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Most of the male citizens of the former Yugoslavia who belong to the middle and older generations share the experience of having served in the Yugoslav People’s Army [Jugoslovenska narodna armija, henceforth the JNA]. The army service was mandatory for all men after they turned eighteen and/or graduated from high school (Milićević 2006: 266). Material signs of this shared experience are photographs made during the army service, which still may be found in family albums, boxes, and drawers in virtually every home in the former Yugoslav lands. The present analysis is based on narratives and photographs collected among the number of former Yugoslav men of all nationalities who served in the JNA
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The present study is intended to provide a comprehensive assessment of the status of women in rural areas in the country as compared with the status of their male counterparts in rural areas and with the population of both men and women in urban areas, thus providing a baseline with which to design concrete measures leading to the empowerment of women in rural areas.The study provides an analysis of existing legislative and policy frameworks and explores the extent of the social exclusion of women in rural areas, including their exclusion from the labour market, from local public and social life, and from participation in local decision-making processes. In addition to voicing the needs and challenges of women in rural areas and highlighting the gaps that need to be addressed to improve their status, the study identifies the available opportunities to challenge the barriers these women face.This study thus encourages policy-makers to take stock of the disadvantages and challenges experienced by women in rural areas but also to look beyond these impediments and explore the potential these women have for their own advancement and for the development of their communities. The study offers insights into the needs and concerns of rural women and encourages local as well as national policy-makers and decision-makers to review community development from the perspectives of women in rural areas. It calls for local and national policies to be adapted to the realities faced by these women in order to remove the barriers they face on a daily basis. Last but not least, the study underlines the urgent need to ensure that rural women are included in key decision-making processes.
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This report presents the findings and analysis generated by a needs assessment on gender and securi-ty sector reform (SSR) in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). The needs assessment is a joint initiative by the Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF) and two BiH civil society organiza-tions: the Atlantic Initiative and Žene Ženama with the objective to examine and outline national- and local-level good practices on gender and security sector reform (SSR), as well as areas where further improvements are required. This will enable the development of sustainable and locally-driven future initiatives on gender and SSR, and ensure stakeholder support.The report provides data and analysis on the current state of gender integration in the armed forces, police, judiciary, and penal institutions at the central, entity, and cantonal levels and Brčko District. The gender and security concerns discussed are considered within the current sociopolitical situation and institutional organization of BiH. The report examines the implementation of key national legislation and international instruments relevant for addressing gender in the security sector and explores the gender sensitivity of current policies and practices. Furthermore, the role of civil society organizations (CSOs) working on gender and security, and the forms of cooperation they have with state agencies and institutions, are examined.
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In this manual you will find a short theoretical introduction for a better understandingthe problems of cyberbullying and its gender dimension, together with the practical onesinformation and activities that can be used in lessons.
