Българо-гръцки хибриди (NOMINA LOCI)

Author(s): Natalia Sotirova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The subjects of this paper are the place names with roots of Greek origin and Bulgarian suffixes. The material is excerpted from various Bulgarian etymological dictionaries and research works dedicated to Greek loan-words in Bulgarian language. In terms of methodology, the paper is based on a comprehensive method combining the theoretical synchronic concepts of the Czech linguist M. Dokulil and the diachronic ones of the etymological and historical word formation. Hybrid forms are put to a word formation analysis and classified by word formation types.

Zoonimska sastavnica frazema kojima se opisuju čovjekove osobine : (na građi njemačkog i bosanskog jezika)

Author(s): Belma Prndelj-Šator / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,German,Serbian

НОВИТЕ ОТГЛАГОЛНИ СЪЩЕСТВИТЕЛНИ ИМЕНА В БЪЛГАРСКИЯ ЕЗИК

Author(s): Nadezhda Kostova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article deals with new verbal nouns in Bulgarian language, which are formed with the suffix -ne (-не). Observations were made on word formation and lexical semantics of new verbal nouns. Study finds that most of new verbal nouns are motivated by new verbs, but some of them are motivated by names and these verbal names are formed with complex suffixes. The new names with suffixes -tsia (-ция) and -ne (-не) are in competition. Neologisms with suffix -ne and borrowings from English ending in -ing are also in competition. Some of neologisms with suffix -ne appear before the verbs. Most of neologisms with suffix -ne are much more usable than the verbs. Neologisms with suffix -ne are used as terms.

НЕОЛОГИЗМИТЕ В СЪВРЕМЕННИЯ МЕДИЦИНСКИ ДИСКУРС

Author(s): Nadezhda Nikolova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Modern medical discourse reflects the dynamic changes into the Bulgarian speech fortunes. The global world directly reflected in the finest layer of medical terminology international neologiya, and also nominating new concepts and processes. Medical terminology is a layer of lexical fund with its specific features. In the modern stage development medical terms are widely colloquially used in the literary language, in healthcare, in medical practice. New technologies and dynamic economic processes are a prerequisite for the development of linguistic processes and events. Lexical innovation is a constant process, which evolve and enriches the language. Modern medical terminology over the past two decades is constantly filled with many new lexical resources as a result of the development of medical science. These are words and complex terms or phrases which are approved in a specific professional field. At the beginning of the XXI century English managed to become the dominant means of communication between people worldwide. This fact contributes to the entry of words with English origin in medical discourse. At this stage the medical neologiya is an open system of lexical-semantic relationships. Based on the structure of terms, the following basic terminology types are: single words-terms (ednoleksemes) and terms - phrases (polileksemes). In recent years as a result of which the speech is enriched with synonymous funds for communication purposes, there has been active using of new medical neologisms in modern medical discourse.

ÄNDERUNGEN DER PRESSESPRACHE NACH DER WENDE IN DEN DEUTSCHEN TAGESZEITUNGEN

Author(s): Tomash Godish / Language(s): German Publication Year: 0

This article deals with the changes in press-language in German daily press during the period from 1988 to 2013. Its goal is to present the most important results of the press-language analysis. It documents changes in stylistic shade, language economy (sentence length) and in the range of vocabulary of foreign origin. An attempt is also made to formulate the development trends of the present language of daily press. The research focused on 55 editions of the most widespread quality newspapers (FAZ, ND-Zeitung) and tabloids (BILD) in Germany. In last chapter author also deals with the GDR-vocabulary with the aim to demonstrate its assimilation into the westgerman language variant.

Lexikón stredovekých miest na Slovensku

Author(s): / Language(s): Slovak,English

Słowiańskie słowniki gwarowe - tradycja i nowatorstwo

Author(s): / Language(s): Russian,Czech,Polish,Belarusian

The volume is a collection of articles dealing with the presentation of dialect material in the form of dictionaries. The texts describe various aspects of Slavic lexicography and constitute a synthesis of the achievement of scholars from the Slavic area. Presented are the latest accomplishments of research on Slavic vocabulary, including the conceptions of new dictionaries and the progress of those that are in the works. Importantly, these developments are discussed by the authors of the dictionaries. Also significant are the articles overviewing the lexicographical legacy of particular Slavic countries.

