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Kobiecy dyskurs podróżniczy na przykładzie "Mojej wyprawy na Pamiry w roku 1929" Jadwigi Toeplitz-Mrozowskiej

Author(s): Agata Zawiszewska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article proposes a critical reading of the report from a journey to Russia by Jadwiga Toeplitz-Mrozowska "La Prima spedizione italiana attraverso i Pamiri 1929" (Società Georgafica Italiana: Roma 1930). The tools used to the analysis and interpretation of the text come from the instruments of gender and postcolonial studies. By means of them, the entanglement of the emancipation discourse into a patriarchal colonial discourse was presented, reflected in three areas of narration: the status of an emancipated European woman as an imperialist, a picture of a “Russian woman” as a “loner”, identification of the criteria of emancipation with the West-European civilization mission in the USSR.

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Podwórkowa powieść polityczna – "Wióry" Krystyny Kofty

Author(s): Arleta Galant / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The author of the article discusses "Wióry", a novel by Krystyna Kofta, published in 1980. The most important interpretation motives concerning the work written by a Polish female writer are connected with the issues related to a political narration and ideology of the space that is organized by the worlds of child and adult characters. A backyard in Poznań – the place of action – was perceived here as a specific (both a private and public) conventional sphere being a reflection of complicated social relations of the Stalin era.

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PRAVO GLASA ŽENA

Author(s): Dragana Obrenić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Pravo glasa je političko pravo i ubraja se u red osnovnih ljudskih prava. Žene danas uživaju ovo pravo u gotovo svim državama sveta. Međutim, nije uvek bilo tako. Borba žena za ostvarivanje prava glasa, kao i mnogih drugih prava, trajala je veoma dugo. U malom broju zemalja ona traje i dan danas.

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Genderové aspekty českého školství

Author(s): Lucie Jarkovská,Kateřina Lišková / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Vzdělávací systém bývá ve vztahu k sociálním nerovnostem vnímán jako nástroj emancipace umožňující vertikální sociální mobilitu. Obecně lze říci, že masové vzdělávání v demokratických společnostech představuje nástroj zvyšování životního standardu a emancipace společnosti jako celku, avšak detailnější analýza struktury školství odhaluje, že toto pravidlo se uplatňuje v některých sociálních skupinách lépe a v jiných jen velmi omezeně. Výzkumy ukazují, že představuje spíše selektivní mechanismus, který prostřednictvím přidělování oprávnění (výuční listy, maturita, VŠ diplom) k výkonu různě prestižních a různě fi nančně ohodnocených povolání třídní rozdíly petrifi kuje (Bourdieu 1998, Bourdieu a Passeron 1977, Shavit a Blossfeld 1993). Tyto výzkumy se však zaměřují na reprodukci třídních nerovností, zkoumání nerovností genderových stojí na okraji jejich zájmu.

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Genderová segregace na trhu práce v kontextu segregace ve vzdělání v mezinárodním srovnání

Author(s): Marie Valentová,Iva Šmídová,Tomáš Katrňák / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Předmětem následující analýzy je oblast společenské dělby práce mezi muži a ženami, jako jeden ze tří aspektů genderové struktury společnosti. Podle Harding (1986) tvoří sféra produkce spolu s linií individuálních genderových identit a se symbolickým genderovým univerzem hlavní osy genderové struktury společnosti. Způsobů, jak přistupovat k analýzám genderované dělby práce, je řada, naše analýza se omezuje na statistické reprezentace kategorií ženy a muži v dostupných datových souborech. Jsme si vědomi redukce kategorie genderu na duální pohlavní kategorii (West a Zimmermann 1991), přesto jsme přesvědčeni, že text přináší relevantní interpretace a nové podněty pro posouzení národní genderové segregace na trhu práce a ve vzdělanostním systému v evropském kontextu, aniž by nutně koncepčně sklouzl k ontickému pojetí genderu (Šmausová 2002).

