CEEOL - Browse Subjects Result

We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.

Prevoditelji znakovnoga jezika – kako ih vide korisnici usluge prevođenja

Author(s): Sanja Tarczay,Ljubica Pribanić / Language(s): English,Croatian Issue: 2/2014

The aim of this preliminary study was to examine the attitudes of deaf, hard-of-hearing, and deaf-blind people towards Croatian Sign Language (HZJ) interpreters in relation to their linguistic competence, ethics, and behavior during the interpreting process, as well as the personal characteristics of the interpreter. The study examined attitudes toward ethical standards that should be respected during interpreting to a deaf or hard-of-hearing person, especially in contexts where interpreting for deaf-blind persons with dual sensory impairment is carried out. Users of a sign language interpreter did express the importance of the quality of the interpreter and the interpreting process. They want a professional expert, implying a high level of competence in at least two languages (language skills and knowledge about the language), in our case HZJ and spoken Croatian. It is also necessary to have a good knowledge (theoretical and practical) of both cultures and strict adherence to the ethical principles of the profession. Since the tested groups of users of sign language interpreter services differ significantly in their answers, as determined by discriminant analysis and univariate analysis of variance, as well as post hoc analysis, this pilot study should serve as a basis for further, more detailed research on the relationship between interpreter service providers and recipients of those services – members of the deaf or deaf-blind community.

More...

Change in Word Meanings as One of the Features Signifying the Development of Computer Terms

Author(s): Vilija Celiešienė / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

The article aims to analyse the change in meanings of standard language words viewed as a result of the development of computer terms. Words that, in the process of terminologisation and transterminologisation, have been transferred to computer terms from standard language or other subject fields and included in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Computer Terms (Enciklopedinis kompiuterijos žodynas 2012) are analysed. The objects of the research were simple semantic formations and caiques, all of which were standard Lithuanian language words that either turned into terms in the field of computer terms or were transferred from other subject fields by inner borrowing. The research carried out has shown that most of the terms studied are semantic caiques formed – albeit merely outwardly – using own linguistic means yet having borrowed, most likely from English, their very concept and its definition. The Encyclopedic Dictionary of Computer Terms contains only a few single-word computer terms whose new meaning originated from the Lithuanian language and that could be regarded as semantic formations.

More...

The Terms in the Special Language: Norms, Usage, and Tendency

Author(s): Virginija Stankevičienė / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

One of the most important issues of terminology remains term variance (or synonymy). In order to find out the trends of terms usage in the language for specific purposes, the comprehensive analysis of dictionaries, coursebooks, students’ survey was carried out. It allowed to determine prevalent types in the terminology of economics and chemistry, to analyze the prevalence of Lithuanian and international terms synonymy, term usage tendencies in students’ language and academic texts. Summarizing the investigation results it can be stated that in the special language of economics and chemistry, term variants were both presented in dictionaries and used by teachers.

More...

Изучение иностранного языка и ИКТ: взаимосвязь возраста обучаемых и степени использования ИКТ

Author(s): Ivana Grabar,Tea Glavaš / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2016

Being a driving force in almost every aspect of contemporary life, information technologies have become an integral part of the foreign language (FL) learning process. Computer-mediated communication (CMC) tools are being more frequently used for social and professional activities, such as language learning. Due to their entertainment aspect, both the general use of computer and the use of computer assisted language learning (CALL) in the classroom could exert a beneficial effect on learners’ motivation to learn, especially for those learners expressing interest in technology. Taking into account the potential motivational power of technology use, this research attempts to explore the difference displayed across various age groups in relation to technology use in general, and especially in the FL learning context. More specifically, the research seeks to examine the motivation in using technology, the frequency and form of technology use, learner beliefs about computer use in FL learning, and the effect of its use on learner motivation to invest effort in learning. The sample included high school learners, learners at the university level and learners over 30 years of age. The data was collected by means of a questionnaire which had been adapted to the needs of students, i.e. various age groups, and analyzed using the SPSS software. The results confirmed the strong significant effect of the age-related factor on learner attitudes toward technology use, its application, and potentially beneficial impact on FL learning as well as on its motivational power in the FL learning context.

More...

Statistilised meetodid ühendverbide tuvastamisel tekstikorpusest.

