ALEKSANDER LOCHMER, UTEMELJITELJ HRVATSKE ANGLISTIKE

Author(s): Rudolf Filipović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/1980

Želimo li prikazati i vrednovati rad A. Lochmera kao jednog od osnivača anglistike u Hrvatskoj i dati mu zasluženo mjesto u njoj, moramo ga proučiti u okviru njegova vremena i u povezanosti s onim rijetkim pojedincima koji su u to vrijeme na tom polju djelovali. To je vrijeme kad se hrvatska anglistika tek rađala i nije imala uvjete za onakav razvoj kakav je doživjela u novije vrijeme. Ipak je i u to doba, polovinom 19. stoljeća, bilo pojedinaca koji po svom radu zaslužuju da ih nazovemo anglistima. Jedan od prvih i najzaslužnijih među njima bio je prof. Aleksander Lochmer.

ВРЕМЕНСКА УПОТРЕБА ПРЕТЕРИТАЛНИХ ОБЛИКА У ГОВОРУ СЕВЕРНОШАРПЛАНИНСКЕ ЖУПЕ СИРИНИЋ

Author(s): Bojana M. Veljović,Radivoje Mladenović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3-4/2017

This paper analyzes verb tenses which primarily refer to past actions in the vernacular of the Sirinić Župa in the northern part of the Šar Mountains. The authors ascertain the inventory of forms which make up the preterite system of this vernacular, the syntactic and semantic conditions of their use, stylistic potential of each unit and the linguistic circumstances that make (im)possible their combining or interchange ability at the sentence level or within more extensive narrative sections. It turned out that the perfect has the most stable position – it is the most frequent form with the widest domain of use, while the aorist is the basic form which denotes actions experienced in the past stated by perfective verbs, and its place within the system is relatively stable. The past tense is most commonly used in stylistically neutral narration which involves zero emotional engagement, while the information about experiencing the action (or its lack) is usually absent from the narrative level or is part of the broader context, since it is not one of the primary perfective forms. When composing the narration, i.e. when recounting more complex events, the past tense is not normally used autonomously; it is combined with other forms of more specified semantics (aorist, imperfect, narrative imperative, future or present in the past). The role of the past tense in these contexts is to localize actions in time and to prepare for their introduction, while other forms give information on whether the effect of the action was experienced (aorist, imperfect), on whether the action was repetitive in the past (imperative, future), and the like. The imperfect is characterized by a much narrower use, while its syntactic and semantic potential is limited, which points to the fact that the process of its elimination is well under way, while the pluperfect has almost disappeared from the system.

ЕТИМОЛОГИЈА СРПСКОГ ЈЕЗИКА ДАНАС (уз осврт на јуче и поглед ка сутра)

Author(s): Jasna Vlajić-Popović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3-4/2017

After an introductory overview of previous achievements in the field, abroad and at home, during the 19th and 20th centuries, this paper deals with the present state of Serbian etymology (i.e. etymology of the Serbian language) among the Serbs which, for several decades now, has been closely related to the Etymological Department of the Serbian Language Institute of the Serbian Academy of Arts and Sciences. Following an explanation of elements of the etymological analysis, we offer a comparison of the methodologies applied in compiling the two dictionaries presently under development at the Department, a thesaurus-type Etimološki rečnik srpskoga jezika (ERSJ – Etymological Dictionary of the Serbian Language) and the abridged Priručni etimološki rečnik srpskoga jezika (PERSJ – Concise Etymological Dictionary of the Serbian Language). Finally, we present a preliminary projection of the future development of Serbian etymology with a suggested agenda.

ФОНЕТИКА, ФОНОЛОГИЈА И ПРОЗОДИЈА СРПСКОГ ЈЕЗИКА – АКТУЕЛНО СТАЊЕ И РАЗВОЈНЕ ПЕРСПЕКТИВЕ

Author(s): Jelica D. Jokanović-Mihajlov / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3-4/2017

The three standard aspects of research into the phonetic matter – articulatory, acoustic, and phonological – gained unequal interest among the researchers of the Serbian language. The paper surveys the thoroughness of examination of these questions and points out the remaining lacunae which are to be filled by future work. The state of the contemporary phonetic and prosodic scientific literature is being analysed, as well as the contemporary place of these disciplines within Serbian science, the state of the didactic literature and the state of the practice of teaching phonetic disciplines in universities. Attention has also been paid to the ongoing issues of adherence to the speech norm and its study.

СРПСКА ЛЕКСИКОЛОГИЈА ДАНАС: САДАШЊЕ СТАЊЕ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЕ

Author(s): Rajna M. Dragićević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3-4/2017

At the turn of 21st century Serbian lexicology is under the influence of the Slavic (predominantly Russian) and Anglo-Saxon semanticists. Different semantic theories are used in language analyses in Serbian papers. Since the 1970s componential analysis had been a leading theory, but as of the 1990s Serbian lexicology has come under the influence of cognitive linguistics. There are more and more interdisciplinary investigations where linguistics is interwoven with psychology, communicology, and sociology. Often, lexicology is interwoven with other linguistic disciplines, such as syntax, word formation, morphology, stylistics, etc. Recently, some semantic studies have been conducted from the pragmatic viewpoint. Depending on the object of the analysis and the theory chosen, different research methods are used, such as collocational, associative, and additionally, various types of syntactic and semantic approaches are taken. The focus of interest is semantics of words, and less frequent of morphemes or sentences. The future of Serbian lexicology lies in promoting an interdisciplinary approach, and its relation with other linguistic disciplines and other nonlinguistic sciences.

