MODERNI IR POSTMODERNI TIKROVĖS SAMPRATOS: KANTO IR BORGESO POŽIŪRIAI Į EMANUELĮ SWEDENBORGĄ

Author(s): Lina Vidauskytė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 72/2007

The article deals with two different interpretations of the “transcendental” experience of Swedish mystic Emanuel Swedenborg offered by Immanuel Kant and Jorge Luis Borges. From the beginning Swedenborgian experience was questionable. One of the first investigators of Swedenborg‘s texts was Immanuel Kant who strictly criticised the mystic. Kantian own “experience” is exposite in “Universe Theory according to Principles of Newton” (1755) and “Physical Geography” (1802). In a matter of principle Kantian “experience” has no different from experience of Swedenborg. Kant‘s standpoint to Swedish mystic is modern, i.e. the strongest criteria of the reality is a common sense. Contrary to this modern view is exposed postmodern attitude to visions and descriptions of spiritual world of Swedenborg. J. L. Borges represents such standpoint. Borges was influenced by the philosophy of George Berkeley. According to Borges there is no different between real reality and percepted reality.

ТЮРКСКИЙ МИР РУССКОГО ПИСАТЕЛЯ: «СКАЗАНИЕ О СИБИРСКОМ ХАНЕ, СТАРОМ КУЧУМЕ» Д. Н. МАМИНА-СИБИРЯКА

Author(s): Valentina Gabdullina / Language(s): English,Russian Issue: 2/2017

The article studies the special aspects of the author’s conception of the East and the principles of the reconstruction of the way of life and mentality of the Turks in “Eastern legends” by D. N. Mamin-Sibiryak within the context of the general interest the Russian literature of the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries experienced toward orientalism. Based on the “Legend of the Siberian Khan, Old Kuchum” the process of evolution of the poetic stylization into an individual and author’s version of the genre form is analyzed, as a result of comprehension, aesthetic mastering and the embodiment of the culture of another nation, folkloristic and mythological figurativeness in the artistic text of the Russian writer. In the “Legend…” there is clearly seen the aspiration of the author to show life of the nomadic people “internally”, to look beyond the existing estimative stereotypes about Siberian peoples set in the perception of the Russian in the period of the conquest of Siberia by the troops of the Russian Tsar with ataman Yermak at the head. For the purpose of a comparative analysis the annalistic sources are used (the Esipovsky chronicle). The research is conducted from the perspective of cultural and historical, imagological and motive approaches.

W. G. Sebald czuje. Melancholiczny zawrót głowy

Author(s): Sławomir Masłoń / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2016

In this article on W. G. Sebald’s writerly strategies Masłoń mainly draws on Walter Benjamin’s theory of tragic drama. His goal is to show the ways in which the reader, caught in melancholy discourse, is subjected to narrative manipulation; thanks to this manipulation the traumatic void (written about in order to be commemorated) is transformed into the aesthetic completeness of empathising with the writer’s ‘authentic’ sensitivity. Sebald’s writing is, therefore, sentimental in terms of both content and form: the procedures intended to suggest traces of trauma in the narrative – such as the characters’ depsychologisation or the fragmentation of the narrative – fail to make us question the possibility of representation. Instead, these procedures are overcome and absorbed in the author’s potentially infinite knowledge and erudition.

The textual influences of Jacob Ledesma’s catechism and the catechism of Mikalojus Daukša on the anonymous catechism of 1605

Author(s): Anželika Smetonienė / Language(s): English Issue: 68/2016

The article compares the relationship between the texts of the Polish Ledesma’s catechism, the catechism of Mikalojus Daukša and the catechism of 1605. The problem of the source for the Polish translation of Ledesma’s text and, consequently, for the two Lithuanian versions of the catechism is briefly introduced: scholarly opinions differ as to when the Italian original of Ledesma’s catechism was published. Likewise unknown is the exact date of the translation of Ledesma’s catechism into the Polish language. Both Lithuanian translations were accomplished from the Polish Ledesma’s catechism; however, there are significant differences between them. Daukša was the first to accomplish a translation of such nature into Lithuanian, whereas the anonymous translator of the catechism of 1605 used not only the Polish source, but also Daukša’s catechism, which had been rendered ten years earlier. Although the relationship between the latter text and the Polish translation as well as the Italian original has already been investigated, the comparison of the catechism of 1605 to the Polish version of Ledesma’s catechism and to the catechism translated by Daukša still needs to be drawn. The aim of the present article is to compare the three catechisms and to investigate the textual influence of Daukša’s catechism (which had been published earlier) on the anonymous translation of the catechism of 1605; in other words, to determine whether the catechism of 1605 was translated directly from the Polish catechism of Ledesma, or whether the translator relied more on the text of Daukša’s catechism; also, to identify the authorial lines of the anonymous author.

