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Archeometallurgie Precieuse de la Culture de Varna a Celle des Thraces
More...Thracian Sanctuary-fortress at the Village of Strashimir - The Middle Rhodopes
More...Unbekannte Steinstellen aus der Römischen Provinz Thracia. Eine Kunsthistorische Betrachtung
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This article aims to bridge the gap between history and archaeology by linking the methodological and theoretical developments of both scientific disciplines. This is done by tracing general societal trends and developments within both disciplines, divided into five periods, from the professionalization of the sciences in the nineteenth century, up to the present day. The result will hopefully offer practitioners of both disciplines an insight into the others’ intellectual framework, and thereby foster better understanding and opportunities for future cooperation.
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The early period of the Christianization of Livonia has until recently been considered in terms of written and archaeological sources, but the present article focuses on visual material. We will try to answer the question why two stone fortresses—Üksküla and Holme— had to be built in the Livonian territory in the context of a peaceful German mission, and why their architectural style is quite different, eliminating the possibility that they could be the work of the same hands. The Chronicle of Henry of Livonia tells us that both building projects were initiated by Canon Meinhard of the Segeberg Convent. In 1186, when the first of the two strongholds had been built, but not the second, Meinhard also became bishop. Although the investiture of a bishop by the Archbishop of Bremen should have been considered an important landmark in the Christianization of Livonia by the Church of Riga, the fact is only briefly mentioned in Henry’s Chronicle. More significant reasons for this gloss over such a major event may be found by looking more closely at the architecture of the Holme castle. The style clearly follows that of the Danish 12th century state fortresses, presenting an intriguing synthesis between the castle on the island of Sprogø and the Havn castle of Bishop Absalon of Roskilde. Besides architecture, the fortresses’ spatial relation to the landscape deserves special attention. Most 12th century Danish fortresses are built on islands, facilitating the control of maritime traffic. The name in Henry’s Chronicle, castrum Holme, denotes a castle built on a small isle in the Scandinavian languages, and considering the position of the island, the fortress was conveniently placed for controlling the traffic on the river Daugava. We could draw the conclusion that after his investiture, Bishop Meinhard turned to the Danes for advice on the next steps to be taken in Livonia. The same happened in the Wendish Crusade, when Duke Henry the Lion of Saxony and King Valdemar of Denmark divided the conquered areas between them. Furthermore, after Bishop Albert’s (1199-1229) ordination his first official visit was paid to the King of Denmark. The Danish marked their presence in the area with a castle on the isle of Holme. This explains why, in 1188, Archbishop Hartwig applied for papal approval to specifically emphasise the bishopric’s subordination to Bremen. This could also be the reason for Henry’s taciturnity on the subject in his Chronicle and for the later exculpations of the Church of Riga, including the claim that this church antedated both the Danish crusade and the Danish mission in the region. The construction of the Holme castle lends credibility to the suggestion that Knud VI’s ambitions in Livonia were considerably broader than the historiography has so far suggested.
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Review of: Jasna Jeličić Radonić, Hermina Gőricke-Lukić & Ivan Mirnik. “Faros, Grčki, grčko-ilirski rimski novac“, III, Književni krug Split, Biblioteka Knjiga Mediterana 99, Split 2017, 305 f.
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Anthropology as science and a knowledge has many meanings. It is understood as a comparative study of the human being as a biological evolutionary beings, as well as a unique study of human cultural diversity, past and present. This essay presents an introductory overview of four-field anthropology, as recognized in the American anthropology. The essay presents an outline of Franz Boas's thought in the context of the conceptualization of holistic anthropology, consisting of physical anthropology, cultural anthropology, linguistic anthropology, and archaecology. Boas's thoughts are discussed in the context of the paradigm of cultural relativism and historical particularism, as major theoretical paradigms in anthropology and predominant in American anthropology. This essay is a theoretical and critical glanceon the development of four field model of anthropology, in the context of Boasian thought, and the importance of this model in the context of anthropology.
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Review of: Wiebke Rohrer: Wikinger oder Slawen? Die ethnische Interpretation frühpiastischer Bestattungen mit Waffenbeigabe in der deutschen und polnischen Archäologie. (Studien zur Ostmitteleuropaforschung, Bd. 26.) Verl. Herder-Inst. Marburg 2012. VIII, 257 S., Ill. ISBN 978-3-87969-376-4. (€ 38,–.). Reviewed by Jens Schneeweiß.
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This paper is intended as a contribution to the understanding of Late Iron Age foodconsumption patterns and dietary preferences along the lower course of the River Daugava.The multidisciplinary study analysed the ceramic vessels from the 11th–13th century Raušisettlement and cemetery. We used lipid residue analysis employing GCMS (gaschromatographymass spectrometry), GCCIRMS (gaschromatographycombustionisotoperatio mass spectrometry) and bulk EAIRMS (elemental analyserisotope ratio massspectrometry) of foodcrusts for identifying vessel contents. The results are compared andassessed in the context of food refuse finds at the site, and the carbon and nitrogen isotopicbaseline of River Daugava. Other evidence of dietary practices reported in previous researchand historical sources is also integrated in the discussion.The results point to the Liv burial pottery being taken directly from the household as asecondary use. The pottery analyses and bone refuse indicate that the people of Rauši mostlybased their diet on fish, beef and milk. Pork, however, seems to have gone through alternativecooking practices like drying, curing or fermenting. Surprisingly none of the analysed potshad been used for extensive processing plant matter. Cultivated crops seem to have been usedas a supplement to the protein rich diet.
