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„...doznieval svet starý a rodil sa nový,“2 konštatoval vo svojich pamätiach Jozef Sivák, povolaním učiteľ, na konci októbra 1918. Vznik Československej republiky (ČSR) ho zastihol v obci Likavka pri Ružomberku. Sivák patril medzi tých nepočetných učiteľov na Slovensku, ktorí boli pripravení pokračovať vo svojej pedagogickej práci aj po zániku Rakúsko-uhorskej monarchie.
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Štúdia sa skladá z dvoch tematických častí; prvá sa venuje situácii v školstve na Slovensku počas prvej Československej republiky (ČSR) a výstavbe škôl v meste Trnava v tomto období a druhá časť sa zaoberá stavom zdravotníctva v medzivojnovom období na Slovensku i budovaniu zdravotníckych zariadení v Trnave v rokoch 1918 – 1938.
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The dynamic construction of school system in Czechoslovakia brought good condition for emergence of teacher’s organizations. New professional, trade union, national, regional and interest teachers organizations developed. Small number of high school teachers who were initially members of the Central Union of Czechoslovak Professors abandoned it and in 1921 created its own organization called Slovak Professors Club (SPC). There were professional, social and nationalist reasons of their act. The club criticised several activities of the Ministry of Education and its department in Bratislava in 1921 – 1939. SPC came to an end in the school year 1942/1943.
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Jérome Bruner vo svojej eseji o kultúre vzdelávania upozornil, že: „cieľom výučby dejepisu je pomáhať žiakom vytvárať významy, nie riadiť učenie len na zapamätanie významov.“ Jadro jeho myšlienky nielen pamätať, ale aj vytvárať významy upriamuje našu pozornosť na isté znaky tradície. Práve tie, okrem iných, ovplyvňujú nielen charakter či špecifiká historického poznávania v edukačnom prostredí, ale i intenzívnejšie prebiehajúci slovensko-maďarský historicko-didaktický dialóg o tvorbe národných či spoločných učebníc dejepisu.
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Ivana Kamenca ako historika na domácej Slovenskej akademickej pôde netreba predstavovať. Jeho prácu Po stopách tragédie možno označiť za priekopnícku v štúdiu holokaustu na Slovensku. Druhá edícia Kamencovej knihy v anglickom jazyku, publikovaná roku 2007 pod titulom On the Trail of the Tragedy, nielenže otvára anglicky hovoriacim čitateľom a akademikom možnosť doplniť mozaiku vedomostí európskych dejín 20. storočia, ale taktiež nabáda slovenského akademika, aby toto dielo postavil do dialógu s prácami, ktoré vyprodukovali historici v zahraničí. Takýto pokus o zaradenie historika do celkového kontextu svetovej historiografie považujem osobne za kľúčový, vzhľadom na to, že nám umožní pochopiť nielen význam Kamencovej práce, ale hlavne poukáže na to, ktorým smerom sa historiografia holokaustu na Slovensku môže potencionálne uberať.
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The second half of the eighteenth century in the Habsburg Monarchy was the age, when political practice and ideology of the Viennese court, traditionally described as absolutism, absorbed enlightened methods and principles. The watchword of the "common good" demanded the nobility to be useful subjects and gave an opportunity to useful subjects of common origin to be ennobled. An important instrument of the social policy was education, understood as both the process of accumulation of knowledge, and as formally recognised degree of competence. In the Habsburg Monarchy, and Hungary in particular, where the numerous nobility still remained both the pillar of the old regime and one of the main protagonists of modernity, privileged educational institutions (colleges, academies) served the task of bringing up the loyal and competent bureaucratic elite to fill different levels of the royal and county administration. It was the whole range of scholarship funds under the patronage of the king, the church, or private donators that served the task to ease access to education for lesser, impoverished nobles and special categories of commoners (employees of the Hungarian Treasury Chamber and offices subordinated to it). The article examines the evolution of admission policies to privileged schools of the Habsburg Monarchy in the 1750s1780s with a special attention paid to the justifications adduced by the applicants, especially women, and requirements put in by the authorities to the petitioners. In the Age of Counterreformation those were converts, orphans and the offspring of impoverished nobles, who enjoyed the primary right to hold such scholarships, and female petitioners (mostly widows), were stressing the facts of conversion, bitter orphanage of their sons and ultimate poverty of their families after the husband's death. Inasmuch as the authorities began to stress the subjects individual contribution to the common good, mothers were to emphasise their late husbands careers and their family's traditional loyalty and zeal on the royal service. In the system of values, where the contribution to the common good was turning into the main criterion of granting social support in the form of scholarships women could not turn into a special group with formally fixed rights and privileges. At the same time the relatively high share of petitions written in the name of women demonstrates, that having widowed and turned into the heads their families, they were bearing responsibility for the future of their children and were competing not without success for their better lot with male and other female petitioners.