Author(s): Aedmaa Eleri / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 11/2015

The present article compares lexical association measures (AMs) for automatic extraction of Estonian particle verbs from the newspaper part of the Estonian Reference Corpus. The main purpose of this study is to ascertain the best symmetrical AM for Estonian particle verb extraction. The central focus lies on the impact of the corpus size on the performance of the compared symmetrical association measures. In addition, asymmetrical AMs have been included in the study to observe their suitability for Estonian particle verb extraction. Five symmetrical association measures have been used, namely the t-test, log-likelihood, ǒ2, mutual information, and minimum sensitivity, as well as two asymmetrical association measures, namely FRQGLWLRQDO SUREDELOLW\ DQG Ʃ3 7KH DVVRFLDWLRQ PHDVXUHV ZHUH FRPSDUHG DJDLQVW the co-occurrence frequency of verb and verbal particle. The analysis of the comparison reveals that the t-test achieved the best precision values and the corpus size has an impact on the performance of the AMs. As the corpus size increased, the performances of the t-test, log-likelihood, ǒ2 and minimum sensitivity increased and the precision of mutual information decreased. The performance of (simple) frequency did not change significantly as the size of the corpus increased. The comparison of symmetrical and asymmetrical AMs revealed that asymmetrical association measures are suitable for the task of Estonian particle verb extraction and provide slightly different and more detailed information about the extracted particle verbs. The results presented in this article confirm that further study of asymmetrical AMs is necessary and more experiments are needed to broaden our knowledge of the performance of asymmetrical AMs.

More...

Leksikosemantiliste suhete hägusus Eesti Wordnetis

Author(s): Heili Orav,Sirli Zupping,Kadri Vare / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 60/2014

This paper gives an overview of the principles of wordnets in general and focuses mainly on the Estonian Wordnet (EstWN). The latest version of EstWN consists of more than 72,000 concepts and 51 different lexical relations are used to form a network of more than 230,000 semantic relations between concepts. The main relations that EstWN uses are hyperonymy, meronymy, involvement and fuzzynyms (in Princeton WordNet, for example, hyperonymy is the most implemented relation). Of course the richness of different types of relations creates problems and unclear determination of these relations. In case of hyperonyms the developers of EstWN have encountered problems in choosing preferably only one suitable hyperonym for each concept. When dealing with meronymy the more specific relations – involved location, involved direction (both source and target direction) – are inconsistently determined. There are, however, no significant problems with involved instrument and involved agent relations. In PWN there is no involved location of direction relation explicitly available. Meronymy relations are often associated with the problems of connecting encyclopedic concepts to those of general language, for example how to connect the concept ‘bird’ to a specific bird species. In EstWN the general language vocabulary is well covered, specific domain vocabularies are also incorporated (architecture, medicine, economy etc.) and it would be useful to connect specific vocabulary to general language vocabulary. The paper proposes that the answer to this problem could be the complementary information provided from domain labels. The last semantic relation discussed in this paper deals with fuzzynymy, since this is the third used relation in EstWN. Fuzzynymy is a free association relation, but it is clear that some groups form out of the fuzzynymy relation that can be defined as new specific relations in Estonian. Recently EstWN has become an increasingly used resource in Estonian language technology, and as such it is important to improve the quality and consistency of relations in addition to increasing the amount of concepts in EstWN in different domains.

More...

Lietuviško balso sintezatorių kokybės vertinimas

Author(s): Pijus Kasparaitis / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 28/2016

Text-to-speech synthesis of most popular languages is widely used for several decades, while the Lithuanian text-to-speech synthesis breakthrough occurred only in recent years. Six new Lithuanian synthetic voices appeared in 2013-2015. Therefore, there was a need to evaluate the newly created Lithuanian text-to-speech synthesizers. This paper presents a chronological review of the current Lithuanian text-to-speech synthesizers. Unit selection algorithm that was implemented in recent synthesizers SINT.AS and LIEPA and selection procedure of announcers are described in more detail because they were crucial to the synthesized voice quality. The main characteristics of synthetic voice are intelligibility and acceptability; they are assessed by involving human-listeners and the received data are processed by statistical methods. Thus, this paper will investigate nine recent Lithuanian synthetic voices (Regina, Edvardas, Aistė, Vladas, Laima, Marijus, Egidius, Aistis 2, Gintaras) and evaluate what intelligibility of a synthetic voice is actually achieved, which synthesizer is better when comparing them with each other, to give advice to potential synthetic voice application developers when choosing a synthesizer voices and finally to show synthesizer developers the most promising areas of improvement.

More...