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Dělání a oddělávání genderu. Inkonzistentní volby školy u patnáctiletých dívek a chlapců

Author(s): Kateřina Lišková / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Lidé dělají ve svém životě genderované volby. Mezi ty nejdůležitější patří zcela jistě volba vzdělání a následně povolání. Ze statistických dat je zřejmé, že ženy volí „ženská“ povolání (kadeřnice, sekretářka, učitelka na základní škole), muži „mužská“ (automechanik, stavař, ekonom-manažer). Lidé se tedy většinou rozhodnou pro povolání typické, genderově příslušné. Struktura vzdělávacích oborů je genderovaná, a je to právě tato horizontální genderovanost, která zakládá oborovou segmentaci pracovního trhu, a je to právě segmentace tzv. feminizovaných povolání, která zapříčiňuje nižší výdělky a nižší status žen na trhu práce (Valentová, Šmídová a Katrňák ve třetí kapitole této knihy). Genderově konzistentní volby můžeme sledovat přinejmenším od ukončení povinné školní docházky, jak ukázal i náš výzkum. Převládající konzistence lze vysvětlit prostřednictvím sociální strukturovanosti, v níž se aspirace aktérů přizpůsobují možnostem: lidé chtějí (právě jen) to, co mohou získat; „naděje se přizpůsobují vyhlídkám, aspirace možnostem“ (Bourdieu 2000a: 57). Podle Bourdieuho se v důsledku strukturovaných voleb reprodukuje sociální řád neboli status quo; strukturované volby vedou navíc ke spokojenosti sociálních aktérů, protože skrze ně dosáhli (právě jen) na to, nač aspirovali.

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Řidička autobusu a zdravotní bratr: Prolamování genderových bariér ve sféře placené práce

Author(s): Kateřina Lišková / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Z žité reality i ze sociologických výzkumů víme, že veřejná sféra práce je horizontálně i vertikálně genderovaná. Zahraniční studie se často zaměřují na genderovou segregovanost trhu práce (Watts 2005, Evertsson 2004, Reskin 2003, Hultin a Szulkin 2003, Blacburn 2002, Bruijn a Volman 2000, Collinson et al. 1990). Podobně v České republice se většina studií soustřeďuje na makrorovinu a statistické analýzy, které dokumentují genderovou segregaci pracovního trhu (Krause 2005, Marksová-Tominová et al. 2003, Čermáková 2002, Čermáková et al. 2000, Kuchařová a Zamykalová 2000), případně porovnávají situaci v České republice a Evropské unii (Hanson a Wells-Dang 2006, Krause et al. 2004). Tyto studie přinášejí důkazy o tom, že v horizontální struktuře ženy převažují v servisních povoláních a obecně v zaměstnáních s nižším příjmem a prestiží, kdežto muži se koncentrují do profesí s vyšším finančním ohodnocením, a že ve vertikální struktuře muži zaujímají vedoucí pozice, dokonce i tam, kde mezi zaměstnanými drtivě převažují ženy.

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Problem (ne)dostupnosti vodnih resursa u savremenim kapitalističkim društvima iz ugla marksističkog ekofeminizma

Author(s): Andrija Golubović / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Review of: Andrija Golubović - Pamela Odih, Watersheds in Marxist Ecofeminism. Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. 2014. 390 str

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Prisjećanje na Betonski potok Shai Zakai - Zašto nam treba i devetnaest godina nakon i o raspravi te interpretaciji univerzalnosti "oslobođenja od patrijarhata"

Author(s): Leopold Rupnik / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

This work serves as a reminder and summary of the importance of the social resonance of Israeli artist Shai Zakai’s project Concrete Creek, which with its complexity shows remarkable interpretative possibilities of the project through the queer, spiritualistic and Marxist reading of ecofeminism.

