Немският хуманист Николай Кузански, идеята за християно-мюсюлманско помирение и събитията в България през 1454 г.

Author(s): Vasil Gyuzelev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 13/2010

This article gives information about one of the three figures of intellectuals that surpassed the ideas of their time from the book "Three champions for Christian-Muslim unity". In 15th century Nicholas of Cusa found similarities between the Holy Bible and the Koran. He accomplished that in time when Byzantium was wiped from the world map from the hordes of the rising Ottoman empire and shortly after the fall of Byzantium, Bulgaria too fell under Ottoman rule.

Kazania filozofa

Author(s): Zbigniew Wolak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2016

Kazania ks. prof. Michała Hellera są doskonałym przykładem łączenia kompetencji w naukach teologicznych i przyrodniczych z pasją nauczania wiary i dawania jej świadectwa. W swoim artykule przedstawiłem wybrane zagadnienia, które ujawniają nowatorstwo jego kaznodziejstwa i pozwalają poznać jego kompetencje zarówno w tych dziedzinach, których znajomość jest koniecznym warunkiem przemawiania w kościele, jak i w tych, które znają nieliczni kaznodzieje. W artykule zamieściłem także kilka własnych refleksji dotyczących teologii, języka, filozofii, nauk empirycznych. Refleksje te, nawiązujące do omawianych kazań, są wynikiem moich własnych przemyśleń, do których sam autor zachęcał czytelników. Natomiast celem artykułu jest wykazanie, że Michał Heller jest uczonym, który również na polu duszpasterskim ma wiele ważnych i ciekawych rzeczy do powiedzenia. Sermons by Father Michael Heller are perfect example of combining competence in theological and natural sciences with a passion for teaching the faith and to bearing witness to it. In this article I present selected topics that reveal the novelty of his preaching and allow us to get to know his expertise in both these areas: the knowledge which is a necessary condition to speak in the church, and sciences which know only a few preachers. The article also contains some of my own ideas on theology, language, philosophy, empirical science. My reflections referring to these sermons, are the result of my own thoughts, to which the author himself urged readers. The aim of this article is to show that Michael Heller is a scientist who in the pastoral field has many important and interesting things to say.

Koncepcja cudu Johna Henry’ego Newmana na tle antytaumaturgicznego argumentu Davida Hume’a

Author(s): Piotr Cebula / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2016

W artykule podjęta została próba całościowego ujęcia koncepcji cudu w myśli Johna Henry’ego Newmana. W tym celu ukazano ją na tle głównej idei podważającej wiarygodność świadectw o cudach, a w konsekwencji prawdziwość cudów, którą sformułował David Hume. Kolejnym krokiem było przedstawienie ujęcia Newmana, które zawiera się w tradycji interpretacji natury tych zjawisk jako znaku. Oryginalny wkład Newmana w dyskusję na temat cudów przejawia się w podkreśleniu roli uprzednich prawdopodobieństw w ocenie wiarygodności tych świadectw. Inspirujące jest także powiązanie uprzednich prawdopodobieństw z dyspozycją religijno-moralną podmiotu poznającego. Wnioski Newmana podważają tezy Hume’a o bezzałożeniowej (neutralnej) ocenie zjawisk nadzwyczajnych. The following article is an attempt to outline the holistic vision of miracles as provided in John Henry Newman’s thought. The abovementioned concept was presented in relation to David Hume’s theory questioning the credibility of testimony on miraculous events that eventually led to prove the truth of miracles. Subsequently, Newman’s arguments concerning interpretation of the nature of miracles as signs. Here, Newman’s concept on the importance of antecedent probabilities in the assessment of testimony credibility could be seen as an original contribution to the dispute on miracles. Moreover, the relation between antecedent probabilities and personal disposition, both religious and moral one as such, is developed. The conclusions drawn by Newman serve to undermine the theory advocating the neutral assessment of supernatural facts as provided by Hume.

