Epica magna. Melania Bancea, Capitolul 6
The text is a fragment from a novel written by Melania Bancea.
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The text is a fragment from a novel written by Melania Bancea.
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The purpose of the interview is to recall the artistic collaboration between Tadeusz Różewiczand Kazimierz Braun. Braun directed 19 productions based on plays by Różewicz in Poland – in Lublin and Wrocław, and abroad – in the United States, Bulgaria and Ireland. Hisproductions have always won the highest reviews by Polish and foreign critics and scholars.
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У раду се разматрају језичко-стилске одлике говора ликова у комедији Зла жена Јована Стерије Поповића са циљем да се утврди улога језика у индивидуализацији ликова различитог друштвеног статуса и различитих карактера. Извршена је анализа фонетских, морфолошких и синтаксичких језичких особина, која упућује на то да сви ликови говоре у основи смедеревсковршачким дијалектом са доста елемената банатских говора војвођанског поддијалекта. Анализа лексике (лексичко-семантичка и етимолошка) показала је да представници вишег друштвеног слоја користе славеносрбизме, иако не у већој мери, а сви ликови у свом говору имају позајмљенице различитог порекла (турцизме, романизме, германизме, хунгаризме, грецизме). У говору главне јунакиње Султане, „зле жене”, преовладавају експресиви, док мајстор Срета у свом говору користи обућарске термине, што њихове ликове чини уверљивијим.
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Contemporary literary criticism is increasingly seen in an interdisciplinary concept between literary science and journalism (e.g. Mária Stanková). There may be several reasons for this, not least the fact that literary critical texts are now written not only by renowned literary critics, but also by anyone interested in commenting on literature. In view of the increasing subjectivity of expressing and presenting the reader's evaluation of a work of fiction in literary-critical reviews, we focus on its various types published in 2021 with regard to emotionally-expressive lexical units. The aim of the paper is to compare the peculiarities of expressive-emotional expression in reviews of literary-cultural periodicals (Fraktál, Books on the Reach) and opinion-forming media (Pravda, .week) by means of text analysis.
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Gregory of Sinai is considered the foremost teacher of Hesychasm during the 14th century. His life and activities are directly connected with Bulgaria and especially with the hesychastic community of Paroria. His Vita written by the Patriarch Kallistos I. in Greek was translated and preserved in Slavic manuscripts. The oldest one is the Codex Athon. Zographou 214 (dated between 1371–1385). The translator’s identity of the Vita still remains an open question. In my opinion, the possibility of identifying the translator with Evtimij Tărnovskij should be seriously examined.
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The commentated psalter, ordered by the Bulgarian king John Alexander and copied in 1337, is known as the Pesnivets of John Alexander and also as the Sofia or Kuklen Pesnivets. It is kept in the Scientific Archive of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (NA-BAN 2). Its codicological and textological peculiarities, together with its history have been subjects of discussion since the time of its founding in the Kuklen monastery but they still cannot be explained in a satisfactory way. With regard to the envisaged edition of the manuscript this paper summarizes the main hypotheses rised dirung its study. The first hypothesis addresses the king’s commission and it assumes, after reconsidering the various statements and opinions tying to relate the year 1337 to a significant event in the king’s governing, that it was rather a momentary wish, expressed at a time when he had established his political position. The second hypothesis proposes an explanation of the very obvious rework of the manuscript by cutting two leaves at its middle, at ps. 77, and inserting there a gathering with the interpretations of the Creed and the Lord’s prayer. Again, the question is what could have provoked the change of the manuscript’s composition and when it happened, taking into account the fact that the additional gathering was copied by the first main scribe of the psalter. After rejecting the hypotheses of its later addition, which considered two events equally suitable for proclaiming king’s orthodoxy – the possible re-adressing of the manuscript in relation with his ktetorship in the Bachkovo