Фитоними в книжовната практика на славяносръбския език (в съпоставка със съвременните книжовни норми в сръбски и български)

Author(s): Gabriela Stoynev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

In this report, as a research material, will be used one less known and poorly researched literary monument: Рѣчникъ малы: въ вяɴиѣ, при Г. Стефаɴѣ Новаковичъ, къ Слвеɴɴо-Се́рбской, Валахiйской и Восто́чɴыхъ ˫азы́ковъ Привилег. Тупографiй. 1793. The focus will be on a certain of phytonims. The lexical proximity between three language forms will be traced: 1. „slavonic-serbian“, 2. Serbian contemporary literary norm, 3. contemporary Bulgarian literary norm

FERHENGA BIRÛSKÎ Kurmanji – English Dictionary Volume One: A – L

Author(s): Michael L. Chyet / Language(s): English,Kurdish

Ferhenga Biruski is the go-to dictionary for Kurmanji a dialect of Kurdish spoken originally in parts of Iran, Iraq, Syria, Turkey while also being common among a large diaspora of Kurds in Europe, North America and elsewhere. This comprehensive Kurmanji-English dictionary is prepared in two volumes by Michael L. Chyet, a renowned linguist with extensive knowledge of the major dialects of Kurdish. This dictionary is an essential reference source for linguists and others interested in Kurdish language and people.“The second edition of my Kurmanji-English dictionary, which I would like to call “Ferhenga Birûskî” to honor the memory of my beloved friend and colleague Birûsk Tugan, contains considerably more entries, and in many cases offers fuller information on earlier entries. In addition, I have found and corrected several typographical errors. Moreover, it is to be accompanied by a companion English to Kurdish volume. […] It is my goal to accurately reflect the language as it exists today, providing variant spellings, synonyms, and regional usage, as well as etymologies. The late Iranist D.N. MacKenzie advised me early on to avoid filling my dictionary with “ghost words”. He suggested that I base all the entries in my dictionary on texts (both written and orally generated), to ensure that I am reflecting the language as it is used by its speakers. The earlier dictionaries include words of unknown provenance, which may have no existence outside those pages.”

Caused Motion: Secondary Agent Constructions

Author(s): Naděžda Kudrnáčová / Language(s): English

Secondary agent constructions (SA constructions) represent verb-class specific constructions (in the sense of Croft 2003). The reasons are as follows: (a) SA constructions include a narrowly defined set of verbs and (b) the resulting meaning is derived from the interaction between the meaning of the verbs and the meaning of the construction, involving a very specific causal structuration (as regards the form of SA constructions, directional phrases can be missing, depending on the type of scenario). Heavy restrictions imposed on the repertory of verbs that are admitted into these constructions have been explained in the literature by the inherently monadic, non-causative nature of these verbs. It has often been claimed in the relevant literature that manner of motion is not syntactically relevant. However, owing to the apparent restrictions imposed on the syntactic applicability of self-agentive manner of motion verbs (including their usability in SA constructions), it is evident that the claim cannot be maintained. Boas (2006, 2008) has shown convincingly that there are connections between the verb’s descriptivity (roughly, the complexity and specificity of the verb´s meaning) and the range of syntactic patterns into which the verb may enter. Nevertheless, his account does not make clear exactly which elements of the verb´s meaning decide the verb’s usability in SA constructions (and in some other types of syntactic patterns).

La imagen del gitano en la lexicografía española

Author(s): Ivo Buzek / Language(s): Spanish

The monograph deals with the history of treatment that receive lexical units of Gypsy origin in Spanish monolingual dictionaries, especially in the editions of the normative Spanish Royal Academy dictionary of the Spanish language. The issue is being studied from the quantitative as well as qualitative point of view, i.e. the evolution of definitions, lexicographical marcs and etymological notes. Special attention is paid to the evolution of their treatment in the microstructure. The results from Spanish Royal Academy dictionary are then compared with the treatment that receive these words in the dictionary of contemporary Spanish by Manuel Seco et al.

Aspectos problemáticos de la prefijación en español

Author(s): Petr Stehlík / Language(s): Spanish

The monograph aims to provide a clear and concise insight into theoretical problems related to prefixation in modern Spanish. Besides the explanation of some phenomena that contradict the traditional definition of prefix as an unstressed morpheme that does not change the lexical category of the base, special attention is paid to the still open debate on the status of prefixation (i.e. if it can be considered a type of derivation or compounding) and to the problematic classification of the Greek and Latin bound roots (the so-called prefixoids).

Problém delimitace některých slovotvorných postupů a prostředků ve španělštině

Author(s): Petr Stehlík / Language(s): Czech

This monograph focuses on word formation processes that have been assigned to the field of lexical morphology in traditional Spanish linguistics (i.e. suffixation, prefixation, interfixation, parasynthesis, and composition). Their precise delimitation establishes a whole series of interesting theoretical questions. This work aims to clarify the reasons for the definitional and classification irregularities in representative grammars and treatises on word formation, and on the bases of detailed analyses of the above-mentioned neological processes to map out the transitional areas between derivation and inflection, derivation and composition, and composition and phraseology. This is an issue that has not yet been tackled comprehensively and extensively in the Spanish-specialized literature.