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Interviews by Želimir Bojević, with: 1. Goati, Vladimir 2. Gojković, Drinka 3. Milosavljević, Bogoljub 4. Mrvić-Petrović, Nataša 5. Šehić, Vehid 6. Nenadić, Nemanja 7. Ahel, Ivan 8. Ranković, Vera 9. Vujadinović, Dragica 10. Tošić, Desimir 11. Perović, Latinka 12. Cetinić, Goran 13. Samardžić, Nikola 14. Hadžić, Miroslav 15. Golubović, Zagorka 16. Minić, Jelica 17. Stojanović, Dubravka 18. Trkulja, Jovica 19. Mappes-Niediek, Norbert 20. Mitrović, Andrej 21. Radić, Radmila 22. Stevanović, Aleksandar 23. Mihailović, Srećko 24. Kuljić, Todor 25. Milenov, Alexandra 26. Delević-Đilas, Milica 27. Beč-Neumann, Janja 28. Kovačević, Marko 29. Trgovčević, Ljubinka 30. Prokić, Nenad 31. Biserko, Sonja 32. Popović, Srđa 33. Stamenković, Stojan 34. Kandić , Nataša 35. Miočinović, Mirjana 36. Stojiljković, Zoran 37. Prokopijević, Miroslav 38. Bogosavljević, Srđan 39. Kovacs-Cerović, Tünde 40. Milivojević, Snježana 41. Vodinelić, Vladimir V. 42. Đogović, Saša 43. Čupić, Čedomir 44. Podunavac, Milan 45. Lukić, Svetlana 46. Vučo, Aleksandar 47. Rak, Pavle 48. Popović-Obradović, Olga 49. Nosov, Andrej 50. Radunović, Desanka 51. Lazić, Mladen 52. Bugarski, Ranko 53. Korać, Nada 54. Rajčić, Biserka 55. Nikolić-Solomon, Dragana 56. Kovačević-Vučo, Biljana 57. Vukomanović, Milan 58. Bugarinović, Nebojša 59. Lilić, Stevan 60. Lukšić-Orlandić, Tamara 61. Timotić, Milorad 62. Stojanović, Lazar 63. Baucal, Aleksandar 64. Milić, Jelena 65. Havelka, Nenad 66. Jakšić, Božidar 67. Lyon, James 68. Ivanišević , Bogdan 69. Licht, Sonja 70. Stambolović, Vuk 71. Rajić, Ljubiša 72. Rakić-Vodinelić, Vesna 73. Daničić, Richard 74. Petrović, Vesna 75. Gajin, Saša 76. Šikman, Siniša 77. Jovanović, Ivan 78. Todorović, Dragoljub 79. Pančić, Teofil 80. Nikolić-Ristanović, Vesna 81. Čanak, Branislav 82. Jevremović, Petar 83. Barać, Verica 84. Ilić, Mirko 85. Matković, Gordana 86. Miletić, Goran 87. Turajlić, Srbijanka 88. Jauković, Milena 89. Miljanić, Ana 90. Vejvoda, Ivan 91. Trifunović, Zorica 92. Gačić-Bradić, Dušanka 93. Popadić, Dragan 94. Bjelić, Dušan Ilija 95. Logar, Svetlana 96. Mandić-Rigonat, Tanja 97. Savić, Obrad 98. Toma, Marijana 99. Jovanović, Miroslav 100. Svilanović, Goran
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U tradiciji postoje određeni kodovi, lako prepoznatljivi u pričama koje su prenošene s koljena na koljeno. Te su priče definisale granice morala i objašnjavale ustrojstvo svijeta pripremajući nove generacije na vječitu neizvjesnost egzistencije. Kodovi koji su se iskristalizovali u ljudskoj potrebi za pripovijedanjem strogo su određivali šta čovjek mora biti, a šta mora biti žena, da bi se u takvom svijetu opstalo. Kakvim obrascima se mora odgovarati da bi se dobila prihvatljiva uloga u zajednici. Taj patrijarhalni svjetonazor stigmatizovao je sve ono što je bilo drugačije, najčešće ga objašnjavajući tamnim silama. I kada se svijet promijenio, kodovi su ostali sačuvani, naročito u društvima koja gube korak sa savremenim tendencijama ka humanističkom razvoju. Te stare slike još opstaju u našim predstavama o svijetu, iako već odavno djeluju prilično zastarjelo.
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Na regionalnoj konferenciji je učestvovalo gotovo stotinu mladih žena, aktivistkinja i feministkinja i učestvovale su u historijskom trenutku, jer je ovo prvi put u dva desetljeća da su se mlade feministkinje iz regije okupile na konferenciji ovog tipa i dogovarale daljnje korake zajedničkog utjecaja na prostore u kojima žive i rade. Na dvodnevnoj konferenciji sumirano je ono što su mlade feministkinje i aktivistkinje radile u bliskoj prošlosti, kao što su se i prisjetile uspjeha svojih prethodnica. Sudionice su također razgovarale o fokusima današnjeg feminizma i aktivizma, ali i o problemima i potrebama s kojima se nova generacija feministkinja i aktivistkinja susreće. Djevojke su izašle sa konferencije sa konkretnim kriterijima za buduće aktivističko djelovanje, bez velikih utopijskih stavova, te sa konkretnim vizijama koji je fokus djelovanja i održivosti mladih aktivistkinja i feministkinja.