The Psalters in Vernacular Languages. An exhibition June 27th-August 31st 2018, Museikon (Alba Iulia)

Author(s): Vladimir Agrigoroaei / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

Vernacular Psalters and the Early Rise of Linguistic Identities. International Conference June 27th-28th 2018, Museikon (Alba Iulia)

Author(s): Ana Dumitran / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

Devotional Literature in the Late Middle Ages and Early Modern Period. International Conference May 31st-June 2nd 2018, “Lucian Blaga” Central University Library (Cluj-Napoca)

Author(s): Vladimir Agrigoroaei / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

Flaubert et la caricature : l’exigence de la modernité

Author(s): Thierry Poyet / Language(s): French Issue: 10/2020

Caricatured at times by his contemporaries, Flaubert provokes extreme reactions. In his Correspondence, he dares to present a plethora of caricatures which suit his moods and his opinions, excelling in hyperbole and emphasis. A word of his own summed it up: « hénaurrrme ». Besides, his most memorable characters are caricatures: Emma – of love, Bouvard and Pécuchet – of stupidity, Félicité of Un cœur simple – of kindness. In Flaubert’s factory, the incarnation is intrinsically linked to deformation, itself degraded into a parody. Because the caricature in Flaubert is part of a nihilistic thought: the novelist participates in a general deconstruction of bourgeois society by an obviously political caricature even if the writer refrains from using the work as a platform, in the name of “autotelism” of art. Basically, it is Flaubert’s modernity that justifies his taste and the use of caricature.

Poésie et utopie en France, au XIXe siècle

Author(s): Françoise Sylvos / Language(s): French Issue: 11/2021

This paper confronts versified positivist propaganda (Du Camp) with lyrical and visionary prose of Saint-Simon’s followers (Duveyrier). Taking as the point of departure Baudelaire’s judgment about the incompatibility between poetry and didacticism, this paper queries the status and aesthetic value of social poetry. The working class poetry (One hundred small miseries, Social work) is full of vitality of the popular style, replete with humorous energy and fantasy, whereas the socialist fable (Lachambeaudie) expresses a lot of empathy. Under the positivist prophets’ pen, the disciplines – religion, architecture, poetry, mathematics – are not separated but analogous and convertible. According to these thinkers, there is no difference between a poem, picture of the ideal city and utopia itself. Social innovation can only be told by the innovative form of the urban prose poem, and the Industrial Revolution calls for a revolution of poetic forms. The poeticity of these texts, inversely proportional to the realism and to the specialization of the lexicon used, stems from the art of suggestion and the rise of imagination renewed by technical, urban and scientific modernity.

Socio-cultural interpretation of the phenomenon of old age in Shakespeare‘s tragedy King Lear

Author(s): Ana M. Andrejević / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 4/2021

The focus of the research in this paper is socio-cultural interpretation of the phenomenon of old age and intergenerational conflict with the literary projection in King Lear. The study of the socio-historical context in which the play was written is focused on the renaissance interpretation of old age and equation of the representatives of this age group with the remainder of the feudal system at the moment of the awakening of individualism and the beginning of capitalism. The interdisciplinary approach has been applied in the research, while the basic theoretical framework of the paper is composed of the theses of the sociology of literature and theatre, literary methods of new historicism, as well as gerontology, the psychology of getting older, and sociology of the family. The main hypothesis considered in the paper is that this Shakespeare‘s tragedy reflects the social reality of the late renaissance era, including the marginalized position of old age. The obtained results show intolerance of the social environment towards old persons and the subversive character of younger generations that often express gerontophobia, which is in favour the classification of King Lear as a geriatric tragedy.