NÉHÁNY ADAT A TÖRTÉNELMI DÉSI, SZÉKI ÉS A GÖRGÉNYI REFORMÁTUS EGYHÁZMEGYÉK ORGONÁIRÓL

Author(s): Dávid Sipos / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2017

During our research between 2010-2015 in the above mentioned Reformed Dioceses we found a quite large number of curiosities about the history of the organs in the churches of these dioceses. In many cases we could set the mismatching data rights, we found information about organ builders, dates of construction etc. Although the most interesting part of this research is the repertoire of the organs, we would not recommend for every day reading: the reader can be put to sleep by the flow of the information. But it is worth for the reader to get acquainted with a few of these curiosities, interesting stories about a few organs in these three dioceses. In the following pages we will present a few interesting details about the organs in Dej (Dés), Ocna Dej (Désakna), Dămăcușeni (Domokos), Chiochiș (Kékes), Vaida Cămăraș (Vajdakamarás), Suseni - Filipișu Mic (Marosfelfalu - Kisfülpös), Brâncovenești (Marosvécs).

A KOLOZSVÁRI REFORMÁTUS TEOLÓGIAI FAKULTÁS KÖNYVTÁRÁNAK IRATGYŰJTEMÉNYÉRŐL

Author(s): Gábor Sipos / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2017

After 1895, documents of archival character got to the library of the Protestant Theological Faculty. Papers of pastors were filed here with the intention of maintenance, dioceses and parishes also transferred old documents. Writings taken away from the archive of Supremum Consistorium on purpose to carry on research work got here, too. A part of the Sombori family’s records was filed here in 1940. The collection comprising 449 papers dating from the 16th–20th centuries was docketed by Nagy Géza, professor of theology in 1951, who arranged the documents according to chronological order. In 1979 the collection rolled in The Archive of the Transylvanian Protestant Church District, in the course of its classification we have sorted the papers according to provenance, the writings loaned were put back to their original places.

AMIKOR (KOLLEKTÍV) BŰN VOLT MAGYARNAK LENNI A FELVIDÉKEN

Author(s): Alfréd Somogyi / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2017

After the second world war, the plan was to create a nation-state from the renewed Czechoslovakia. The head of the state, Edvard Beneš’s intention was, to make the Germans and Hungarians, living in the country, disappear. He blamed these two nations, and the German and Hungarian minorities living in Czechoslovakia for the collapse of the country in 1938. The creation of a nation-state was supported by the Great Powers. In 1945, the Red Army liberated the former territories of Czechoslovakia and in the absence of a central government, Edward Beneš started to rule by issuing presidential decrees. He issued 143 decrees, amongst them those proclaiming the collective war crime of Germans and Hungarians, loss of their citizenship, confiscation of their properties, and it sent them to forced labour. This started their expulsion from their homeland. Hungarians were deported to Czech territory, then expelled to Hungary, finally forcefully resettled to Hungary in exchange for Slovaks living in Hungary. The plan was to "shift" 400.000 Hungarians to Hungary. In the end, 90.000 people were deported, out of them 50.000 of reformed religion. This paper deals with the effects of the deportations, resettlements from the reformed church’s point of view.

KERESZTELŐ JÁNOS ÉS TANÍTVÁNYAI

Author(s): Lészai Lehel / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2017

John the Baptist and his disciples have an exceptional importance for our research, because chronologically and in other important ways, they are very close to Jesus and his disciples. Their chronological proximity is proven by their almost simultaneous conception, their activity, and finally their execution. John the Baptist prepared the way for Christ through his ministry. He gathered disciples and taught them to pray. He fasted together with his disciples. We have to leave open the question of his contact with Qumran and his relationship to the Essenes. In some respects there are similarities between him and Jesus, but there cannot be denied the differences, first of all regarding the ascetic way of life. Because of his uncompromising preaching and the upholding of the banner of truth he had to suffer a violent death. Through his death he becomes a part of the prophet’s fatal destiny.