Syntactically Coded Corpus of Spoken Lithuanian: Developmental Issues and Pilot Studies

Author(s): Ingrida Balčiūnienė,Laura Kamandulytė-Merfeldienė / Language(s): English Issue: 28/2016

The paper deals with the main methodological issues of development of the Corpus of Spoken Lithuanian with particular attention to its syntactic coding and applications for automatized language analysis. First, we consider a methodology of development of the Corpus as well as the principles of transcribing and coding Lithuanian speech data. The main concepts, such as “utterance” “sentence”, etc. are discussed. Second, we present results of a pilot study in interrogatives that are typical for natural spontaneous spoken Lithuanian. Results of the automatized analysis of interrogatives revealed that a frequency and distribution of the Wh- and yes/ no questions is rather similar. Among the Wh- questions, the questions non-containing the interrogative particle seem to be dominant, while the questions containing the interrogative particle at the beginning ot at the end were much rarer. Among the different functional subtypes of Wh- questions, adverbial ones seem to be the most freequent; among the adverbial Wh- questions, the spatial ones were the most frequent. Certainly, the present study is rather pilot due to the novelty of automatized syntactic approach to the data of spoken Lithuanian, thus much more complex studies still await for future investigations. A use of interrogative sentences will be studied from the perspective of different genres (e.g., monologue vs dialogue), social characteristic of the speakers, and a situation of conversation (e.g., public vs private speech). Generally, we believe that future systematic corpus-based research of spontaneous spoken language will give more possibilities to identify, evaluate, and elaborate the development of the Lithuanian language.

More...

Limited common ground, unlimited communicative success.

Author(s): Daria Bahtina-Jantsikene,Ad Backus / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

Previous research on Estonian-Russian interaction suggests that lingua receptiva (LaRa), or Receptive Multilingualism, has the potential to create, boost or restore common ground, or mutual understanding, in situations where common ground is jeopardized. This mode is characterized by the simultaneous use of multiple languages as interlocutors each speak their mother tongue and count on the receptive skills of the other. Alignment in the LaRa mode was tested in a series of experiments. Th e use of various meta-communicative strategies provided insight into the mechanisms behind LaRa. Their distribution was influenced somewhat by L2 proficiency and exposure to multilingual communicative situations. Interestingly, higher L2 knowledge was not a prerequisite for success. Moreover, it was the composition of the dyad rather than the characteristics of the individuals that had predictive power regarding communicative success.

More...

Metódy tvorby máp Slovanského jazykového atlasu

Author(s): Anna Ramšáková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 02/2016

The main idea of the following paper is to bring to a wider professional community methodology of the map´s preparation for lexical-word-formation series of the international research project Slavic Linguistic Atlas, which has not yet been given more attention. As an example we use the preparation of a separate dialect map Sl 1844° ‘старая женщина’ (‘old woman’), a legends pertaining to it and a commentary for the upcoming volume within aforementioned series of Atlas – Family relationships.

More...

База данных прагматически маркированной лексики русского языка: материал, принципы описания, возможности использования

Author(s): Elena Yurievna Bulygina,Tatiana Alexandrovna Tripolskaya / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2016

Among the most significant current issues in the field of structural, systematic and communicative description of lexical meanings are identifying pragmatically marked lexical items, classification of various micro-components comprising the larger structure of the pragmatic macro-component within the lexical meaning, and examining their communicative potential. The solution of these theoretical problems is considered as a necessary condition of creating ap-propriate models for lexicographic description and typology of Pragmatically Marked Lexicon within active type dictionaries or/ and in special computer databases.In the present project the attention is drawn to such essential problems of Pragmatic Semantics as the “speaker – language sign” interrelations. The problem that demands a combined systematic, structural and communicative approach is description of lexical meanings. There are certain pragmatically marked elements of human lexicon that should be revealed and de-scribed systematically. The project explores the integral model of lexical meaning, including pragmatic macro components; describes the structure, content, variable potential and implementation of pragmatic semantics in different types of discourse; analyzes the ways how pragmatic semantics can be lexicographically presented in dictionaries of different types; develops the concept of lexico-graphical interpretation of pragmatically labeled items within the Russian lexical system.The applied component of the project is creating a computer database of pragmatically marked vocabulary, available for a wide range of users: researchers, linguistic experts, inter-preters and teachers of the Russian language. The described computer database of pragmatically marked vocabulary is based on the Russian and international experience in corpus and computational linguistics.