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Što nas je Engels naučio? Prilog marksističko–feminističkoj kritici braka i obitelji

Author(s): Petra Kurtović / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Reflecting on the contemporary society from a Marxist-feminist angle with a focus on the question of women’s oppression, one of the key questions that must be tackled is the structure/nature of the family and marriage. Because of the very significant, if not pivotal, role of the family in capitalism, contemporary conservative currents insist on family more than anything as a nuclear unit of society, where monogamy (of course, only for women) and heteronormativity play major roles. In addition, traditional marriage is the only desirable form of marriage. The position of women in society can be seen from their position in the family, that is, the position of married women. To illustrate this, in this paper we will try, mostly by using Engels’ findings, to explain when and why monogamy and marriage occur and how the family developed. After that we will try to show, based on the work by some socialists and anarchists, and further on Engels, the social basis of the subordination of women in marriage and the family. Finally, through authors like Barret, point out that family is not essentially and naturally given, it is not always the same, on the contrary – it depends on specific social relations. From such historicalmaterialist point of view, marriage and family are revealed as social rather than natural units and as bourgeois ideals.

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Women in Legislative, Executive and Judicial Branch of the Government

Author(s): Lejla Balić,Amila Ždralović / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Although the feminist movement should not be restricted solely to the struggle for women’s suffrage (passive and active suffrage, in other words, the right to vote and stand in the elections), acquisition of the status of political entity, regardless of all theoretical discrepancies between different forms of feminism, remains its lasting feature. The first argumentation of necessity of women’s involvement in political sphere was carved out within the framework of the liberal political philosophy on the foundations of its principles of equality of all human beings and was thus formulated as a call for participation of women in political life, on an equal footing with men. However, the actual equality has not been accomplished after women won these rights, and the anticipated societal changes failed to materialise.

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Wartime Sexual Violence and Post-War Gender-Based Violence

Author(s): Majda Halilović / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This section shall provide a general theoretical overview of sexual and gender-based violence and show progress made with change of paradigm which occurred gradually since the 1970s onward in understanding the phenomenon of violence against women, which resulted in perception of the violence as something other than a mere private and family matter between a man and a woman, but rather a serious problem that requires engagement of the criminal justice system and protection services and condemnation on the part of the public. However, this paradigm change did nothing to deter the perpetrators of wartime rape during the course of the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992–1995) – in focus of the second part of this section, which also provides overview of the case law in the area of wartime rape and support provided to surviving victims. The second part of the paper provides an overview of post-war violence against women and analysis of the case law in prosecution of the crimes of rape, sexual harassment and domestic violence. The section shall also focus on the analysis of the impact the implementation of the UN Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1325 had in changing the attitudes to women victims of sexual violence and look into the extent to which international efforts and civil society interventions reflected on how the victims of wartime rape are recognised and supported in Bosnia and Herzegovina at state and entity level. In addition, the paper shall address the issue of whether and to what extent has the case law expanded the existing knowledge after the prosecution of wartime rape and how the judiciary treated the survivors as opposed to how it treated the perpetrators of rape. The section shall also examine whether the public of Bosnia and Herzegovina understood judgements and testimonies of surviving women, victims of wartime rape as a warning, and whether those judgements and testimonies led to collective examination of the attitude to women in general and deep awareness and understanding of the serious consequences of rape, sexual violence and domestic violence.

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Učešće žena u zakonodavnoj i izvršnoj vlasti i pravosuđu

Author(s): Lejla Balić,Amila Ždralović / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Iako je pogrešno feministički pokret svesti isključivo na borbu žena za osvajanje punog prava glasa (i pasivnog i aktivnog prava glasa, odnosno i prava da bira i da bude birana), sticanje statusa političkog subjekta – bez obzira na sve teorijske diskrepancije feminizama – njegovo je kontinuirano obilježje. Prva argumentacija za nužnost uključivanja žena u političku sferu isklesana je u okviru liberalne političke filozofije i na temeljima njenih postulata o jednakopravnosti svih ljudskih bića te formulisana kao zahtjev da žene ravnopravno s muškarcima učestvuju u političkom životu. Ipak, ova ravnopravnost generalno nije postignuta nakon osvajanja prava niti su se desile očekivane društvene promjene.