FERHENGA BIRÛSKÎ - English- Kurmanji Volume 3

Author(s): Michael L. Chyet / Language(s): English,Kurdish

Ferhenga Biruski English-Kurmanji Dictionary Vol. 3 - A-Z . Ferhenga Biruski is the go-to dictionary for Kurmanji Kurdish spoken in parts of Iran, Iraq, Syria, Turkey while also being common among a large diaspora of Kurds in Europe, North America and elsewhere. This comprehensive Kurmanji-English dictionary is prepared in two volumes by Michael L. Chyet, a renowned linguist with extensive knowledge of the major dialects of Kurdish. This dictionary is an essential reference source for linguists and others interested in Kurdish language and people.“The second edition of my Kurmanji-English dictionary, which I would like to call “Ferhenga Birûskî” to honor the memory of my beloved friend and colleague Birûsk Tugan, contains considerably more entries, and in many cases offers fuller information on earlier entries. In addition, I have found and corrected several typographical errors. Moreover, it is to be accompanied by a companion English to Kurdish volume. […] It is my goal to accurately reflect the language as it exists today

FERHENGA BIRÛSKÎ - Kurmanji-English Volume 2 - M - Z

Author(s): Michael L. Chyet / Language(s): English,Kurdish

Ferhenga Biruski Dictionary Volume 2 - M-Z; Ferhenga Biruski is the go-to dictionary for Kurmanji a dialect of Kurdish spoken originally in parts of Iran, Iraq, Syria, Turkey while also being common among a large diaspora of Kurds in Europe, North America and elsewhere. This comprehensive Kurmanji-English dictionary is prepared in two volumes by Michael L. Chyet, a renowned linguist with extensive knowledge of the major dialects of Kurdish. This dictionary is an essential reference source for linguists and others interested in Kurdish language and people.“The second edition of my Kurmanji-English dictionary, which I would like to call “Ferhenga Birûskî” to honor the memory of my beloved friend and colleague Birûsk Tugan, contains considerably more entries, and in many cases offers fuller information on earlier entries. In addition, I have found and corrected several typographical errors. Moreover, it is to be accompanied by a companion English to Kurdish volume. […] It is my goal to accurately reflect the language as it exists today.”

Poprawność językowa w praktyce. Zbiór ćwiczeń

Author(s): Katarzyna Burska,Bartłomiej Cieśla / Language(s): Polish

The reader will find here a collection of exercises in the correct use of the Polish language. The book has been designed as a classroom help for teachers on the one hand, and on the other – as a concise self-study guidebook for people who would like to improve their language skills.Pupils, students, journalists, editors, proofreaders, employees of advertising and copywriting agencies are the principal target audience, although all Polish-language enthusiasts are more than welcome to make good use of it. From the introduction “An undeniable advantage of the book is that it takes note of the latest changes that have been occurring in contemporary Polish. We should appreciate the work of the young scientists who have made the effort to prepare a new and original set of exercises revealing the complexity of the Polish grammar and its inherent vigor, and at the same time showed the transient character of existing codifications. ”From the review by prof. dr hab. Leszek Tymiakin

Arapçada Zaman Kalıpları: Kullanım Alanları ve Türkçedeki Zamanlarla Karşılaştırılması

Author(s): Mehmet Ali Şimşek / Language(s): Turkish

Time is a phenomenon interlinked with an act because an act must occur at a specific time. There are three foundational times in all languages. These are past, present, and future. The time of occurrence for a specific action is indicated in Arabic by the verb because it expresses the time of action. Verbs in Arabic get separated into three forms: the perfect, the imperfect, and the imperative, a version derived from the imperfect. The basis of the time system in Arabic is composed of these three forms. The perfect indicates the past, the imperfect indicates both the present and the future, and the imperative indicates the future time. These times expressed by verbs are morphological times which the verbs provide independent of any context. Time can also be expressed with forms other than verbs. These forms are the active participle, the passive participle, the verbal noun, and the infinitive. Time expressions of these forms occur when used within sentences. This is called syntactical time. Syntactical time can only be understood by looking at the whole sentence. Because the factor that expresses the tense, here, is the fluency of the sentence and the context of it, rather than the forms used. When associated with syntactical time, the perfect can refer to present tense and future tense. The same goes for the imperfect as well, it may refer to the past tense. The time indicated by the verbs and the other forms -which act as verbs- can be inferred with the knowledge of their either linguistic or situational con-text. Prepositions especially provide for these tense changes that occur in sentences. For example, the imperfect verb used with ﻢـْ ﻟَ and ﺎﻤﱠﻟَ indicates the past tense, and the perfect verb used with the conditional preposition نْإِ refers to the future tense. The imperfect verb; except for ﻢـْ ﻟَ and ﺎﻤﱠﻟَ , when it comes as meczum or as mansup, refers to past tense, and refers to future tense when it gets used as merfu. Therefore, to understand the tense of a sentence in Arabic one must recognize the prepositions in it. Apart from prepositions, which provide linguistic con-text, the expression of time can also be determined by the situation at the moment of utterance. The situational context, which we call hâlî karine, plays a major role in determining the tense expressed by verbs and nouns which get used instead of verbs. In the first part of our study, The Forms of the Time in Arabic, Their Places in Use and Comparison with the Times in Turkish, occurrences of the morphological and the syntactical times are observed along with their usage areas. In the second part, Arabic counterparts of Turkish Forms of time are given and compared. By doing so, it is aimed to make learning and teaching the forms of time, in Turkish and Arabic Languages, easier.