More...

База данных метафорической терминологии: концептуальное проектирование

Author(s): Natalia Aleksandrovna Mishankina,Elena Aleksandrovna Panasenko / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2016

This paper presents stages and problems of conceptual design of metaphorical terminology database never before being the subject of description. The linguistic databases have been developing rapidly for the past decades but their development has not been completed. The purpose of the article is to define the principles of conceptual design of metaphorical terminology database. The interdisciplinary project presented in the paper is based on the system of methodo-logic research areas and methods: the theory of conceptual metaphors in research of metaphor-ical terminology and the theory of conceptual design of relational databases in the process of formation of linguistic resource conceptual structure. The paper presents and explains 1) the conceptual structure of metaphorical terminology database developed from: a range of prob-lems which are solved by this database; the analysis of research areas (metaphorical terminol-ogy of various scientific fields: scientific-and-technological – geologic, oilgas terminology, in-formation technologies, humanitarian – term systems of psychology, linguistics, philosophy, sociology, natural science - medicine, biology, ecology); data represented in works on research of metaphorical conceptualization in term systems. 2) Core and peripheral objects of scientific fields and relations between them are identified on the basis of which infological scheme of the database is formed. 3) The objects’ attributes are identified and datalogical scheme of relational database is formed. The developed structure is originally realized with the use of relational DBMS Microsoft Access.

More...

Гендерные стереотипы и русская лексикография

Author(s): Valerii Anatolievich Efremov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2016

The article is devoted to different ways of gender linguistic analysis of a vocabulary entry that is directed to find gender stereotypes and asymmetries in it. The target goal of the research is to reveal different means of direct or indirect transmission of elements, which conceptualize gender aspects of the linguistic view of the world in the lexicographic text as a culture translator. In the course of the analysis supported by modern social cognition and gender stereotypes theories miscellaneous ways of stereotypes’ functioning in the lexicographic texts are identified. The stereotypes might appear in the field of label system, supporting data, word selection, or explanatory tradition. The comparative lexicographic analysis of мужик (muzhik) and баба (baba) in basic Russian dictionaries of 18th – 21st centuries provides gender stereotypes of the Russian linguoculture consideration in diachronic aspect. The analysis of changes in filiation, semantization or stylistical marking of some ethnospecific basic concept ‘man’ and ‘woman’ verbalizers’ meanings allows to see transformation along with preservation of beliefs on the gender organization of the Russian society. In conclusion, lexicographers do not always perceive gender stereotypes, which used to characterize previous centuries and reveal worldview of a different society according to its gender roles structure, because of this or that tradition in explanation of basic cultural words and the linguistic view of the world. The underlying reasons for preserving these stereotypes are as follows: firstly, it is incongruity of cognitive and linguistic views of the world, secondly, it is dialectic nature of correlation between constants and transformations in the language.

More...

Дискурсивная конструкция N В ТОМ, ЧТО и ее параллели в других языках: контрастивное корпусное исследование

Author(s): Dmitrij Olegovich Dobrovol’skij,Ludmila Pöppel / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2016

The present investigation deals with parallel corpus data in Russian, English, German and Swedish. On the basis of an analysis of our findings we attempt to identify operational criteria that can be used to classify discursive constructions. The goal is to find a means for con-trasting fixed, idiomatic phrases, on the one hand, and compositional constructions that are close to free word groups, on the other. The research is based on the example of the Russian construction N v tom, čto and its parallels in English, German and Swedish. Parallel corpora are usually used to find ways of translating linguistic structures into other languages, to identify the language-specific features of linguistic units, or to improve their lexicographical descrip-tion. The present investigation is the first study to employ parallel corpus data to identify different types of Russian discursive constructions, and for that reason it can be viewed as a contribution to the development of the methodology of corpus studies. The pattern N v tom, čto in Rus-sian is represented by the following vatiants delo v tom, čto; problema v tom, čto; beda v tom, čto; sut’ v tom, čto; pravda v tom, čto; ideja v tom, čto, etc. Here we address three of them delo v tom, čto; problema v tom, čto and pravda v tom, čto. Of these three, only delo v tom, čto is lexicalized, i.e. can be regarded as a unit of the Russian lexicon. This is proved by the fact that translations of the expression into other languages primarily involve not its word-for-word cor-relates, but instead functional equivalents that formally have nothing in common with it. Two other constructions are most frequently translated word-for-word, which suggests that these can be regarded as free word groups. The empirical data were drawn from Sketch Engine and the RNC.