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Ratno seksualno nasilje i rodno zasnovano nasilje nakon rata

Author(s): Majda Halilović / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Ovo poglavlje daje opći teorijski pregled seksualnog i rodno zasnovanog nasilja te pokazuje progres nastao promjenom paradigme koja se postepeno dešavala od 70-ih godina u razumijevanju nasilja nad ženama, što je dovelo do toga da se nasilje ne posmatra kao privatni muško–ženski i porodični problem, već problem koji zahtijeva uključivanje krivičnopravnog sistema, službi za zaštitu i osudu javnosti. Međutim, ove promjene paradigme nisu odvratile počinioce ratnih silovanja tokom rata u Bosni i Hercegovini (1992–1995) – o čemu govori drugi dio poglavlja, uz osvrt na sudsku praksu za ratna silovanja i podršku koja je pružana preživjelim ženama. U drugom dijelu daje se pregled nasilja nad ženama nakon rata te se analiziraju sudske prakse u procesuiranju silovanja, seksualnog uznemiravanja i nasilja u porodici. Poglavlje također analizira utjecaj Rezolucije Vijeća sigurnosti Ujedinjenih naroda 1325 u mijenjanju odnosa prema ženama žrtvama seksualnog nasilja, te razmatra do koje mjere su se napori na međunarodnom nivou i akcije civilnog društva reflektovale na to kako se žrtve ratnih silovanja prepoznaju i podržavaju u Bosni i Hercegovini na državnom i entitetskom nivou. Pored toga, u tekstu će se obraditi pitanje da li je i koliko sudska praksa uopće pomjerila granice znanja nakon procesuiranja ratnih silovanja i kako se pravosudna zajednica odnosila prema preživjelim, a kako prema počiniocima silovanja. U poglavlju se također propituje da li su u bh. javnosti presude i iskazi žena koje su preživjele ratna silovanja shvaćeni kao opomena te da li su doveli do kolektivnog društvenog preispitivanja odnosa prema ženama uopće i buđenja svijesti o teškim posljedicama koje nosi silovanje, seksualno nasilje i nasilje u porodici.

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Pravno i medicinsko uređenje interspolnosti u Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): Vanja Burić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

1. Uvod; 2. Zabrana diskriminacije u međunarodnim dokumentima i zaštita prava interspolnih osoba; 3. Zaštita od diskriminacije u Bosni i Hercegovini u kontekstu prava interspolnih osoba; 4. Problemi interspolnih osoba u društvu; 5. Rezultati istraživanja o pravima interspolne djece u zdravstvenom sistemu Bosne i Hercegovine; Zaključak; Literatura i preporuke za dalje čitanje

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Women’s entrepreneurship in the Covid-19 pandemic

Author(s): Alicja Hadryś-Nowak / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The main goal of the chapter was to shed light on the challenges that women entrepreneurs face during the Covid-19 pandemic and answer how women entrepreneurs reorient their businesses in this situation. Design/methodology/approach: The study used secondary data (literature and reports), along with direct interviews with women entrepreneurs located in Poland. Findings: The Covid-19 pandemic and the ensuing disruption have disproportionately impacted women. In the near future, women will experience increased unemployment and household responsibilities, along with the exacerbation of social injustice. At the same time, the Covid-19 pandemic catalyzed changes. The findings indicate that some women entrepreneurs aggressively adapted their businesses to resist the short-term impact of the Covid-19 pandemic. There appeared acceptance for remote work models, acceleration in the use of digital channels on both the demand and the supply side, and a shift toward digital over physical interactions, all of which have the potential to level the playing field, especially for women entrepreneurs. Research limitations/implications: Further research in this area should focus on the effects of protracted restrictions on doing business and the growing problems associated with managing a pandemic. Originality and value: The study adds anew dimension to entrepreneurship considerations by recognizing that gender issues are rarely considered in times of crises of economies.

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Chanteuses françaises des années 2010 : un comique « genré » ?