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Review of: Michael Müller-Wille: Zwischen Starigard/Oldenburg und Novgorod. Beiträge zur Archäologie west- und ostslawischer Gebiete im frühen Mittelalter. (Studien zur Siedlungsgeschichte und Archäologie der Ostseegebiete, Bd. 10.) Wachtholtz. Neumünster 2011. 312 S., Ill., Kt. ISBN 978-3-529-01399-7. (€ 50,–.). Reviewed by Eduard Mühle.
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Review of: Mittelalterliche Eliten und Kulturtransfer östlich der Elbe. Interdisziplinäre Beiträge zu Archäologie und Geschichte im mittelalterlichen Ostmitteleuropa. Hrsg. von Anne Klammt und Sébastien Rossignol. Univ.-Verl. Göttingen 2009. 238 S., Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. ISBN 978-3-941875-10-4. (€ 24,–.). Reviewed by Matthias Hardt.
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The influence of recent archaeological excavations in the territory of Latium and Rome on the restoration of some aspects of the religious life in these areas was discussed. The study aimed to verify what we know about the ancient tradition of the Roman religion and the temple construction in the archaic era. The following methods were used: the principle of historicism, comparative-historical method, and historical-genetic method. The problems of reconstruction and dating of temples in Rome, evolution of the image of the temple and its concept, changes in the principles of temple construction were considered. A number of examples of recent archaeological excavations, which in some cases specify – for example, the excavations of the temple complex in Fidenae – or directly confirm the data of the ancient tradition on the Roman religion (human sacrifices in Ancient Rome), were provided. At the same time, some problems remain controversial, such as the size of the temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus. The archaeological findings show a strong Etruscan influence on the architecture of Latium and that of Rome in particular. However, the Central Italy was strongly influenced by the Greek culture, which penetrated into Italy with the Greek colonists. For this reason, there are both Etruscan (general concept of the temple, decor and statues) and Greek (columns and their location) elements in the temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus. The obtained results demonstrate that, in general, the ancient tradition as a whole accurately conveys everything related to the religion and temple construction. The works of ancient authors reflect the evolution of religious beliefs and its impact on the life of people. The results of the study are important for the reconstruction of religious life in ancient Rome and Latium.
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Articolul prezintă tezaurul monetar din secolele XVI-XVII descoperit la Tanacu (jud. Vaslui).
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Articolul prezintă un tezaur monetar din secolele XVII-XVIII descoperit la Cleja (Jud. Bacău)
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Review of: Nina Lau: Pilgramsdorf/Pielgrzymowo. Ein Fundplatz der römischen Kaiserzeit in Nordmasowien. Eine Studie zu Archivalien, Grabsitten und Fundbestand. (Studien zur Siedlungsgeschichte und Archäologie der Ostseegebiete, Bd. 11.) Wachholtz. Neumünster 2012. 219 S., Ill., graph. Darst., Kt., dt., engl. u. poln. Zusfass. ISBN 978-3-529-01371-3. (€ 50,–.). Reviewed by Jens Schneeweiß.
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Despite longstanding archaeological research in Nicopolis ad Nestum in Roman Thracia, the site still has not yielded any conclusive evidence on its foundation date. Instead, the debate has long been focused on scanty numismatic and ancient literary sources, pointing largely to city’s Trajanic origins. Latest attempts to re-evaluate the situation in favour of an earlier enterprise taken by the triumvir Mark Antony in the last years of the Roman Republic are much disputable. Along with many arguments denying Nicopolis’s Antonian foundation, the present paper discusses several neglected documents – military diplomas, issued to veteran-sailors from the Ravenna fleet in the summer of AD 142 after 26 years of service. Three copies speak of “Nicopolis ex Bessia” as sailors’ home, which is to be identified with Nicopolis ad Nestum. Peculiar expression “ex Bessia” is not to be understood strictly formulaic as “city ex province” (i.e. “ex Thracia”), as is the case with the majority of later documents, but rather as a residual practice from the 1st century in designating the tribal home of the veterans. In a larger sense it is the territory (or at least part of it) of the Thracian Bessi. The evidence is met by Pliny (NH 4.11.40), and his “Bessorumque multa nomina” inhabiting the Middle Mesta (Nestus) region. Thus “Nicopolis ex Bessia” has entered military records upon soldiers’ recruitment in AD 116, marking a new-born civic foundation and the still incipient phase of organizing the urban territory within the larger tribal area of the Bessi. Therefore, the discharge documents in question can only confirm the information from other sources and in the same time to narrow the foundation date of Nicopolis ad Nestum under Trajan somewhere between AD 107, after the Dacian wars, and the emperor’s Parthian campaign of AD 116.
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Articolul prezintă informații cu privire la curtea domnească din Iași.
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Articolul prezintă așezarea medievală din secolele XIV-XV de la Curtea Domnească - Bacău.
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