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In everyday life many children are very early encounter with foreign languages through contact with modern media and communication technologies, which directs them to that very quickly and they adopted many foreign words and phrases they learn in that way. The increasing focus on multilingualism has led to the earlier start to learn the first foreign language in schools. The presence of foreign language learning can be recorded in many kindergartens. Early language learning helps children develop a positive attitude towards other cultures and languages as well as the creation of high-quality foundation for learning other foreign languages at an earlier age. English as a first foreign language at an early age provides a good basis for learning other foreign languages in middle school. Although many prefer English as the first foreign language, the fact is that our country and the economic environment, tourism and other forms maintains contacts with German-speaking countries, this is an evident need for knowledge of the German language. The intellectual and the overall development of the child are also encouraged for early foreign language learning. Pilot project "Happy Workshop" for children in the second grade of elementary school allow introduction and adoption of German at them friendly way, or through play, song and dance. At the same time workshops are important and are designed to develop talent in children. Tasks are set to lead a child from easier to more difficult exercises, from the concrete to the abstract, from the whole to the individual. The results of the workshops show that children quickly acquire German direct participation in the song and game: 40% of students is entirely mastered presented linguistic fund, 40% in part - have difficulty to repeat the entire linguistic fund, while 19.5% of students only with the help of teachers can repeat the entire linguistic fund, but only 0.5% cannot overcome linguistic fund
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Article highlights designates of contemporary organized trainings creating conditions for lifelong general and professional human development. Draws attention to the nature, role and tasks of training in the context of the scope and characteristics of that concept. Indicates that trainings create possibilities of additional development of employee focused on purposeful acquisition of changes involving both cognitive psyche sphere (knowledge, skills, efficiency, habits) and personality (attitudes, system of values, mental and worldview horizons).
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The article has been an attempt at demonstrating how important it is to consider the OAPs getting involved in educational and professional activity and how much strongly it is connected with getting adapted to the old age. According to the concept of activity, the activity is a condition of the emotional balance of an individual, it is a value appreciated by the society and it assumes taking up the activity considering the strength and the potential of the individual. With that in mind, educational and professional activity of the people aged fifty plus assumes various forms depending on the personal preferences and predisposition, or attitudes as well as the life itself before reaching the old age. They are also determined by many various factors the sources of which must be searched for in external factors. The analyses presented are theoretical and empirical in nature. The theoretical part of the article covers the importance of senior citizens being active in terms of getting adapted to the old age and successful ageing as well as educational and professional activity of senior citizens, as compared with other types of activity and its significance in active participation in social life by the elderly as reported in the applicable literature. Theoretical considerations have been extended with the analysis of selected results of own research reported by the author into taking up educational and professional activity by senior-age people in the Kujawy and Pomorze Province.
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This article aims to unveil, as much as possible, both the desastrous situation of today’s Romanian higher education human resources, as well as that of the scintific research which is weak and non-promising. This paper presents several of the main phenomena of the Romanian academic environment, while highlighting the significantly low standards of the academic human resources. Furthermore, certain aspects which led to this situation are also analized. This analysis ends with a few possible sollutions which may lead, on the medium and long term, to a significant improvement in the human resources of the Romanian academis system, while also generating the beginning of a real “healing” of the entire Romanian higher education.
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The text focuses on issues of social support which is defined as giving help to a person in a difficult situation. Social support is particularly important in the helping professions, which include the medical professions. The medical profession, which is described in the text is an occupational therapist. The occupational therapist should possess not only expertise, they should also be familiar forms of social support (emotional, informational, instrumental, material, spiritual) and be able to provide support to patients.
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This paper analyzes the different methodological systems used in Bulgarian General legal theory. The choice of methodology is seen as a mean of achievement of the goals of legal education. I accept, that good legal education must prepare legal faculty graduates for the different social roles of modern jurists. In that connection the paper investigates the matter of the “non-legal” knowledge and gives an answer, if the legal education must provide social, political and philosophical knowledge to the students.
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In connection with the transition from traditional education to the usage of new technologies in the context of the modernization of education, the need arose to revise the theory and methodology of professional training of future teachers. The significance of the artistic and creative training of future teachers is explained by the fact that in the condition of the development of vocational education, the modern requirements of society for the future teacher have changed, and the problems of teacher professionalization and individualization, the integration in its training, connecting theories with practice, are actualized.
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The paper demonstrates the importance of applying the graphical method in teaching - learning of physics. The practical part presents some graphical deductions of physical laws.
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The paper presents important arguments about the demonstration experiment on physics as an indispensable method in the formation of students’ competencies. At the practical side the application of the demonstration experiment in the teaching of certain themes from "Geometric Optics" is presented.
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Noţiunea de sistem de congruenţe liniare de o variabilă este o noţiune fundamentală studiată în cursul de Algebră şi teorie a numerelor în cadrul programului de studii a specialităţii Matematică şi Informatică.
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The 21st century context seems to be quite challenging when it comes to discriminate between facts and opinions, truth and lies. Therefore, students should be equipped with the necessary skills which will enable them to judge the value of truth, to transfer the acquired knowledge to new contexts, to solve problems and to think critically. The article examines the importance of scaffolding the development of higher order thinking skills at the university level. Students appear to be rather unprepared to think critically. That is why the educator is to design the education process in such a way as to help students enhance their higher order thinking skills. The article examines some strategies applied to fourth-year students at Alecu Russo Balti State University, which can be used to help students become critical thinkers.
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