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The following article depicts the character and symbolism of St. Christopher in culture and literature for children diachronically.The author has analyzed selected hagiographic legends, fairy tales, and short stories from the nineteenth, twentieth and twenty- rst centuries with reference to the medieval canonical text of The Golden Legend.This comparative method has allowed the author to sketch out the transformations of the le- gend of St. Christopher as well as the similarities and di erences between the analyzed works. The changes in the image of St. Christopher in children’s literature are determined by pedagogical motives and the need to protect children from images of cruelty and Christ’s mar-tyrdom.
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Gutorow discusses the work of the British poet, painter and essayist David Jones (1895--1974). Like other modernists, Jones has a gloomy vision of modernity, as can be seen intwo of his most important poetic works, In Parenthesis (1937) and The Anathemata (1952),long poems whose fragmentary, palimpsestic and meditative style brings to mind thelate work of Pound, Eliot and Stevens. Jones’ works are a record of disintegration, both onan individual level (postwar trauma) and collectively (crisis of civilisation). At the same time, they are important and in many respects unique documents of the poetic effort to make the world and the self whole again.
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Dylewska examines two novels: Niewinne miasto [The Innocent Town, 2003] by Czesław Markiewicz and Katzenberge (2010) by Sabrina Janesch. The narratives about memoryin these two novels create a particular sphere in which two cultures – memory culture and folk culture – intertwine and complement each other. The key question concerns the function of the elements inspired by and drawn from folk stories, fairy tales, legends and myths. Dylewska explores the ways in which folk motifs can determine the literary creations of summoning and passing on memories.
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The article aims to present a reflexion on The Autonomous Responsive System and possibilities of automated dispute resolution. The relation between rational choice and legal efficiency seems to be the first dilemma. The rational choice is created by distinction of algorithms and discourses. The legal efficiency means transparency. Social interpretation of law appears as the result of the three-stage analytical sequence. Functionalism explores the elaboration of further relations. Automated decision-making System is impossible without understanding correlation between standards and alternatives. Standards are based on received signals. Alternatives indicate potential strategies of social doing. Multitude and limited predictability of strategies disturbs responsiveness of the System. The postmodern perspective is connected with constant change. Social challenges of the Enlightenment are topical, however, require a new methodological approach. The Autonomic Responsive System should elaborate a reaction on practical choices of signals’ receivers—it means—understand human nature. There are two way to send signals socially: persuasion and normative emphasis. A constant change causes the spillover of practices and the dissemination of notions. The discourse has an impact on the communication loop. Marxist discursive element is focused on superstructure and the Supplementary Logic. Institutionalism and the rule of practices in social context are analyzed by nietzschean discursive element. The axiological openness assumes the multicentric orientation toward a factual state. The Automatic Responsive System appears to be an inevitable consequence of the autopoietic law.
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