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Kosovo’s (male) politicians repeat on every occasion that they see their country’s future as a member of the European Union. For this to happen, however, not only will the five EU member states yet to recognise Kosovo’s independence need to change their position, but the country will need more people willing to challenge its taboos. It will need champions for girls’ education, a revolution in the labour market and new forms of family life and gender relations. It will need scholarships for young women to study abroad and young women willing to return to take on the patriarchal values that still set Kosovo apart. It will need more women like Jeta and Besa for a European Kosovo, Kosovo 2.0, to become a reality.
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The objectives of this study are to: (1). briefly present the national context on promotion of gender equality and empowerment of women, (2) highlight and analyze the role of the associative sector and private sector in achieving MDG 3, (3) provide examples of best practices of gender approach in the civil society and the private sector activities, and (4) develop recommendations to enhance the contribution of associative and private sectors in achieving the MDGs by 2015. // The Study begins with an overview of MDG 3 in the context of the Republic of Moldova and current trends in the field, followed by two chapters that consider the involvement of civil society and the associative sector in achieving MDG 3, and ends with the main conclusions and recommendations to optimize and streamline the work of the NGOs and businesses, as well as bibliographical sources.
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Successful implementation of the National Action Plan (NAP) on United Nations Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1325 requires the establishment of an effective mechanism for monitoring and evaluation. To ensure that monitoring and evaluation mechanisms are effective, it is necessary to include involvement and ideally, oversight, from civil society organizations (CSOs). Unfortunately cooperation between government institutions and CSOs in implementing, monitoring and evaluating the NAP on 1325 is often reduced to a single CSO consultation and only in a formal and limited context. As a consequence, meaningful dialogue and cooperation between state institutions and CSOs in NAP implementation, monitoring and evaluation is either missing altogether or limited to the point of ineffectiveness. As a result, the intended positive effect to improve considerations of gender and security through the development and implementation of the NAP on 1325 is marginal.
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Overall research demonstrates that women tend to be victims of physical and sexual abuse more often than men do and mostly the perpetrators of violence tend to be spouses and sexual partners. A study conducted on women in Georgia – National Research on Domestic Violence against Women in Georgia (2010) – makes it clear that one of every 11 women in a marriage or serious relationship has been a victim of physical or sexual violence. National survey conducted in Canada also demonstrates that approximately 1 in 3 women have experienced violence at some point in their adult lives and that 1 in 10 women are presently experiencing violence. The feminist literature about violence and abuse provides insight into the male power and domination. Within a patriarchal social order, men maintain a privileged position through their domination of women, and their monopoly of social institutions. Feminists look to the historical roots of these inequities to explain the deeply gendered division of power in contemporary society.
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The present study has depicted the inequality among the average salary distribution among man and women regardless the similar educational attainments. Women’s average salary ranges between the 251-400 GEL whereas in man’s case the average salary is between 401-700 GEL. Educational level does not affect man’s salary (except PhD degree), while women should have an undergraduate or graduate degree to earn the average salary of man with secondary education. The unequal average salaries can be influences by the fact that more man (65%) work for the private sector, whereas women are working in private and public sectors in equal shares (47% respectively). Horizontal and vertical segregation also contributes to wage inequality - the study has found the evidence of both horizontal and vertical segregation in Georgia. Vertical segregation is manifested by the fact that 65% of respondents reported having a male manager, whereas 31% reported having female direct manager. Horizontal segregation is reflected in findings that 79% of employees at human health and social work sector and 78% of employees at education sector are women, whereas 96% of employees in construction sector, 91% of employees in transportation and storage sector and 47% of employees at public administration and defence, compulsory social security sector are man.