monastery, or his role in convoking of the anti-heretical councils – a more pragmatic solution was tested. As the overal design of the manuscript is somewhat simple and the only miniature, in a sharp contrast with it, is painted on a single folio and put in the middle of the codex, it seems more plausible – and is supported by codicological evidence – that a decision to make the manuscript more appropriate for a ruler by changing its design was taken exactly at the moment when the copyist reached the middle of the psalms. As the two cut-off leaves were integral with the illuminated folio and the next one, they could have been still blank or with some text on them, therefore easier to sacrifice. Why a miniature representing Christ Ancient of Days was placed before ps. 77, is explicated in earlier publications of the author. To adorn the manuscript with the miniature, surrounded by inscriptions with the king’s titulatures, may have been planned together with including the additional texts. Therefore the latter were copied separately, in a single gathering. Regarding the non-aesthetic appearance of this bulky gathering now preceding the miniature, one recalls the remark of Benyo Tsonev in his catalogue that the original place of these folios might have been at the end of the manuscript. However, to whom belonged the idea of the incertions and when the last gathering was moved to its present place remains unknown. It must be emphasized though that the new composition of the image and the interpretative texts resulted in a unique and sophisticated ideological message. Next are offered hypotheses of the manuscript’s origin and its late history. It was agreed that the capital Tarnovo, as other scholars already claimed, was the most likely locality of the scribes’ team; and more, perhaps it was the royal chancellery around which the literary activity initiated by John Alexander began, provided that the script of the psalter is very similar to that of the Zograf monastery charter (1342) and that the codex itself testifies for an early stage of fulfilling royal orders. Whether the first trained scribes were monks from the hesychast circles suported by the king is another open question. The most extravagant hypothesis concerns the travel of Pesnivets to the Kuklen monastery, in vicinity to the Bachkovo monastery. A note in the psalter mentions the death of the Serbian despote George Branković and the only place where it could resonate was the Rila monastery, to which the relics of St John of Rila were translated from Tarnovo through the agency of Mara Branković, George’s daughter. In the monastery was copied the only other known commentated psalter with exactly the same interpretations of the Creed and Lord’s prayer placed at the mid-psalms. There is a vague evidence that Mara Branković made a donation to the Bachkovo monastery which could have included the Bulgarian king’s manuscript. Such a suggestion presuposes that the psalter was already in Rila together with other manuscripts which, as is known, came from Tarnovo, or that it accompanied the relics. However, the discrepancy between the dates of the transfer of the relics and the commemorative note, which was not current at the time, raises another problem. Unfortunately, there are no sources to support either these, or even the assumption that at some time books from the Bachkovo monastery library has been transferred to the neighbouring Kuklen monastery.
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The author of the article sets out the principles of abbreviation applied by the South Slavic translator who compiled the summary translation Протль(к) лу(т)ргїи, и црк҃ви, и чинꙋ сщ҃енничьскомꙋ of the treatise “ Ἑρμηνεία περὶ τοῦ θείου ναοῦ” by St. Symeon of Thessalonica, known today by two transcripts – RGADA 88 and Bogišić 52. The comparison with the Greek text shows that the entire text of St. Symeon’s “Interpretation of the Temple” undergoes a systematic condensation at both macro and micro textual levels. The condensation is tied to the goals set by the translator. For purely practical reasons, he reduced the text of the treatise to a minimum, preserving only the most important and unambiguous explanations of the liturgical sequence, of the parts of the church building, of the liturgical utensils and vestments. However, additional reflections, alternative interpretations and a large part of the quotations from the Holy Scriptures and the liturgical books were removed. This gives reason to define the liturgical interpretation from RGADA 88 and Bogišić 52 as an epitome of its Byzantine source – the treatise “ Ἑρμηνεία περὶ τοῦ θείου ναοῦ” by St. Symeon of Thessalonica, its concise summary.