Author(s): Catherine Gravet / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

The history of French song is a heritage of unforgettable texts very often written by men, sometimes for women. Female singers, authors, composers and performers, however, are taking on an increasingly important role, to the point that female researchers are talking about "matrimony". This emergence of women in French song often involves comedy: black humour, false naiveté, offbeat irony, even sarcasm impose a different vision of the world from that of men or put a distance from an alienating universe dictated by the patriarchal tradition. Yet, song, the art of incarnation, is a poem like no other, it needs the performer's voice, or even her body, and current recording and broadcasting techniques completely change the public's perception. A few case studies should enable us to better understand the specificity of some texts written and performed by women in terms of irony. Several themes closely linked to the body seem recurrent to us, such as motherhood, adoption, childbirth or abortion, in a firmly provocative stance: why are Laurie Peret's song, "Un, deux, trois" (2017); Laura Laune’s "La Rupture" (2017); GiedRé’s "Pisser debout" (2011) or "Ode à la contraception" (2014) so shocking? They are both provocative and subversive, they defy the rules of propriety, and their assumed vulgarity bewilders.

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The Leading Woman in the Knowledge-Based Economy

Author(s): Diana Elena Zaharia (Ştefănescu),Bogdan Ștefănescu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This scientific approach takes into account the analysis of the leadership type, present in the Romanian cultural institutions in terms of identifying the opinion and attitude of the members of the organizations towards the management, as well as the level of their involvement in the accomplishment of the management act, considering that these are important elements that ensure the achievement of the organization's objectives. The research methods used are the following: Observation and analysis of documents and quantitative analysis based on questionnaires.Research Question: Is women accepted as a leader in the contemporary knowledge-based economy?Research hypothesis: Does the gender of the leader influence the organizational performance of cultural institutions in Romania?Purpose of the research: To make a comparison between leadership styles related to gender differences.

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ŽENSKO STANOVNIŠTVO U BIH KROZ PRIZMU REZULTATA POPISA

Author(s): Zlatiborka Popov Momčinović / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Publication Year: 0

Cilj ovog rada je da prikaže glavne rezultate popisa sprovedenog 2013. godine u Bosni i Hercegovini sa rodnog aspekta. Radi dublje analize podataka korišćeni su i relevantni i dostupni podaci iz ranijih popisa i anketa nadležnih institucija, kao i druge naučne analize i poređenja. Rezultati popisa ukazuju na brojne rodne debalanse – posebno kada je reč o obrazovanju, starosnoj strukturi stanovništva, radnoj snazi i ekonomskoj aktivnosti. Naučne analize na koje se referiralo pružaju dublji uvid u rodnu dinamiku i načine na koje rodna neravnopravnost i dalje operira u bh. društvu, a koja se može iščitati i iz samih popisnih rezultata.

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Veće učešće žena i Izborni zakon BiH

Author(s): Besima Borić / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Publication Year: 0

The period from 1995 until today has been, among other, marked with search for potential models that could secure higher level of women participation not only in legislative bodies but in the executive government and in social and political life in general as well. This is a process that is been continuously conducted in large part of the world, including our BiH and the region. Persistent lack of women at the decision-making positions is most often assigned to our traditional cultural and general social conditions, insufficient democratization of political parties, as well as to the lack of appropriate legislative solutions that would enable good conditions for higher number of women on the lists and in the government bodies. The adoption of the BiH Law on Gender Equality, introduction of quota for less represented sex into the Election Law, in addition to other solutions, has greatly impacted the increase of women in legislative positions. However, this number is still far less than the proclaimed 30% at first, and subsequently 40% obligatory quota of less represented sex on the candidacy lists. There are very few researchers that offer potential concrete amendments to the law that would help in reaching this percentage. It is a general opinion that current election system in BiH favors higher representation of women as less represented sex. It, however, also opens some possibilities for improvement that are hidden in potential parity and equal representation of women and men on the lists, potential closing of the lists, redistribution of the compensatory mandates in favor of the less represented gender, and similar. Also, it would be useful to reconsider the number of political parties, number of election units, as well as raising the census for mandates. In addition, it would be important to preserve the quota which has been attacked so many times in the past 20 years, and keep the provisions that protect prescribed sequence and the quota. The amendments that would favor increase in the number of elected women seek appropriate political climate. That is why it is important to assign the responsibility not only to the legislative decision-makers but especially to the political parties, media, NGO, and other stakeholders.

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