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Dramaturgia Maksyma Gorkiego w Polsce

Author(s): Iwona Krycka-Michnowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 11/2018

Maxim Gorky’s person has become a legend already during the writer’s life, andhis perception has been ideologized both in Russia and abroad. This is evidencedby the analysis carried out in the article reception Gorky’s drama in Poland, themost important phase of which was determined by the changing political situation.The reception has changed substantially: from the spontaneous popularity of theRussian writer at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries through ambivalence in theinterwar period, forced apotheosis after World War II to marginalization after 1989and reinterpretation attempts in recent times. As the analysis shows, a significantpart of Gorky’s plays has survived the difficult test of time. These literary works, formany directors and spectators, are a carrier of universal values, while the authoris considered a classic of Russian dramaturgy.

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War, peace and Franco-Russian relations: French translations of Tolstoy’s “Sebastopol Sketches” in periodicals (1855–1885)

Author(s): Gaëtan Regniers / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

French translations of Tolstoy’s Crimean war prose (published in periodicals between 1855 and 1885) were designed to reflect the dominant discourse of the era. These translations of the Sebastopol Sketches reveal a pattern of engaging with the topicality in this period, ranging from an act of soft diplomacy to the amplification of the Russophile noise of the 1880s. This article proposes a context-driven approach to reconstruct the discourse (often only implied). An analysis of macrostructural equivalence shows a pattern of (de)selecting practices similar to processes used in contemporary mass-media: adding sentences, using paraphrases or interjections to smoothen transitions, restructuring plot elements, and highlighting distinct features.

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North Caucasian Poetry at the Turn of The Centuries: End of the 20th Beginning of the 21st Century

Author(s): Izeta Vladimirovna Mamieva,Rauzat Abdullakhovna Kerimova,Elmira Tamerlanovna Gutieva / Language(s): English Issue: 108/2021

The modern North Caucasian poetry as the phenomenon in the context of the all-Russian literary process is investigated in the article, as well as implementation of the concept of an innovative model of poetic understanding of the world and the forms of its representation. The synthesis of artistic discoveries generated by the sensations and views of the 21st century man is specified as its characteristic feature, with the priority of the fundamental values and stereotypes established in the popular consciousness, clearly observed in the minds of both the recognized masters and the younger generation of poets. The ideological and aesthetic principles of the development of reality, the individual and stylistic peculiarities of poetic creativity are highlighted in the article. The analysis of the works of the Balkar, Karachay, Ossetian, Chechen authors enables to introduce into scientific circulation a number of new names; an attempt is made to reproduce a holistic picture of the modern artistic thought of the reviewed region, formed on the basis of the closest interconnections with the ethnonational existence and social cultural dynamics of the Russian society. As a result of the study, key points in the development of the creative consciousness of North Caucasian authors were identified, the aesthetic-semantic hierarchy, ethnocultural sources and dominants of value-orientation unity in the content and problematics of works were indicated. And the structural features of the poetic text, modified in Russian poetry of the 21 century, in a comparative aspect with the modern North Caucasian poetic culture are also examined.

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Jestem Czeczenem? Pamięć i tożsamość w książce Germana Sadułajewa

Author(s): Justyna Pisarska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 176/2021

The article is devoted to the themes of memory, identity, and the ways they are presented in I am a Chechen! by German Sadulajev. Different memory theories (Maurice Halbwachs, Jan Assmann, Birgit Neumann) employed in this study prove that memory affects identity. Following this lead, we come to conclusion that memories in I am a Chechen! help the author to re-create his devastated by the collapse of Soviet Union and two wars identity. But memory affects not only the identity, but also the form of this book, which makes an impression of being incoherent and disjointed, but still completed. Thus, the attempt to show that this book shares some characteristics with more acknowledged genres has been made.

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Stirlitz na prezydenta. Wykorzystanie obrazu Stirlitza w kształtowaniu wizerunku Władimira Putina

Author(s): Marcin Trendowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 176/2021

The article discusses the relationships between Stierlitz, a hero of Russian mass culture, and Vladimir Putin, as well as the ways these relationships are used to shape the image of the President of the Russian Federation. The research is based on the findings of opinion polls, newspaper headlines, jokes and memes from the Internet.

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Prozelityczny wymiar prozy Anny Fein

Author(s): Mirosława Michalska-Suchanek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 175/2021

Anna Fein’s works follow the trend of returning to the roots of Jewish culture and traditional Jewish spirituality. The writer links the national identity with religious identification. Her narrators-protagonists follow the path that she once went — building Jewish self-awareness until conversion to Orthodox Judaism. In this evolution, which is the foundation of most of the writer’s works’ semantic-ideological dynamics, a kind of Fein proselytism is revealed. The proselytical nature of Fein’s prose is also a derivative of the cognitive function, i.e., introducing the secular recipient to the orthodox community’s world. The power of proselytizing resonance is also definitely strengthened by the autobiographical elements present in Fein’s work.