Jezik i grafija krajišničkih pisama

Author(s): Lejla Nakaš / Language(s): Bosnian

Aft er Bosnia had fallen under the Turkish rule, literary language of the Middle Ages disintegrated into Serbian Church-Slavic in orthodox, and štokavian vernacular in Catholic cultural circle. Traces of the medieval language are also infiltrated in the early expression of Bosniaks, written in national language, particularly in the corps of the letters which originate from border regions. Th is should mean that Bosniaks are its inheritors too.But, a lack of objective parameters in previous research of the mentioned letters, brought to extra-linguistic assessments and arbitrary judgments of the issue who were the scribes of those letters. Considering the crucial importance of the scribes in the final shaping of language expression, the question of the scribal authorship of Bosnian border region letters emerged as a problem that should be solved through firm criteria deriving from the very letters, their language particularity, graphic solutions and orthographic customs.Th e establishment of criteria which would refer to the letters themselves is even more indispensable since the researchers, who represented /defended the stand on Bosniak authorship, based their arguments mainly on assumptions deriving from motifs of folk epics as well as on last traces of the existence of bosanic literacy in the 20th century.In this research four criteria are isolated for determining authorship,which relate to the influence of the usage of Arebica on bosančica: diacritical dots on letters, existence of only one grapheme for /č/ and /c/, mixture of graphemes for /u/ and /o/ and euphonious consonant groups.

LEKSIKOLOGIJA I LEKSIKOGRAFIJA I

Author(s): / Language(s): Bosnian,Bulgarian,Russian,Slovenian,Serbian,Montenegrine

Međunarodni naučni skup “Leksikografski postupak u različitim tipovima referentnih djela” održan je u Sarajevu 27–28. maja 2022. godine. Organizator skupa bio je Centar za leksikologiju i leksikografiju Odjeljenja humanističkih nauka u saradnji s Federalnim ministarstvom obrazovanja i nauke, a domaćin Akademija nauka i umjetnosti Bosne i Hercegovine. Skup je otvorio akademik Muris Čičić, predsjednik ANUBiH-a. Zbog pandemije koronavirusa Organizacioni odbor odlučio se za hibridno odvijanje skupa: uživo i onlajn. U radu skupa sudjelovali su lingvisti iz Bosne i Hercegovine, Bugarske, Crne Gore, Poljske, Rusije, SAD-a, Slovenije i Srbije. Podneseni referati i plodna diskusija pokazali su savremeno stanje i dostignuća leksikološko-leksikografskih istraživanja u Bosni i Hercegovini, srednjojužnoslavenskom i drugim (južno)slavenskim jezicima i šire. U ovom zborniku objavljuju se radovi koje su autori blagovremeno dostavili Organizacionom odboru. Prilozi obrađuju različite teme u referentnim djelima i korpusima. Iz raznih uglova i koristeći različite metode propituju jezičku prošlost i sadašnjost, dijalekatsku i terminološku leksiku, savremene opisne i specijalne jednojezičke i dvojezičke rječnike te enciklopedije. Prilozi nisu grupirani tematski; nižu se abecednim redom prema prezimenima autora. U vrijeme održavanja skupa upriličeno je gostujuće predavanje prof. dr. Danka Šipke (Arizona, SAD) o temi “Geografija riječi”. Zbornik okončava tekstom tog predavanja. Zahvaljujemo autoricama i autorima priloga, recenzentici i recenzentu te svima koji su pomogli u organizaciji skupa i izdavanju zbornika. Nadamo se da će zbornik naći svoje čitaoce među lingvistima, etnolozima, antropolozima i u širem krugu zainteresiranih za leksikološko-leksikografske teme.

Nošení dětí v lingvistice

Author(s): Iveta Dokoupilová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Příspěvek se zabývá představením sesbíraného lexika rodičovského sociolektu internetových diskusních fór zachycujících fenomén nošení dětí. Spolu s definicí 52 nových výrazů sociolektu prezentuje prostředí internetových diskusních fór a jeho specifika. Znázorněny jsou rovněž metody interpretace celostní filologie, tj. využitého aparátu pro zkoumání rodičovského sociolektu.