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The article is devoted to the description of the conquest of Constantinople and the Genoese colony of Pera in La Cronica dall’anno 1400 all’anno 1500 of the Florentine Benedetto Dei. The author situates the two chapters dedicated to these victories in the context of the entire chronicle; she dwells on issues such as the sources of information, the time of compilation, mistakes made, the general assessment of events dictated by Benedetto Dei’s biases and widespread public opinions. A Bulgarian translation of the chapters Otomanno Ughulì gran turco 1453; Pera 1454 is applied.
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In the Russian Chronograph the history of the Slavs is presented as part of the world history. The history of the Bulgarians also occupies an important place in the chronicle. The separate editions and transcripts of the Russian chronograph contain valuable information about the fall of the Bulgarian state under Ottoman rule, included in chapters and paragraphs devoted to the Serbian history. It tells about the conquest of the Vidin kingdom, the death of Constantine, the son of Tsar Ivan Sratsimir, the destruction of Bulgaria and other Balkan countries, presented as God‘s punishment for the many sins of Christians. Some of the information contained in the Chronograph is missing in other Russian chronicles. A number of peculiarities of the text show that in addition to the Life of Stefan Lazarević by Constantine of Kostenets, Serbian chronicles were used as a source for Bulgarian history. Among the Bulgarian works used in compiling the Russian Chronograph, there is no one that describes the fall of Bulgarian lands under Ottoman rule, and Serbian sources are the ones that fill the gap. At a time when Serbs and Bulgarians had a similar fate and Bulgarian writers worked in the Serbian royal court, historical texts tell the story of the Balkan peoples as a common struggle against the conquerors.
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Nathan Devers, pe numele său adevărat Nathan Naccache, la cei 24 de ani ai săi, se află deja, în 2022, la al treilea roman, Les Liens artificiels, publicat de editura Albin Michel, venit la puţin timp după Ciel et terre (Flammarion, 2020) şi Espace fumeur (Grasset, 2021). Legăturile artificiale au beneficiat imediat de atenţia publicului şi a criticii, romanul aflându-se în competiţia pentru mai multe premii literare prestigioase (regăsindu-se inclusiv în cadrul selecţiei anunțate de Academia Goncourt).
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Selon Louis Porcher […] il ne faut pas séparer la langue et la civilisation, car « aucun trait de civilisation n’existe indépendamment de la langue » (PORCHER, 1982) et la langue est un porteur de la culture et de la civilisation. De ce fait, l’enseignement de la langue et la civilisation doivent se mener de pair. (https://arlap.hypotheses.org/3571)
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In this article, we have chosen to observe the functioning of citational practices through theanalysis of a corpus of articles published in satirical newspapers written in French andRomanian. In fact, satirical discourse most often presents uses of quotation sometimesconsidered "deviant" in the sense that it subverts the norms: the role attributed to directdiscourse is different, the sources cited are chosen and named according to particularcriteria, the methods of inserting the quoted discourse into the quoting discourse transgressusual practices. In the articles taken into consideration, the purpose of this diversion is thetriggering of laughter through the degradation, the distortion of reality. Our analysis willexamine the sources of laughter through the nuanced observation of the uses of citationalpractices identified in the corpus, in an equally comparative and complementary approach
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According to American cultural historian and academic librarian Robert Darnton, the history of the book resembles a tropical rainforest more than a research field. On the other hand, French historian and historiographer Roger Chartier suggests exploring different types of reading. Following the extensive contribution of both scholars, this paper strives to present a short review of the emergence, scope, and development of the history of books and reading, as well as its leading authors and works. Furthermore, the paper utilizes three English novels to briefly shed light on the phenomenon of the readers’ and critics’ reception in different social and historical contexts. In compliance with the observed, this paper concludes with the anticipation of the increased significance of the history of books and reading, keeping in mind the changing reading habits in the digital era.
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The harvest episode presented in the novel Stone on Stone by Wiesław Myśliwski focuses on the basic structural features of this writer's works. The world of Myśliwski's works is based on the opposition "old - new", which is strengthened (or rather supplemented) by the confrontation on the "nature - civilization" axis. In such a juxtaposition, the past ("old") is usually affirmed.
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