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The presented research is aimed at studying social and economic needs of population residing in high mountainous regions of Georgia. Quantitative, as well as qualitative research methods were applied for collecting data. 400 people (259 women and 141 men) were interviewed within the quantitative research in the high mountainous regions of Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti, Racha-Lechkhumi-Kvemo Svaneti, Mtskheta-Mtianeti and Adjara. The number of survey participants represent the sample population of the whole population of Georgia’s mountainous regions. Taking into consideration the specificity of women’s social needs and problems, in the frames of qualitative research, 40 in-depth interviews were conducted with women of different age, marital and employment status, living in the same regions.
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In this contribution I want to consider how social science research intersects and interacts with political thinking and action. The significance of violence against women, as such, needs no emphasis in this forum. It determines how boys and girls develop, it regulates our conduct as sexed beings - as men, as women - and it interacts with unequal distributions of benefits and burdens between the two sexes. It needs no emphasis here, but that is not to say that it needs no emphasis in universities and research centres in general, in social and political institutions like law and medicine, and in the agencies of government at state, city, and global levels. The last few decades have seen widespread acceptance of the insights that rape as a weapon of war, first really is a weapon of war, and second is not just any 'ordinary' weapon. There has also been wide acceptance, throughout societies, and states, that sexual harassment at work is serious. First, because of its pervasive psychological and emotional effects on recipients and on perpetrators; second because the joke or the flirtation is underpinned by and is liable to turn into aggression or assault. It is recognised, by scientists, by lawyers, by policy makers, governors and managers, that domestic violence is a public health issue. All of these impact on understanding of the complexities of rape and sexual assault as criminal. All of these underline how sex and gender, and the enforcement of particular standards of sexual conduct, are matters of the first political and legal, as well as cultural and social, importance.
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The purpose of the present paper is to review the attitudes to drug related issues in Georgia, particularly from the perspective of gender. When I was getting acquainted with the existing studies on the use of injective drugs in Georgia, I found that most of these studies had been conducted on males. The research on female population has faced difficulties, because women have been underrepresented compared with men both in treatment services and in research. Of course, women were added to samples, but no gender-related concepts were used. For this reason, drug use by both men and women was viewed through male lens. By gender-related concepts, I mean analyzing the different patterns of drug use according to the drug user’s gender. In my opinion, gender-related concepts take into account the peculiar reasons for drug use by males as well as by females, whether there is a difference in injective drug use by males and females, female users’ preferences for illicit substances, and the problems and barriers faced by female drug users. The main goal of this study is to ascertain the attitudes of Georgian experts to drug addiction and drug-dependent people, taking gender factors into consideration. I decided to achieve this goal by conducting in-depth interviews with experts who work in the field of narcology.
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The following paper examines the Gender Equality Legislation of Georgia and Nordic countries, namely the Gender Equality Acts of Iceland, Norway, Finland, Sweden and Denmark. The study aims at identifying similarities as well as differences and revealing the best existing institutional mechanisms for effective implementation of provisions set out in the legislation. The countries mentioned above have been selected based on the Global Gender Gap Index (2011), according to which these countries are among the top ten countries in the ranking. Since 2006 World Economic Forum publishes annual reports on Global Gender Gap Index which identifies the gender gaps, inequalities and dynamics across the time. The Global Gender Gap report 2011 comprised 135 countries. Georgia took 86th place in the ranking; Compared with the previous year this is a slightly better position, though it has to be highlighted that assessment of Georgia in regards to the gender equality has exacerbated in the last 6 years.
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In Georgia, gender budgeting is considered an integral part of program budgeting. Under Georgian law, program budgeting has been practiced at the central government level since 2012 and at the local and autonomous republic government level since 2013. In keeping with this legislation, the state budget has been developed using a program budgeting format since 2012 as have municipality and autonomous republic budgets since 2013. The program budgeting format implies allocating appropriations according to priorities, programs, and subprograms. This includes information about the programs and subprograms, notes on their expected consequences and implementation assessment indicators, and capital projects.
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