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Multimodalność przekazu medialnego a przekład (na podstawie rosyjskich tekstów publicystycznych i ich tłumaczeń na język polski)

Author(s): Alicja Pstyga / Language(s): Polish Issue: 174/2021

The article deals with the issue of multimodal media discourse in translation. It is based on Russian articles originating from different media and their Polish translations published in bi-weekly “Forum”. Analysis of selected examples revealed that graphic elements contribute to global sense of the message, however usually these are different in the translated texts.

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„Kilka razy nad morzem…” — o polskich tłumaczeniach wiersza Igora Siewierianina

Author(s): Anna Bednarczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 174/2021

The article considers three Polish translations of the Igor Severyain’s poem It passed by the sea. The analysis finds the lexical and semantic phenomena typical of this Russian ego-futurist (neologisms, the structure of the verse, the unexpectedness of images). However, it turns out, that in this case, the translator’s decisions depend primarily on the purpose of the translation and the manner of the author of the target text.

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Przypisy tłumacza w kryminale retro

Author(s): Ewa Białek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 174/2021

The study’s subject is the translator’s footnotes in specific crime literature – retro crime novel. The author discusses its genre features and analyzes the types of translator’s footnotes and its content. The translation includes linguistic, encyclopedic and editorial footnotes. Based on their analysis, we can speak of a particular strategy: striving to explain the general background of retro crime story (epoch), and to a lesser extent local (the city and associated with it proper names).

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Локализация дейктического центра нарратива в русских переводах англоязычной прозы (XIX–XXI вв.)

Author(s): Anastasia Urzha / Language(s): Russian Issue: 174/2021

The research is focused on the means of localizing the deictic center of a narrative in Russian translations of prose in English. Comparative analysis of translated variants and originals shows the approximating trend (widespread, but not universal) in Russian texts, marked by inserting proximal deictic words like ‘today’, ‘here’, ‘now’ in the passages concerning past events, employing historic present instead of past tense forms. These changes are usually made within the segments of narrative with internal focalization. The approximation is influenced by specific features of Russian grammar system (there are no strict rules for sequence of tenses, no constructions with Complex Object etc.) and by different narrative tradition (historical present is not so marked stylistically, and more widespread). Making the deictic center closer to the readers in Russian translations is often connected with the translator’s strategy highlighting author’s devices for internal focalization in a narrative.

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Трансформация лексических единиц-реалий в процессе перевода повести Школьники Олега Павлова на чешский язык

Author(s): Simona Koryčánková,Aneta Čermáková / Language(s): Russian Issue: 174/2021

The purpose of the presented article is to analyze the specifics of the translation of a modern Russian literary text — the story-memoir of Oleg Pavlov Pupils into Czech. The authors presented the translation as a transfer of non-equivalent vocabulary, realities into another language while maintaining semantic and formal-aesthetic equivalence. The article considers controversial or ambiguous solutions for translating selected realities that carry national connotations based on specific adaptation techniques (transcription, analog, description, generalization, tracing, omission).

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Theater and theatricality in their relation to history and the arts in the novels of Vlafimir Sharov

Author(s): Amina Gabrielova / Language(s): English Issue: 173/2021

Vladimir Sharov (1952–2018), a distinguished contemporary Russian writer, published nine quasi historical novels. Each of his novels suggests a different semi-fantastical version of Russian history that is locked into continuing cycles or — to use Sharov’s preferred word — “rehearsals” of violence. Theater and performance are a recurring theme in Sharov’s prose. In Before and During [До и во время], one of the main characters is Alexander Scriabin. In The Rehearsals [Репетиции] Patriarch Nikon orders a play — a mystery-play about Easter — in which the amateur peasant actors are assigned roles from the Bible and replay these roles for generations. In Should Not I Spare [Мне ли не пожалеть], the opening section shows characters participating in Chekhov’s plays, and the main part of the narration tells the story of staging an oratorio. In the last two novels, several of the protagonists are theater directors. This article argues that for Sharov, theater is an apt metaphor for history and a basic ontological principle, because theater is an experience that can be documented but is never reproduced in exactly the same form. The article examines how Sharov brings out the power of the playwright, director, and actor to implement multiple and different scripts and life stories. Life and art in his works imitate each other through a constant multiplication of versions or rehearsals — “rehearsals” in its expanded sense as reinterpretations, revisions, rewritings, and continuations.

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Историческая память как травма в крестьянских автобиографических нарративах

Author(s): Elena E. Levkievskaya / Language(s): Russian Issue: 172/2020

The article is devoted to the representations in the modern Eastern Slavic peasant autobiographical narratives about 20th century history. Peasant biographies, diaries, oral peasant tales about the life are the materials of this work. Eastern Slavic autobiographical texts are based on traumatic interpretation of history. The main composition of cultural indices in such narratives about the past coincides with the collection of personal and collective disasters including revolution, Civil War, collectivization, dekulakization, repressions, Great Domestic War and postwar hunger. The article analyzes traumatic memory as such type of memory which interprets the past as a set of personal and general traumas and failures.