NEVELÉSI MODELLEK A PÉLDABESZÉDEK KÖNYVÉBEN

Author(s): János Molnár / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2017

The study draws up, describes and presents education models demonstrating the book's pedagogical topicality in the present pedagogical activity. The study also treats issues of history of literature, authorship and genesis period as well as issues regarding the origin of the collection found in the book. It details the notion of Hebrew wisdom, the activity of the wise who teach, respectively the initial phases of the subsequently funded schools. The study specifies and presents five education models: nursing, guiding, ruling, supporting self-development and social sensitivity.The author emphasizes and illustrates the pedagogical topicality of the book.

VALLÁSOS NEVELÉS ÉS A GYERMEKKÉP ALAKULÁSA A REFORMÁCIÓ KORÁBAN – FELADATOK AKKOR ÉS MOST -

Author(s): Gabriella Márta Gorbai / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2017

The spread of Protestant reformation in Europe brought about a qualitative and quantitative change in schooling. At the same time, the various forms of religious revival changed the parent-child and adult-child relationships as well, which is referable to the fundamental importance attributed to the role of family in religious education. In this study we analyze the view of children in the age of reformation; we try to establish whether the increased attention given to children was indeed prompted by religion; we look for the explanation of the fact that protestant communities have shown a form of care that was different from what was customary before that time.As a conclusion we can draw comparison between then and now, since our problems, aims and tasks regarding the realization of religious education are in many ways similar to the challenges faced by our great ancestors in the age of reformation.

SANCTUARE ÎN LUMEA GERMANICĂ ŞI NORDICĂ ÎN EPOCA FIERULUI

Author(s): Alexander Rubel / Language(s): English,Romanian,German Issue: 1/2011

During the Iron Age Germanic tribes used mainly open air sanctuaries, such as holy groves or spring sanctuaries for sacrifice. This article describes such open air sanctuaries and their use by the worshippers according to the sources and reconstructed with the help of the archaeological evidence. Closer attention is paid to the complex practice of human sacrifice, which has attracted the attention of scholars since the 18th century.

THE PURIFYING FIRE IN THE ROMANIAN PREHISTORIC BURIALS

Author(s): Alexandra Comşa / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2011

Ако някога те забравя, Йерусалиме...

Author(s): Iskra Hristova-Shomova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 02/2017

Znamiona państwa wyznaniowego – uwagi na kanwie dorobku współczesnego konstytucjonalizmu

Author(s): Paweł Borecki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 20/2017

The analysis of contemporary constitutions indicates that the number of religious states is slowly decreasing. However, we are confronted with the opposite tendencies. The model of the religious state is characteristic primarily of Muslim countries of the Near and Middle East and of a number of Southeast Asian countries. In the last decades, the number of Christian states and secular ideological states has declined significantly. There is a stable group of states with Buddhism as a privileged religion. The religious constitutional norms of confessional states are generally characterized by a high degree of generality. Detailed provisions are rare. Denominational clauses are included primarily among the supreme principles of the constitution. Underlying the religious character of the state is the rejection of the neutrality of the worldview. It is not possible, on the basis of the constitution alone, to reconstruct a detailed, universal model of the religious state. In the light of fundamental laws, the most common characteristics of religious states are: the negation of the neutrality of the state in worldviews, the acceptance of a particular religion as the official religion, the rejection of the equality of religious associations, the requirement of a state religion or belief towards the head of the state, the state support for a given confession. The constitutions of the majority of religious states formally provide for religious freedom. In the fundamental laws of some Muslim states, the formal guarantees for this freedom are, however, absent. The organizational unity of the state and religious apparatus is not characteristic of the sphere of Western political culture. The socio-political reality of contemporary religious states indicates that this model of statehood can not be a priori regarded as contrary to the principles of democracy and human rights.

Градината с дървото, което се разклонява: Вавилонски отклонения на Ирена Кръстева

Author(s): Vladimir Sabourin / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2018

Нравствено-етичното и религиозното в съвременната педагогическа наука

Author(s): Luchyan Milkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2016

Pedagogical science is the science of man, his eternal and constant striving for improvement and self-knowledge. Its foundations were laid in a classical Greek era, in ancient Greece, through the work and writings of many Greek philosophers, among those stand Socrates, Plato and Aristotle.

