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Ion Valjan: With the Voice of Time. The Hypostasis of a Romanian Belle Epoque

Author(s): Stefania Maria Custură / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2014

Ioan Valjan is the literary pseudonym of Ion Al. Vasilescu (1881-1960), famous lawyer, playwright, writer of memoirs, publicist and politician. Dramatic author in the line of Caragiale, he was the manager of The National Theatre in Bucharest between 1923 and 1924, and general manager of theatres between 1923 and 1926. He wrote drama, he collaborated with Sburătorul, Vremea, Rampa, being appreciated by the exigent literary critique of the inter-war period. After the war, in 1950, he was involved in a political trial, accused of high treason, espionage for Great Britain, and got sentenced to 15 years imprisonment, where he died. Valjan is the author of the only theatrical show, played in a communist prison, Revista Pitești 59. Ioan Valjan’s memoirs, With the Voice of Time. Memories, written during the Second World War, represent a turn back in time, into the age of the author’s childhood and adolescence, giving the contemporary reader the chance to travel in time and space, the end of the nineteenth century and the first two decades of the past century projecting an authentic image, in the Romanian version of a Belle Epoque, interesting and extremely prolific for the Romanian cultural life. Also, evoking his childhood years spent in cities by the Danube (Călărași, Brăila, Turnu-Severin), Valjan unveils the harmonious meeting of different peoples and their mentalities, which transform the Danube Plain into an interethnic space of unique value.

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Ion Pop - polivalența creatoare

Author(s): George Achim / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2018

Professor and scholar Ion Pop has reached the age of full synthesis at the auspicious time of an extraordinary intellectual and creative dynamics. His writing can now have, most certainly, a definitive edition, but the author has interwoven his life and text so deeply – much like in the title of one his criticism books – that he can find new and fresh motivation and resources to sacrifice himself in the poetical or critical text, with an extraordinary creative vitality. In an exercice of imagination and admiration, but also of rigour of interpretation, we shall talk about Ion Pop, the Member of the Academy, the professor, the flagship of the Echinox movement, the poet, essay writer and translator, all in all the spirit of completeness, coming from a mythical Transylvanian scholarly tradition – that of a refined culture and carefully uttered word. We shall examine two essential facets of the polyhedric personality of Ion Pop, so closely linked and interwoven that they cannot be firmly detached and, ultimately, we do not see it necessary to do it. We are talking about the poet and the critic, both valid and successful images on different levels of the literary scene.

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Laurențiu Ulici – o privire dinspre posteritatea critică

Author(s): George Achim / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2018

Although Laurentiu Ulici benefits from a rather ingrate critical posterity, bordering on a polite reception at best, on a fragmentary or strictly specialized reception (by appeal especially to the historical and literary context of his debut), he was without a doubt for more than three decades one of the most authorized and used exegetic voices in the Romanian critique. The fact that he did not make it to the status of incontestable critical stance in his age is more likely linked to a biographical contextual deficit: the lack of university studies, which provides authority and imperative verdict or the lack of an erudite and completing erudite synthesis, able to model the physiognomy of an era in a canonic manner.

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Femininul mitologic în balada populară română

Author(s): Elena Maria Alexandru / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2018

The aim of this paper is to present the hypostasis of mythological female characters in folk-ballads. Images of monstrous Sila Samodiva or Scorpia come from the legends and from the epic ritual folklore in order to become heroines of their own stories bringing new aspects and meanings to their nature. Thus, their stories, already carrying beautiful symbols and legendary actions, gain more originality. As characters, they are not as strong and feared because they sometimes lose their archetypal functions. However, this does not mean that they lose all their forces, but they are likely to change their true nature. The myth works at the level of reinventing the literary plan. The mythological wild girl, The Amazon, follows her destiny becoming a lovely wife, Fata Pădurii, being like an earthly mermaid, finds her end and switches the role with her victims. Scorpia loses the battle being kneeled by her maternal qualities, while Sila, although being defeated at first, wins the final battle and remains the legendary evil fairy. Located at the foundation of the ballad, the myth works as a semantic "DNA" republishing and emphasizing the uniqueness of the Romanian folk-ballads.