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A что такое стишки?” Из переписки Надежды Мандельштам с Лидией Гинзбург

Author(s): Olga Rubinczyk / Language(s): Russian Issue: 172/2020

The focus of this article is the correspondence between Nadezhda Mandelshtam and Lydia Ginzburg from 1959 to 1968. Nadiezhda Mandelshtam is the widow of the poet Osip Mandelshtam, a biographer and essayist. Lydia Ginzburg is a scholar specializing in literary studies, novelist, esseyist and biographer. This is the first time Ginzburg’s letters have been a subject to systematic analysis. This article is devoted to one of the multiple layers of meaning of their correspondence — a dispute about the nature of poetry and to approach to its study by these two great women, who possessed a powerful male intellect, literary gift and extraordinary experience.

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Poetycki świat Lidii Sienickiej

Author(s): Jolanta Brzykcy / Language(s): Polish Issue: 172/2020

This article concerns Lidya Senitskaya (Volyntseva, 1890?–1975), poet, writer, playwright, translator and literary critic, representative of the „first wave” of the Russian emigration, living until 1939 in Rivne, then (1939–1964) in Warsaw, and later on in the USA. Considered by her contemporaries as one of the most interesting creators of the Russian diaspora in pre-war Poland, she is now regarded by contemporary researchers as an unquestionable poetic individuality. Today Senitskaya is a completely forgotten figure, and her work is unknown to the contemporary readers. The article is an attempt to present the poet’s creative silhouette, determine and discuss the subject matter and poetics of her poems.

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Z dziejów rosyjskiej emigracji w Polsce międzywojennej: Eugenia Weber-Chiriakowa

Author(s): Iwona Krycka-Michnowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 172/2020

The paper described Yevgeniya Veber-Khiryakova’s views on Russian emigration based on her cooperation with the Warsaw newspaper “Za Svobodu!”. The context for the analysis became statements of other representatives of the Russian Diaspora in Warsaw and Paris. The analysis of journalistic writing and literary criticism have been performed, which led to the conclusion that she perceived emigration as a mission, with a special role attributed to literature. Veber-Khiryakova referred to the great traditions of Russian literature, which tried to combine aesthetic and ethical ideals, and to the idea of a writer — prophet. The texts of Veber-Khiryakova, which are part of the program of the newspaper “Za Svobodu!”, testify to her affiliation with radical diaspora circles, unfavorable to any compromises with Soviet Russia.

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Kolejka Władimira Sorokina w polskim przekładzie

Author(s): Jakub Bober / Language(s): Polish Issue: 172/2020

The article puts forward the translation issues of the linguistic phenomenon in Vladimir Sorkin’s novel The Queue. It analyzes the non-standard phenomena which constitutes a big challenge for the translator. The reasons behind this state of affairs should be sought within a selection of unconventional means of expression which revolutionized the perception of literature and its translation. Some excerpts of the novel are an attempt to provide an answer as to what degree the translator has managed to successfully portray the novel’s connotation in Polish with analogical linguistic measures.

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Pamięć, mnemonic turn, literatura. Uwagi wstępne

Author(s): Ewa Komisaruk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 171/2020

The article is an attempt of synthetic look about the most important problems raised as part of the so-called memory studies, the author highlights those topics and presents lectures that are used in literary studies that are present in the framework of memory turn.

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Czarna dziura (Siergiej Lebiediew, Granica zapomnienia)

Author(s): Aleksandra Zywert / Language(s): Polish Issue: 171/2020

Sergei Lebedev’s novel entitled Oblivion (Предел забвения, 2010) belongs to the (highly important in the context of the post-memory literature) tradition of the so-called generational novel. On the example of the character-narrator’s story full of struggling to learn the true identity of his “grandfather” Lebedev shows that difficult and unprocessed memory amounts to an important up-to-date problem. It is so because in most contemporary Russian families the inconvenient facts from the past remain unvoiced (or the infamous relatives disappear from the family tree) due to overwhelming tabooing of mistakes and traumas. It is indicated that the general approval (sometimes even emphasized) of oblivion creates a hole in the youngest generation’s consciousness and strengthens the so-called repressive awareness. In this context the state of the Russian nation in the face of the conscious suppression of elements of its own history becomes a major issue.

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Wizerunek Władimira Majakowskiego w sowieckiej propagandzie kulturalnej w latach 1953–1957

Author(s): Piotr Zemszał / Language(s): Polish Issue: 171/2020

The paper concerns components of Vladimir Mayakovsky’s image useful in the Soviet cultural propaganda during the first stag after Joseph Stalin’s death. Exceptionally popular already during his lifetime, after his death the poet was considered a father of the literature of the new Communist world, besides Maxim Gorky, and the greatest amongst the Soviet poets. The research material consists of articles about the culture published in the newspaper ‘Pravda’ in 1953–1957. About 2% of them concerned Mayakovsky. This high percentage rate, taking into account that they concerned a single poet against a background of the entire cultural, and not only literary, life of the Soviet Union, results from the fact that this person “served” simultaneously several fields of interest, where “the old” opposed “the new.” Mayakovsky was an embodiment of a specifically understood “citizenship” and commitment, which was set against the lack of any ideology in trends from outside of the Socialist realism stream, he was also an epitome of the fight itself and, finally, a personified negation of the thesis about the rigidity and stuffiness of the Socialist realism.

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