Tijelo i identitet u stvaralaštvu Senke Marić

Author(s): Melida Travančić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1/2021

Senka Marić, in her book of poetry Do smrti naredne and in her novel Kintsugi tijela, focuses on the body, i.e. the analysis and interpretation of changes in the body caused by illness. The aim of this paper is to confirm the assumption that the body can condition identity and show how this is achieved in the book of poetry Do smrti naredne and the novel Kintsugi tijela, works which best show what kind of change in the body and then female identity we are talking about. These works tell a story about the changes that take place in a woman and the manner that they manifest in the world around her. The changes in the body condition all other “life roles” of a woman and it is the best indicator of (self-)identification. Special attention in the paper is paid to the way the illness affects the body, to what a woman (before and after) is. The body itself is a part of identity and it often physically reflects all the experiences and all the situations that we are exposed to are often visibly manifested on the body, as well as the pain that is impossible to hide and (or) control.

Lanțul generațiilor. arhive , narativizări și culturi ale trecutului coord.: Astrid Cambose, Antonie Dumitru Chelcea, Nicolae Mihai,Cluj-Napoca. Mega/Argonaut, 2020

Author(s): Gheorghe Negustor / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 34-35/2021

Есть ли глаголические буквы в двух надписях из Боснии и Герцеговины и на камнях из долины Брегальницы?

Author(s): Savva Mikhaylovich Mikheev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2(30)/2021

Two inscriptions from Bosnia and Herzegovina (from the vicinities of Livno and Ljubuški) and a group of graffiti from the Bregalnica river basin in the eastern part of North Macedonia are examined in this paper. It has been suggested by previous scholars that all of these inscriptions contain Glagolitic letters. The first part of the paper offers grammatical analysis and a new translation of the inscription on the tomb of a priest named Těhodrag. The tomb was unearthed in 2003 around Livno, 50 km northeast of Split. In the second section the author examines the graphics of the donor inscription on the Humac tablet from the vicinity of Ljubuški, 30 km southwest of Mostar, and proposes a revised reading of the text. The third part offers an interpretation of enigmatic signs on stones from the Bregalnica river basin, northeast of Štip. The author comes to the conclusion that none of the examined epigraphic sources contain Glagolitic letters. Both inscriptions from Bosnia and Herzegovina are in Cyrillic with some letters written in mirror image. The letter «есть» is turned 180 degrees in both graffiti, and there is one mirror «вѣдѣ» and two mirror «нашь» at the end of the inscription on the Humac tablet. The abundance of mirror-image letters probably stems from the unique shape of the Humac inscription itself: its tiered lines go around the fours sides of the tablet, forming something like a squared spiral. As for the supposedly «Glagolitic» signs on stones from the Bregalnica river basin, closer study reveals that they are tamgas, most likely carved by bearers of the Turkic cultural tradition, the Bulgars.

Сообщение 1044 года в текстологии списков Начальной летописи

Author(s): Tetjana Leonidovna Vilkul / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2(30)/2021

One piece of the 1044 annual entry of the Primary Chronicle contains account about a unique event in the history of Old Rus, which historians and philologists have interpreted time and again. During the reign of Yaroslav the Wise the remains («bones») of his uncles Yaropolk and Oleg the sons of Svyatoslav were dug up and baptized, and former pagan Kievan princes were honorably reburied in the Church of the Mother of God of Tithes. Though that unusual practice contradicted church canons, the prince Yaroslav’s contemporaries were most likely not fully aware of it, as not all church rules shortly after the baptism of Rus were strictly adhered to. Scholars have found Scandinavian and Icelandic parallels to that story, which allow its interpretation in the context of a dynastic cult, various manifestations of which can be observed on the barbaric periphery of Europe. Comparison of the main manuscripts of the Primary Chronicle of the Laurentian and Hypatian branches, the seniour First Novgorod Chronicle and Novgorod-Sophian group shows that the impressive 1044 year’s entry attracted the attention of medieval editors and copyists, that caused discrepancies in all versions. The article analyzes the nature of those discrepancies in the field of textual criticism. The main witnesses have their own features, while the Novgorod-Sophian group combines heterogeneous variant readings. The noteworthy addition «in Volodymer» after the name of the church in the Hypatian and Novgorod-Sophian branches «moves» events from Kiev to Vladimir-on-Klyazma or Vladimir-Volhynsky and was an obviously anachronism, for the cathedrals in both cities were built in the second half of the 12th century. It rather inserted by a post-Mongol scribe, unfamiliar with Kievan realities. The afftinity of the Hypatian and Novgorod-Sophian group in that variant reading prompts a close examination other shared similarities. Several spot-check readings founded in some entries may indicate the impact of the South Rus version on the common protograph of the Novgorod-Sophian chronicles. All the same, a number of clear borrowings from the Hypatian branch are observed only in somewhat later stratum of the compilations.