More...

Конструкции прилагательных с компонентом ДЛЯ РОД

Author(s): Galina Ivanovna Kustova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2016

The article deals with two kinds of adjective constructions with the same structures (A for Gen S), but different semantics – argument construction and comparative construction. The meaning of comparative construction: feature is atypical for a given object or class of objects: zharkiy dlya oseni den’ (‘hot day for autumn’). Comparative construction has implication: the opposite feature is typical. In argument construction dlya Rod (‘for Gen’) is argument, i.e. par-ticipant of the situation, denoted by adjective: neozhidanny dlya nas rezul’tat (‘unexpected re-sult for us’). Many adjectives have both constructions: neubeditelnye dlya nas dovody (‘unconvincing arguments for us’) – argument construction, dlya nas – participant of the situation; neubeditelnye dovody dlya takogo opytnogo advokata (‘unconvincing arguments for such an experienced lawyer’) – comparative construction. Dlyaconstruction is universal construction for adjectives (cf. Genitive for nouns). Dlya-construction expresses a wide set of meanings.

More...

TOWARDS THE APPLICATION OF SPEECH ACT THEORY TO OPINION MINING

Author(s): Agnieszka Pluwak / Language(s): English Issue: 16/2016

The paper refers to the pragmatics’ perspective on opinion mining in Polish and English, inspired by the discrepancy between the coverage of sentiment analysis and the market demand. An analysis of speech acts expressed in opinion texts reveals that almost half of all opinions include ways of indirect evaluation that might not get extracted while applying traditional methods of sentiment analysis based on direct evaluative vocabulary and polarity lexicons. Coding of sentiment with respect to speech acts could vastly broaden data mining results within an NLPsystem.

More...

Pomiędzy gramatyką a pragmatyką

Author(s): Ireneusz Bobrowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2 (226)/2016

In the article, the author tries to show the relationships between grammar and pragmatics from the point of view of language use in the media. Many sentences that the grammar of natural language is able to generate, will never be used in the texts. On the other hand, many sentences that are generated by the grammar of the natural language, are used in very different situations. These facts must be taken in to account both in linguistic research and media studies.

More...

4.50 €

Preview

Nekrolog w służbie propagandy

Author(s): Dominika Janus / Language(s): Polish Issue: 09/2016

On the basis of the material excerpted from two daily newspapers: Trybuna Ludu and Neues Deutschland, the author of this paper shows that obituaries can be also considered as texts in the service of PRL (Polish People’s Republic) and GDR (East Germany). Obituaries performed – like all other press genres – the ritual function and thus, albeit in a less direct way than typical propaganda texts, served the socialist state and its ideology. The following means of rituality confirm and consolidate the adopted values: structure of the obituary, fixed formulas, keywords, references to the past and the present, adjectives, and full titles of the deceased. Qualitative and quantitative analyses are conducted.

More...

Lingwistyka komputerowa dla języka polskiego: dziś i jutro

Author(s): Maciej Ogrodniczuk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2017

The article attempts at framing directions for future work on computational processing of Polish in theface of recent intensive development of electronic tools and resources and close co-operation between Polish research centres involved in computational linguistics. The author regards renewing the work on the National Corpus of Polish as the most important topic, naming it the basic resource for Polish linguisticsand listing the most urgent objectives: extension of the sources and linguistic representation as well as inclusionof diachronic, dialectical and parallel corpora. With respect to language technology, the author calls forenrichment of formal description of Polish with syntactic, semantic and discourse-feature representationand constant improvement of quality of tools and resources by means of co-operation between linguists andcomputer scientists.

More...

The Role of Conceptualization in Human Cognitive Activity

Author(s): Yevheniia Terniievska / Language(s): English Issue: 23/2023

The article analyzes the cognitive process of conceptualization, which is the process and the result of the mental construction of objects and phenomena. Conceptualization consists of the structuring of knowledge the awareness of specific information. Concepts, which are the result of conceptualization, form a separate system of interrelationships and subordination and thus compose the conceptosphere of national culture. A single concept can be expressed in several ways and at the same time a single word can express different concepts. The article emphasizes that the study of conceptualization strengthens the understanding of the role of concepts in forming a picture of the world. The result of conceptualization is not just a list of formed concepts, but also a conceptosphere as a system which includes both concepts and the connections between them.

More...