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Leda sau superficialitatea fetei „cu joben”

Author(s): Alina-Maria Nechita / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2018

The present paper shows the way the female literary character transforms under the unyielding eye of the blackmailer narrator. In the interwar period, Lydia Manolovich, a muse of bourgeois society, becomes a grotesque caricature of a novel meant to create various speculations but also to bring to the readers attention scabrous details from the backstage of a apparent perfect world.

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Vasile Latiș - poetul orfic și oracular

Author(s): George Achim / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2019

Poet, ethnologist and anthropologist, with clear inclinations for philosophy, especially the type of philosophy linked to the meditation on language, a teacher as well, Vasile Latis has proven very well to be the representative of a high form of Transylvanian scholar, rooted in the relentless search for the way of things and the primordial meaning of things.In an oracular style, orphic and somehow bleak, Latis manages to bring forward in a natural manner the figure of the profound and inspired person, the one who saw and knows and managed to reach the essences, descending to roots and archetypes - categories that are very present not only in his lyrical work but also in his scientific works.

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Underground Space in Romanian Literature: the Mine

Author(s): Carmen Dărăbuş / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

The paper analyzes, through some concepts as heterotopy and chirotopy, the meanings of the underground space of mine in Romanian literature from the XX century, space located at the crossroads between reality and imagination, just because the access is difficult, in fusion with the idea of death.

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Publicistica lui Liviu Rebreanu

Author(s): Alina Dorle / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2019

Liviu Rebreanu is a strong intellectual presence and, at the same time, enjoyed a great social prestige. His literary talent and work capacity have ensured a spectacular critical reception and a great public success.Without a political engagement and ideological involvement, the journalist Liviu Rebreanu records with an acute observation sense the dynamic rhythms of the social and political life in interwar Romania: the succession in power of political parties, the pros and cons of parliamentary democracy, the crisis of capitalism, the mirage of western forms, the apparition and development of extreme ideological phenomena and the development and downfall of the royal dictatorship.

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Poezia lui Grigore Vieru: edificare a spiritului și (re)construcție a lumii

Author(s): Cristian Serdeșniuc / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3/2022

The poem of Vieru contributed significantly to the reeducation of a psychologically disfigured by proletarian ideology nation. Pioneer’s song and “October’s” acclamations replaced the tune of the sun and the impressive dialogue of non-speaker beings. Vieru’s living beings guided the little reader through the discovery of the vital senses and himself. The poem of Vieru demonstrates the sacredness of an infantile universe: a native village, a parent`s house, a mother’s being, and an inhabitant of nature. The figurative projector of the village in the poems of Vieru is identified as a truly “pantheon” of the value cult. A village re(calls) the reader to come back to the ancestral springs. In the being of a little reader, the poet educates some general human values through intermedia of the rural poem and its “world”.

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Nulla dies sine linea

Author(s): Ana Blandiana / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 9/2022

Interview offered by Ana Blandiana to the literary review Elipsis from Ecuador.

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Cineva se îndrăgostește de cineva sau Cum să-ți arăți iubirea față de un alt scriitor

Author(s): Iulia STOICHIŢ / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 10-11/2022

In this essay, I’m presenting the literary influences of Andrei Mocuța, a young Romanian writer, that it is known to be a fan of Richard Brautigan’s writing. Mostly, it focuses on the impact Richard Brautigan had on his writing and as a true measure for that, I’m analyzing a book he wrote, called The Brautigan Library, which it is hard to put into a category because of it being so eclectic. This book also proves to be a collaborative work as well, because a couple of Romanian writers show their appreciation for Richard Brautigan through letters written to the American writer.

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Influențe și confluențe în literatura română contemporană. I. Anchetă scriitori

Author(s): Ruxandra Maria Burcescu,Teodora Coman,Mina Decu,Lia Faur,Gabriela Feceoru,Simona Goșu,Daniela Hendea,Cristina Ispas,Daniel D. Marin,Ştefania Lavinia MIHALACHE,Andrei Mocuța,Cosmina Moroșan,Raluca Nagy,Marta Petreu,Savu Popa,Ofelia Prodan,Andreea Rasuceanu,Dan Sociu,Cornelia Stancu,Iulia STOICHIŢ,Károly Szőcs,Krista SZÖCS,Ioan Șerbu,Tamás Mihók,Marcel Vișa,Andrei Zbîrnea / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 10-11/2022