„Ritual“ als epistemologisches Problem der (prähistorischen) Archäologie. Religionswissenschaftliche und erkenntnistheoretische Anmerkungen zum Problem urzeitlicher Religionen

Author(s): Alexander Rubel / Language(s): Romanian,German Issue: 1/2009

„Ritual” as an epistemological problem of (prehistoric) archeology. Religious studies and epistemological notes on the problem of prehistoric religions

Symbolic Functions of Salt and Related Similes in Oriental Curses and Blessings

Author(s): Iulian Moga / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2009

Salt has a polymorphic symbolic functionality that recommends it as one of the most impressive and effective symbols ever. Like many other basic symbols of a remote origin, its perception was ambivalent. Most of its symbolic functions derive from its practical features. It has been valued both for its corrosive and therefore destructive nature, and for its antiseptic and preservative qualities. And this is why its imagery was all the time positive as well as negative within the same type of cultural environment. For example, it was Elisha who cured the waters that made the land infertile with salt, while in other contexts in the Jewish or Mesopotamian cultural milieux, the salt waters possess negative connotations. In the epic of Enuma Elish, Tiamat, who was a personification of the salt waters, was threatening with the destruction of the newly begotten world and the gods until she was eventually slain by the god Marduk who split her body into two parts, subsequently creating heaven and earth.

Observații antropologice în legătură cu complexul monahal de la Dumbrăveni, jud. Constanța

Author(s): Costel Chiriac,Angela Simalcsik / Language(s): English,Romanian Issue: 1/2017

The authors present their historical and anthropological observations concerning bone fragments belonging to a person buried in the 4th century AD in the monastical rupestral complex in Dumbraveni, Constanta county, in Dobruja (4th-6th century AD). It is believed that this person, buried inside the rupestral monastery is marked from an anthropological point of view by his natural and social environment. There are obvious resemblances with the burial rituals practiced in the Judaic desert.

A ZENE HATÁSA AZ ÉRTELMI ÉS AZ ÉRZELMI INTELLIGENCIÁRA

Author(s): Lajos Király / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2019

This study analyses the effect of music on aesthetic and emotional intelligence. Since creativity also means healing creation at the same time that implies digging deeper and transcendence as well, we would like to talk about the therapeutic effects of music with an intercommunication outlook. Some state that musicality is inborn and coded into our genes, which we call talent that can be further developed and transferred to the following generation. According to others, musicality and the ability to play and sing is not merely a matter of genetics but also the social and cultural background the individual grew up in is very important. We shall see that there are cultures in which music is the sole instrument with which the individual can adapt into the respective culture. Many deem that music is the “peak of human intellect and emotionality”, and that is why many studies were published in the second half of the 20th century about its effects on intellectual and emotional development. In what follows, we shall also talk about the debated Mozart effect, the biological basis of music and the stimulation of logical thinking. By music, the help, the counselor, the attender, the priest have a tool with which they can positively influence cognition, the expression of feelings, the development of creativity, whilst „the effects of the expansive transfer prevails through the intellectual, emotional and motivational changes”. But for all that, we must be familiar with the effects of music on intellectual and emotional intelligence.

A VILÁGKÉP ÉS A VILÁGSZEMLÉLET MEGKÜLÖNBÖZTETÉSE A VALLÁSPEDAGÓGIÁBAN

Author(s): Dávid Németh / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2019

In the field of practical theology from a Christian pedagogical perspective we have to make a clear distinction between world picture (describing empirical reality) and worldview (determining personal affection to the first one). While the science based world picture tends to be as objective representation of our actual world as is could be, the worldview is hermeneutical system based upon principles, ideas and values. In most cases, mixing up these two notions cause tensions between faith and natural science. In order to clarify some points of differentiation and also reference to each other, this study investigates the two notions in the context of religious education.