nation, and protected the identity of the Georgian nation.

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Buddhist Concepts in Mihai Eminescu’s Poems

Author(s): Marinică Tiberiu Șchiopu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Mihai Eminescu’s indianism has been researched by scholars and critics like Amita Bhose or Mircea Itu, but the Buddhist component of his writings was not thoroughly analysed. The present study aims to investigate some fundamental Buddhist concepts that the Romanian writer recycled in his works. All of Mihai Eminescu’s friends knew about his keen interest in Buddhism, as Cătălin Cioabă’s book Mărturii despre Eminescu (2022) revealed to the public, and his fascination for this particular philosophical Indian system was reflected in his poems. The main research questions of this paper are: “Which are the Buddhist concepts that Mihai Eminescu intertextually used in his works?” and “Why did he choose those philosophical ideas?” In the analysis of the Buddhist dimension of Eminescu’s poetry, the following methods will be indispensable: close reading, hermeneutics, intertextuality and stylistics.

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A Possible Theological-Philosophical Architecture of Interfaith Dialogue between Christianity and Hinduism

Author(s): Ioan Dura,Bogdan Dinoiu,Irinel Ciobotaru,Dumitru Ioan Beșliu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The experience of the religious and cultural encounter of East and West was consummated. Both civilizations looked at each other, admired each other, criticized each other, appreciated each other, but could not avoid the continuous encounter on the social space. This encounter is translated into the everyday experience of a world in which religious-cultural boundaries are much more fluid and perishable because of the innovative complex of communication, mobility, and relationship. Extensive research has been produced exploring the stakes of this West-East encounter from historical, cultural, and religious perspectives. Books, studies, and projects have been written about the differences and common elements of this encounter. Our aim in this study is to project the possibility of a new architecture of the dialogue between Christianity and Hinduism, in particular between Orthodox theology and Advaita-Vedanta, one of the darśana in Hinduism, an architecture whose morphology is constituted by the density of the human experience with the divine.

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A Comparative Overview between Zangs gling ma and Previous Texts on Padmasambhava

Author(s): Iulian Lucian Maidanuc / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

This paper compares the five texts regarding Padmasambhava written before Zangs gling ma (dBa’ bzhed and four manuscripts discovered in Dunhuang - Pelliot tibétain 44, IOL Tib J 321, IOL Tib J 644 and Pelliot tibétain 307) with the texts from Zangs gling ma, in an attempt to identify similarities and differences between them and to reach conclusions resulting from examining them together. The paper also addresses the question of historical credibility of Zangs gling ma, taking into consideration its connection with dBa’ bzhed, as well as the question on length of Padmasambhava’s stay in Tibet, by identifying texts in Zangs gling ma that refer to places in Tibet where the master stayed.

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Wendy Doniger, An American Girl in India: Letters and Recollections, 1963-1964, New Delhi: Speaking Tiger Books, 2022, 254 pp., ISBN: 978-93-5447-285-5

Author(s): Cătălina-Ioana Pavel / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Review of: Wendy Doniger, An American Girl in India: Letters and Recollections, 1963-1964, New Delhi: Speaking Tiger Books, 2022

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Mihaela Gligor and Elisabetta Marino (Eds.), Tagore beyond Borders: Essays on His Influence and Cultural Legacy. London, New York: Routledge, 2023, 150 pp., ISBN: 978-1-032-11208-4 (hbk), ISBN: 978-1-032-13334-8 (pbk).

Author(s): Diana-Viorela Burlacu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Review of: Mihaela Gligor and Elisabetta Marino (Eds.), Tagore beyond Borders: Essays on His Influence and Cultural Legacy. London, New York: Routledge, 2023.

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Mihaela Gligor & Lipi Ghosh (Eds.), Between Two Worlds: Romania and India. Essays on Expanding Borders through Culture, Cluj-Napoca: Cluj University Press / Presa Universitară Clujeană, 2023, 183 pp., ISBN 978-606-37-1734-5.

Author(s): Marinică Tiberiu Șchiopu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Review of: Mihaela Gligor & Lipi Ghosh (Eds.), Between Two Worlds: Romania and India. Essays on Expanding Borders through Culture, Cluj-Napoca: Cluj University Press / Presa Universitară Clujeană, 2023.

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”ASPECTS OF ISLAMIC RADICALIZATION IN THE BALKANS AFTER THE FALL OF COMMUNISM” PETER LANG PUBLISHING GROUP

Author(s): Nicoleta Annemarie Munteanu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The international volume ”Aspects of Islamic Radicalization in the Balkans After the Fall of Communism”, published in 2023 by the Peter Lang Publishing Group represents a genuine assessment of the Islamic fundamentalism way spread in the Balkans since communism` fall, among the Muslim population, which add to the already existing literature. The studies included in this volume bring to the fore specific issues regarding certain geographical areas: Kosovo, Albania, Montenegro, Bulgaria, Romania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, and Serbia, as well as holistic approaches within the role of Islam in the Balkans and the related connections with the historical, religious, political, economic, and social aspects in terms of radicalization.

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Земята ще потъне и небесата ще се раздерат: апокалиптични пророчества, свързани с отпадането на Рим от православната вяра (според „Сказание как Рим отпадна от православната гръцка вяра“)

Author(s): Kristiyan Kovachev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

The article examines the polemical anti-Latin writings “The Tale of how Rome fell away from the Orthodox Greek faith” (according to manuscript TSIAI 1161) and “Word of how Rome fell” (according to manuscript SANU 147) in the context of the theme of apocalyptic prophecies and the expectation of severe, but God’s just punishment for sins committed. A study of these short but message-laden late medieval texts reveals not only the perception of the conflict between East and West among ordinary people, but also the fear of catastrophic consequences for the world as a result of the violation of church tradition. The change of custom also implies an intervention in the plan of the Creator and changes in the physically visible and spiritual world.

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Zoroastrianism. Innovative and Transformative Religion in the Ancient World

Author(s): Masoud Afzadi / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

This article seeks to cast a new light on an ancient religion, one that stands as one of the most innovative and oldest religions in the world. It has introduced profound concepts such as human rights, eschatology, life, light and fire, humanity, free will, love, and many other valuable notions to various religions. Major religions like Judaism, Christianity, and Islam have also been influenced by these concepts. The article posits that Zoroastrianism and the religious heritage of ancient Iran essentially constitute a global legacy for all of humanity.

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