Sztetl Orla

Author(s): Elijahu Noach Halperin / Language(s): Polish Issue: 108/2021

A Podlasie town in the photograph and the memoirs of the last local rabbi

Dom lalek. Zegar i to, czego nie wiemy o czasie

Author(s): Tadeusz Sławek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

Jean Jacques Rousseau in his praise of Geneva notes that the most flourishing industry in this town is watch- and clock-making, the source of income of nearly one fifth of the inhabitants. As we read on, it turns out that what is at stake is not only manufacturing of mechanical chronometric devices but twisting together of social and economic life with technology and, interestingly enough, establishing an extraterrestrial, although lay, horizon for the human life. A clock did not only measure hours of our mortal existence but also remained related to the rhythms of cosmic movements of planets. Hence, starting from Tadeusz Różewicz’s poem “Dolls’ House” we are trying to demonstrate that what matters is not only the very fact of being able to survive, go on living according to the measurements of the clock, like Swift’s Gulliver who “seldom did any thing without consulting it”; what we focus on is, rather, the ability to live in a more profound way which implies a different relation with time and man’s temporality.

Świat nakręcony. Zegar jako figura natury i obrotu spraw ludzkich w poezji Wacława Potockiego

Author(s): Agnieszka Czechowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

The article shows the presence of the motif of a mechanical clock in Wacław Potocki’s poetry and it analyses as well his poetic reflection inspired by complexity of the clock mechanism. Chronometers, like other achievements of craftsmanship or culture, are treated by the poet as allegorical illustrations of the truths of the Christian faith and moral principles, as well as artful results of interpretations of the order that permeates both nature and the regularities of human affairs. The author of the paper shows that in the poems of the poet from Łużna, a watch becomes a “meditative piece” that inspires cosmological, anthropological and religious reflection. In Potocki’s writing, the clock mechanism stimulates reflection on the laws of the great mechanism of the universe and the civilization, and it reminds of the principle of entropy and its consequences as inevitable future of the world.

Dwie podróże Sienkiewicza (o labiryncie czasowym XIX-wiecznej Europy)

Author(s): Wojciech Tomasik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

Before the railway age each European community used the so called “real sun time” (when the sun showed high noon at the town hall it was noon all over town). The differences in time became very troublesome with increased speed of traveling. Each railway overcame the problem of the local time by adopting for operations and timetable purposes the time of some import ant city along the line which it served. Watch-setting rules were mandatory for the train crew members. In February 1876 it was necessary for Henryk Sienkiewicz to change his watch many times during his journey from Warsaw to London. Most probably, the writer ignored the local time of each large city en route in Europe (in Berlin, Bruxelles, London). He also ignored the local time, traveling by train across the United States. Sienkiewicz was deeply accustomed to the Warsaw’s torn temporality.

Czy Białoszewski często patrzył na zegarek?

Author(s): Adam Poprawa / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

There are only a few pictures presenting Miron Białoszewski with a watch on his hand. This everyday item returns in writer’s texts as a detail of presented world or a component of metaphorical construction. Author informs us very frequently about a time of action and hours of writing.

„Autobiografia? Mam wrażenie, że napisałem ją za wcześnie…” Fackenheima marzenie o Aufhebung

Author(s): Piotr Weiser / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

The essay is an attempt to read the autobiography of the Jewish philosopher Emil L. Fackenheim (1916–2003), born in Halle exiled to Toronto, settled in Jerusalem, an experienced reader of Hegel. Fackenheim asks Hegel about the significance of the XXth century, seeking in his philosophy clues, if not answers. Above all, he confronts Hegelian dialectics with the reality that he calls the planet of Auschwitz.