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Review of: Andrus Org. Eesti ulmekirjanduse žanrid ja nende poeetika. (Dissertationes litterarum et contemplationis comparativae Universitatis Tartuensis 16.) Tartu: Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus, 2017. 361 lk.
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Review of: Kivipilvede all. Tekste Värskest Rõhust 2005-2017. Koostanud Carolina Pihelgas. SA Kultuurileht, 2017. 371 lk.
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The article discusses the history of Estonian folkloristics via the activities and relations of copy editor Heldur Niit and folklorist Ülo Tedre. Heldur Niit had majored in folklore at the University of Tartu and also taken a postgraduate course in the subject. From 1972–2007 he worked as copy editor for folklore and literary studies at the journal Keel ja Kirjandus. Ülo Tedre, Head of the Department of Folklore at the Institute of the Estonian Language sat on the advisory board of the journal and authored a great number of articles and reviews.
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The article examines the essays by Hando Runnel with accent on the author’s worldview, fundamental beliefs and creative principles, in short, Runnel’s philosophical position. The approach used is inductive, as it is not based on a ready-made scheme of interpretation but is rather moving from text to text to collect keywords, which are eventually categorised into thematic groups. The first part of the article discusses artistic and literary issues, after which the focus shifts on to man and his big challenges such as individuality and collectivity, naturalness and estrangement, ethics and religion. The last part addresses social worries and community problems at large, including Runnel’s periodisation of history and predictions of the future. The article is mainly descriptive, with a few critical notes. The conclusion reads that the common denominator of Runnel’s essays is the experiencing of an intermediate, a cleavage even. This strain of splitting apart permeats Runnel’s cognitive experience from a personal level right through the ultimate local and global spheres.
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The article discusses the documentary novel Ristitants by Estonian exile writer Salme Ekbaum (1912-1994), published in Sweden in 1970. The novel was inspired by the visit to Toronto by Soviet Estonian author Rudolf Sirge in September 1964, and its repercussions on Salme Ekbaum, her husband and several other local intellectuals. The events later called the (R.) Sirge affair had a traumatic effect not only on Salme Ekbaum, but also on the whole Estonian community of Toronto, giving rise to splits and conflicts that did not abate for many years. The aim of the article is to explain how the author understands and interprets the documentary novel as a genre that was new both in Estonian and English literature in the mid-1960s. In addition, some aspects are discussed which enable interpreting Ekbaum’s novel as an autobiographical trauma narrative. While telling her autobiographical story, the author reflects on the attitudes of the Toronto Estonian community as well as the meaning and future of Estonian nationalism in exile, an adequate understanding of which requires considerable knowledge of the historical context of the book. However, the aspects of genre and poetics are no less important for the novel. Ekbaum understands documentary novel as an autobiographical narrative focusing on the author’s personal experience and feelings. Those are rendered most vividly by fragments of her memories, diary records and dream recordings, which enable the reader to get an idea of her traumatic experiences.
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The article investigates the foreign reception of Estonian literature and concentrates on why some piece of literature is chosen for translation and how its distribution works. It comprises four case studies, i.e. the Estonian epic „Kalevipoeg” by Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald, the novel „The Czar’s Madman” by Jaan Kross, „The Man Who Spoke Snakish” by Andrus Kivirähk, and „Child of Glass” by Maarja Kangro. It shows how different times, different language areas and different approaches constitute various versions of reception.
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Review of: Kröits ehk Ristikivi. Mälestusi ja vestlusi. Koostanud ja kommenteerinud Janika Kronberg ja Brita Melts. Tallinn: EKSA, 2018. 456 lk.