"Vatra" magazine invites some writers to answer the following questions: 1. Which writers have influenced you? How have they stimulated your creativity? 2. What role do you attribute to cultural references in your creation (authors, literary works, music, TV series, etc.)? How much do you take into account the potentialities of cultural dialogue when you write? 3. Do you consider that your work is in a relationship of continuity or discontinuity with previous literary generations? 4. Do you consider that in current, extremely contemporary Romanian literature, we are still dealing with a subversive countermodel (imported, as in the case of the eighties, for example), or is it still necessary to mark a break with the literary tradition? 5. What would be the lines of major influences and confluences (internal and external), identifiable in current prose/poetry? Can they be unitarily systematized or are they, rather, heterogeneous? Can it be said that a certain literary genre is more susceptible to them, or that it has a higher degree of permeability?

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Transculturality in Romanian literary histories: The case of literature from Moldova

Author(s): Eva Kenderessy / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

The Romanian literary-historical reception of literature written in the Romanian language from the Republic of Moldova is an indicator of (trans)cultural tendencies, but it also expresses the ideological and political attitudes of its authors. This is because it is the literature of a culture that historically has been part of different cultural and power spheres: the Moldavian princely (from the Middle Ages to 1812), the Russian tsarist (1812–1920), the “Greater Romanian” (1920–1940, 1941–1944), the Soviet (1944–1991), and finally the autonomous Moldovan. In the present study, using the examples of three Romanian and two foreign (Slovak and Czech) literary-historical narratives on Romanian literature, I attempt to show how their authors approached the question of the inclusion/non-inclusion of literature, written in Romanian, from Moldova (as well as Moldavia), and to describe the mechanisms behind the formulation of these attitudes and their changes.

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MR. ANGHELACHE’S CASE

Author(s): Roxana COTRUȘ (ISPAS) / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 4/2022

One of the characters of Romanian Literature left to these days in a mystery area is Anghelache, a humble public servant and the protagonist of the short story "Inspecțiune", written by I.L. Caragiale. What surprises most is the tragic end offered by his suicidal act, apparently for no reason, an act that will prove to be, in fact, the only way out of the trap of corruptibility.

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E.A. Baconsky. Materia unui colaj kitsch

Author(s): Daniela Petroşel / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2 (36)/2022

This paper aims to analyze the various forms of kitsch – aesthetic kitsch, social kitsch, tourist kitsch and kitsch-world – in the theoretical and poetic texts of A.E. Baconsky. His essays on the new poetic paradigm interrogate the forms of mimetic kitsch, seen as part of an extensive metamorphic process of aesthetic thinking throughout the ’50s-’60s. The quest for a new aesthetic paradigm challenges the artistic hierarchies of modernity and puts forward unsettling simulations. In addition, Baconsky’s travel notes in the Western world, fallen prey to technology and consumerism, bring to the fore alienating forms of social kitsch. The writer describes the tourist kitsch, followed by the degradation of artistic objects, all summarizing a whole tradition of souvenirs and memorabilia. Moreover, his poetic texts from Corabia lui Sebastian interrogatively stage a reified space where objects look more alive than human beings, while weak individuals read the signs of an apocalyptic world. The literature itself is mechanized and written language becomes the compressed matter of kitsch collage.

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Planuri ale narațiunii în romanul Regina străzii de Gabriela Melinescu

Author(s): Ana Sanduloviciu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2 (36)/2022

