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Transformation and responsibility The ethics of sexual difference The ethics of responsibility towards the incommensurable Other Feminism and the discourse of rights Critiquing liberalism and re-defining the rights Performative politics vs. identity politics Citizenship differentiated along sexual difference?
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Rhetorical strategies of the feminist discourse Rescuing the body Signatures of death and ethics of women’s writing The scandal of recognition Is there war in the war writing?
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Political rights as women’s rights—open questions and challenges Contribution to the discussion on the Law of equality of sexes in Bosnia and Herzegovina Rape crimes in Bosnia and Herzegovina—local and international dimensions Women in Islam—an open debate
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The aim of this study is to present respectability and disrespectfulness and the place of woman that was respected as a spiritual creature as an art object in art works, to examine her artist personality in history and to emphasize the social importance of woman. Woman in Chalcolithic and Neolithic Ages, especially in Hittites and Phrygians, was symbolized as “Mother Goddess” in both functional and artistic works by considering the fertility of woman. In 6AD, in the middle east prior to islam, girls had just been buried alive, while they were at their mothers’ knees due to the shame they brought to their family .While woman theme was shaped as idol an amulet with ceramic forms in these periods, she was presented as marble sculptures in Roman, Byzantine and Hellenistic periods, thus, her importance for society and her persistence from the past to this day were emphasized. It shows that woman was reflected as both a goddess and an aesthetical object in the art works of men. Moreover, woman was not only presented as either Goddess Venus (Aphrodite) or Helen by almost every artist but she was also either painted or placed in relives as an image showing plastic effect. Although woman was sometimes treated insupportably and she was sometimes seen as a creature that harbours devil spirits, she has always been source of inspiration for art and artists. Today changes in human rights and new legal regulations, brought women protection to domestic violence, has been made. However, in the printed media and visiual media, it has been mentioned that domestic violence has not yet ceased . While woman once herself was an art object or plastic element of art work, she is now the creator of art works. This is an indication of the fact that the perception of society for woman has changed and the place woman placed herself in the universe.
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Reconstructing the relationship between the communist regime and the homosexuality is a limited projection of the overall discourse concerning the sexuality in this historical period. This phenomenon was perceived as something hidden and prohibited; something in the po- wer of authorities and medicine. This attitude towards these problems is still dominant in the Bulgarian society on the whole, and in the social and humanistic sciences which deal with the intimate space of the individual. Thus, in Bulgaria the retrospective study of the different kinds of sexuality is in at the very start. This article is a moderate attempt to present some details from the “hidden” Bulgarian everyday life in the years that followed World War Two. The author is aware that his contribution is far from exhausting the question. His goal has been a mere definition of the problem. According to M. Gruev this could be only possible if the subject is analysed in a proper context. In such a way it should be positioned in a certain historical period when the sexuality officially had been discussed only as a mean of reproduction, than in the “masculine” intimate world of Bulgarians and at last in the process of that phenomenon’s self organization. The article is based on the documentary sources representing some of the actions of Bulgarian authorities and Secret Services concerning the homosexuals. Due to some of the legal limitations present in Bulgaria, this kind of sources has been labeled as “personal archive”. The available documentary sources have been compared to the interviews and journalistic research that appeared in Bulgaria after so-called “great change”. Part of the study is dedicated to the traditional attitudes of the Bulgarians toward the homosexuals and how these attitudes later took part in the commu- nist iscourse related to the problem. The important influence of the Soviet policy regarding homosexuals has also been mentioned by the author.
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The question of the participation of Ukrainian women in politics and electoral activity is studied. On the basis of the survey made in different regions of Ukraine some imbalances in electoral preferences has been found out. Special attention is paid to the feasibility of revitalization of civil society in order to create the conditions for self-realization of each person and the participation of women in governmental work.
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This paper examines gender aspects of Russian conservatism in the historical novel by N. M. Karamzin «Martha-Posadnitza». Classical conservative values are embodied in the novel: strong state power (autocracy), traditions and patriarchal order.
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The article provides examples of how social networks and online communities become innovative and constructive actors of changes in the field of social policy in modern information and communication terms and conditions of e-democracy
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The article provides an analysis of the gender policy of modern German state in the context of the so-called «double watershed» based on the speeches and program statements of Chancellors of Germany. A special emphasis is placed on the opportunities provided by the state. They allow to successfully combine family life and career both for men and women. The article describes the birthrate stimulation measures aimed at preserving women’s working capacity and career potential.
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The on-line community of parents as a new form of civil activity in modern Russia is analyzed. The parents community will be considered as a structure to accumulate social capital, as well as a mechanism to community resources mobilization. This point of view allows to describe new forms of network self-organization outside policy and/or market. Sociological analysis of parents on-line communities enables to determine the new base and scripts of solidarity formation and collective action in contemporary Russian society.
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The article analyses gender disparities in the political behavior of Russian citizens in pre-election period and during parliamentary and presidential elections of 2011—2012, and the importance of gender coordination in the «vision of the world» for institutionalization of democratic process in Russia. The analysis is based on the data of sociological polls conducted by «The Public opinion» Foundation, the survey made by a research team guided by S. V. Patrushev (Institute of Sociology, RAS) in this pre-election period, the research of gender features of political choices of Russian citizens conducted by the author in the latest two decades.
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The article based on the sociological data analyses gender dimension of contemporary Russian anti-Americanism. The authors point out that, on the one hand, gender images, symbols and metaphors are exploited in constructing Russians’ perception of the USA, and, on the other hand, American Other serves as a factor of shaping gender order of Russian society.
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More than ten years after the beginning of transition, the balance sheet of the transformation of communist societies and centrally-planned economies into liberal democracies and capitalist market economies is still disputed. Some scholars put the emphasis on the increase in political liberties and hail the prospects of economic growth stimulated by privatisation and restructuring, while others focus on the enormous social costs of economic restructuring. But there are some points on which most observers agree, despite their different political backgrounds. One of these is that women as a group belong to the losers in the transition, as regards their social and economic status as well as political representation. In 1994, the American sociologist Gail Kligman summarised the post-89 developments concerning women as: A sharp drop in political participation of women in the public spheres of governance, an increasing feminization of poverty and of refugee populations, pronounced changes in reproductive policies, and a renewed emphasis on the role and responsibility of women as reproducers of cultural identity. Even during the second half of the nineties when, in some transition countries, the political and economic changes have been increasingly consolidated, the plight of women has not fundamentally improved. In this article, I trace some of the paramount aspects of increased discrimination against women caused by the process of transformation in south-east European postcommunist countries (leaving Hungary and Moldavia out of the account). I relate those current developments to the communist legacy as well as to the inherent logic of capitalist restructuring. This allows us to unravel the seemingly paradoxical situation that traditional gender roles are reinforced by a process that should, allegedly, lead to a more modern society.
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The historical overview of grassroots women movements, starting from the first Meeting of league Women Voters in Seneca Falls, state New York, in 1848, through Suffragette - Kinja in Great Britain, Red Stockings in Denmark, Grassroots Organizations, up to the Conference of Women in Mexico, 1975. Today's situation reveals strong affirmation of women's rights but that is not yet in the sense that they are equal to men since, when comparing women to men, women are more focused more the family than the professional career.
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