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The article focuses on the ambivalent relationship between the public space and the folklore collecting campaigns of the last decade of the 19th century. On the one hand, those campaigns were heavily embedded into public space as all information regarding the collecting as well as feedback to collectors was given through newspapers. But if we look at the position of ordinary collectors in regard of public space, the picture is much more ambivalent – though most of their writings failed to be published, they still seemed to regard writing in this context as a possibility to write publicly. To reflect this ambiguity I have called such writing half-public. Still, there were some genres that made their way from half-public to real public space. One of such was the ‘awakening calls’ (äratussõnad), i. e. texts written by folklore correspondents with an intention to enliven collecting activity in the area they felt attached to. The texts were sent to the leader of the campaign Jakob Hurt, who was expected to publish them as part of his collection reports. I consider this genre from two viewpoints: what those texts are about and how the addressees of the texts are construed. As a starting point I take the ambiguity of genre boundaries as stated by Charles L. Briggs and Richard Bauman, and the mutual relationship between genres and communities as stated by Karin Barber. There are at least three different approaches leading to the meaning of this genre. On the one hand, we can take the awakening calls as a separate genre with its own meanings and goals. On the other hand, we can examine it in the contexts of contemporary public written space, which reveals that the language and generic conventions of the awakening calls are quite common in other public genres as well; thus, instead of analysing it as a separate genre we can rather talk about the spread of similar genre features in the repertoires of different communities. And thirdly, we can look at this genre as part of contemporary vernacular literacy and ask about the possibility of ordinary people of the time discussing their messages in public. As a conclusion we can say that the texts have multiple goals. The first is rather obvious – they are calls, texts which aim to mobilize other people. But besides this those texts also deal with the construction of certain communities and discuss the relationship between those communities and the national whole. Thirdly, those texts enable the writer to show that he/she (and his/her community) know how one should talk in public, and in doing so, to emphasise that this person/community is part of the public space.
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Storylines associated with apparent death are known all over the world. Hardly any other subject or motif of folklore can offer a more coloured bouquet in genre than apparent death, ranging from fairy tales and romantic legends and narratives to rumours, ballads, and jokes. The earlier texts of our folklore archives date back to the late 1880s, but the vast majority of Estonian apparent death stories were collected in the second half of the 20th century. The historical origin of the stories of apparent death reaches to antiquity and probably also relies on some truthful occasions, but the formation and spread of folk tales on this subject fall into the Enlightenment period in Europe. The article focuses on the context of apparent death stories in 18th–19th century Europe, including Estonia. The emergence and developments of this topic relate to medical and religious practices, journalism and literature.
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Review of: Sõprade kirjad on su poole teel. Jaan Kaplinski ja Hellar Grabbi kirjavahetus 1965-1991. Koostanud ja kommenteerinud Sirje Olesk. Litteraria. Eesti kultuuriloo allikmaterjale. Vihik 26. Tartu: Eesti Kirjandusmuuseumi Teaduskirjastus, Eesti Kultuurilooline Arhiiv, 2013. 331 lk.
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Review of: Johannes Semper. Päevaraamatud. Tartu: Ilmamaa, 2013. 421 lk.
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Review of: Kairi Tilga. Tossutäkuga Euroopasse. Eduard Vilde reisikirjad. Tallinn: Go Reisiraamat, 2013. 312 lk.
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Review of: Mihkel Mutt. Kooparahvas läheb ajalukku. Tallinn: Fabian, 2012. 462 lk.
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Report on the Summer School of Literary Studies III activities, held at Gustav Wulff-Õie museum from 5th to 6th of July 2013.
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Reviews of: Juhan Liiv. Snow Drifts, I Sing. An Estonian-English Bilingual Edition. Edited by Jüri Talvet. Translated from the Estonian by Jüri Talvet and H. L. Hix. Toronto: Guernica, 2013. 108 lk; Contemporary Estonian Poetry. A Baltic Anthology. Book Three. Edited by Inara Cedrinš. [New Orleans]: University of New Orleans Press, 2013. 272 lk.
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18. oktoobril 2013 tähistati Eesti Kirjandusmuuseumis Karl Ristikivi aasta nooremate sõprade, kolleegide ja mingil määral ka konkurentide Valev Uibopuu, Arvo Mägi ja Gert Helbemäe juubeleid.
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Report on the conference “Tegelase jälil. Kirjanduslike karakterite võrdlevaid vaatlusi” held at A. H. Tammsaare museum on 29th of November 2013.
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Review of: Kalju Kruusa. 䈻 血 茶 (ing!veri!tee): oma luulet ja tuttavat. Tallinn: Säutsipau 小 字 報, 2013. 107 lk.
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Review of: P. I. Filimonov. „Thalassa! Thalassa!”. Tlk Ingrid Velbaum-Staub. Tallinn: Varrak, 2013. 492 lk.
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