Gabriela Melinescu’s novel titled Regina străzii (The Street’s Queen), first published in French in Sweden in 1988, presents the reader with an emblematic universe for the writer in exile, an imaginary world laden with haunting images of childhood and youth. The city, the neighborhood, the street, as well as the real world characters that were a source of inspiration for the writer, will be sublimated in the novel, creating a fictional space that often evokes dreams, while narrative elements and the plot, are replaced symbolic dreams, expectations, and the characters’ inability to act.The most important theme of the book is the exit, the character’s attempt to transgress the space in which they live, in which they are forced to live, that of Teiul Mare Street, of the neighborhood and of the gray and sad city. The novel is a parable of an extremely difficult period of the Romanian history, that of the communist period. There are no precise spatial-temporal coordinates, only suggestions, similar contexts, and figures that refer, however, to well-known characters of that age, such as shoemaker Zeno, for instance. The protagonists are surrounded by an aura of mystery and sadness, living only with the hope that they will one day escape this world which is enclosing them like a shell, and in which almost nothing happens. They usually relate to the past, recalling events from a different time, in which life had brightness and people could enjoy and live with hope for a future of change or transformation. The novel, which consists of thirty intertwined stories, has a pronounced allegorical touch. We can speak of an allegorical-mystical and poetic fantasy, as a kind of fairy tale in which emblematic characters fulfill destinies directed from the shadows by a mysterious puppeteer. Zora, Aaron, Fosca lead their lives in the most banal way, unlike the vulnerable and only seemingly sensitive Sandora. She lives more trying to decipher the dreams she has, and wandering at night on the deserted streets of the city. In terms of writing, several plans can be detected, the most visible being that of the daily “real”, sometimes drawn by the narrator in an ironic spirit, vis-à-vis some emblematic characters for that historical period. Another level is that of allegory, supported by a dense fabric of symbols of existence, dream and death. The novel also has a fantastic level, which develops from the desire of some characters to transgress the real and to live more in dream, trying to decipher signs sent from the afterlife.

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solitaire

Author(s): Dorin Tudoran / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3-4/2023

Astăzi, 15 martie, la Teatrul Național Craiova, are loc lansarea celei de a doua ediții a romanului lui Ion. D. Sîrbu „Adio, Europa!”, ediție îngrijită de Toma Velici, prefață – Costin Cioltoș, postfață – Ruxandra Cesereanu. Participă: Clara Mareș, expert cercetare la IICCMER, Cosmin Ciotloș, profesor la Departamentul de Studii Literare al Facultății de Litere București, Marius Ghica, scriitor, eseist, și Toma Velici, editor. Cum primele pagini ale romanului au fost publicate în revista AGORA în 1991 (în același număr publicam și farsa politică a lui Iosif Brodski, „Democracy!”, traducere – Andrei Brezianu), poetul Nicolae Coande, moderatorul evenimentului de la Craiova, m-a invitat să scriu câteva rânduri.

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sociograme

Author(s): Cseke Gabor,Dan Culcer / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3-4/2023

Interview with Dan Culcer by Cseke Gábor.

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(RE)CONSTRUCTING THE SELF IN WOMEN’S AUTOFICTION: THE CASE OF SAȘA ZARE’S DEZRĂDĂCINARE

Author(s): Alisa Ștefania Tite / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

(Re)constructing the Self in Women’s Autofiction: The Case of Sașa Zare’s Dezrădăcinare. This paper aims to examine the (re)construction of the female subject in contemporary autobiographical fiction by looking into Sașa Zare’s debut novel, Dezrădăcinare. Drawing on feminist and postfeminist theory as well as research on self-writing centred on women’s inscription of personhood in their works, this study attempts to investigate the relationship between the narrator and the narrated self, focusing on the negotiated distance between the two fictional constructs. This analysis will build on concepts such as metatextuality, autotheory, performativity, and on Lacanian and post-Lacanian feminist means of understanding the self as a product of societal and cultural discourse (as opposed to the idea of a unified self), by centring on the narrative techniques that show the narrator’s perception of herself, and struggle to represent different parts of her identity (the writer, the daughter, the girlfriend, the student and the therapy patient). As language plays an important part in rendering the feminine subject’s fragmented vision of her identity, this paper will highlight the role of personal and societal narratives in constructing an idea of the self.

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Perestroika și noua poetică basarabeană: Eugen Cioclea și Grigore Chiper

Author(s): Daniel Cristea-Enache / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1 (37)/2023

The poetic model Păunescu − Vieru hasn’t diminished its value in the Bessarabian literary space and most probably the lyrism with ethnical and ethical elements will be regarded as a source of inspiration for the new generation of poets.The study problematizes a unifying perspective by simplifying, reducing the field of poetical experiences to a patriotic dominant feature. Considering the perspective from a distance, outside the Bessarabian literary space, as well as from the inside, we notice the way that a poet chooses one or several models no matter the space and its matrix, his mother tongue and the time frame he lives in.Considering and studying such authors as Eugen Cioclea and Grigore Chiper in the cultural-historic context of the Perestroika time and the following period, two personal and original lyrical voices are revealed, outside the poetic model of the Bessarabian patriotic commitment, obviously synchronizing with the poetic reality on the other side of the Prut River.

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