СРПСКА ЛЕКСИКОГРАФИЈА ДАНАС

Author(s): Darinka Gortan-Premk / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3-4/2017

There are three urgent tasks before the Serbian lexicographers: the vertical and horizontal defining of the contemporary Serbian language, the formation of the Serbian language corpus and the compilation of the standard descriptive dictionary: the first two tasks should be done by the Serbian linguists and by those dealing with corpora, whereas the third should be trusted to the Serbian lexicographers, both the present and the future ones. The Serbian lexicographers, the members of the Belgrade school of lexicography, who have compiled 20 volumes of the Serbian Academy of Arts and Sciences Dictionary, six-volume Matica Srpska Dictionary, and single-volume Matica Srpska Dictionary, and outstanding Belgrade lexicologists will doubtless create a modern and reliable conception of such a dictionary, make precise working instructions based on contemporary linguistic and lexicological knowledge if the project is supported by the government. Hopefully, this extremely significant national undertaking will be completed in a few years.

АКТУЕЛНА ПИТАЊА КОГНИТИВНОЛИНГВИСТИЧКИХ ПРОУЧАВАЊА СРПСКОГ ЈЕЗИКА

Author(s): Ljudmila Popović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3-4/2017

The paper discusses the results of research by Serbian scholars into the field of cognitive linguistics over the past ten years. Special emphasis is laid on the cognitive linguistic studies of grammar, both in Serbian proper and from the contrastive viewpoint, which successfully apply Predrag Piper’s semantic localisation theory. It highlights the achievements of Serbian scholars in the sphere of historical cognitive linguistics, as well as fuzzy linguistics. It singles out cognitive principles in research into Serbian dialectology, as well as into lexicology, cultural linguistics and ethnolinguistics. The paper specifies the distinctive principles of the multidisciplinary fields in which cognitive linguistic methods of language study are used.

НАТАША КИШ, ДОПУНЕ ПРИДЕВА У САВРЕМЕНОМ СРПСКОМ ЈЕЗИКУ, Нови Сад: Филозофски факултет, 2016, – стр. 216.

Author(s): Sreto Tanasić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 3-4/2017

СРПСКА ЖЕНСКА ИМЕНА НА ПОЧЕТКУ 16. ВЕКА (НА ОСНОВУ ПОПИСА СМЕДЕРЕВСКОГ САНЏАКА ИЗ 1516. ГОДИНЕ)

Author(s): Gordana Jovanović,Srđan Katić,Aleksandar Jakovljević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1-2/2017

A large number of feminine names can be found in Ottoman census books (defters). These anthroponymic materials provide important sociological, ethnographic, linguistic and historical evidence of the population of Serbian areas included in the census. As for the Serbian sources, feminine names start to appear largely in the commemoration books (pomenici) of a later date (16th–17th centuries), whereas the earlier monastery charters almost exclusively list masculine names. The 1516 Ottoman Census contains the names of 942 women – widows who were taxpayers, because, for one reason or another, there were no males in their households. Their names undeniably show that the population in the Smederevo Sanjak – and the same phenomenon may also be observed in other areas populated by the Serbs – relied on the ancient Slavic (Serbian) onomasticon, which significantly prevailed over Christian names.

ФРАЗЕОЛОШКИ ПОТЕНЦИЈАЛ СОМАТСКЕ ЛЕКСИКЕ У СРПСКОМ ЈЕЗИКУ (НА ПРИМЕРУ СОМАТИЗАМА ЈЕЗИК, УХО/УВО, МОЗАК И ОБРАЗ)

Author(s): Gordana R. Štrbac / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1-2/2017

This article focuses on the human body as the source domain in the conceptualization of different activities in various target domains. The paper examines the role of body part terms jezik, uho/uvo, mozak and obraz in the development of phraseological meaning. The corpus for the research includes 211 idioms collected from the phraseological and other dictionaries (for example, držati jezik za zubima, nemati dlake na jeziku, puniti kome uši, govoriti gluvim ušima, imati mozga u glavi, puniti kome mozak, imati obraz kao đon, čovek crna obraza, etc.). The analysis shows that the phraseological potential of body part terms depends on their conceptual, semantic and derivational potential, i.e. body part terms which have a rich derivational and semantic network also have numerous idioms. The phraseological meaning is often motivated by the functional seme in the sememe of the body part term, so the metonymy BODY PART FOR ITS FUNCTION is the most common pattern of semantic change. The idioms with lexemes jezik, uho/uvo, mozak and obraz mainly denote actions that are peculiar to these parts of the body. These meanings are based on metaphorical mental images in which the body parts have some qualities, or operate as the subject, object or instrument of a physical action. The existence of the same semantic patterns in other languages confirms the universality of bodily experience in the conceptualization of emotions, knowledge and reasoning, speaking, hearing, etc.

СЕМАНТИЧКА ЕКСТЕНЗИЈА НАЗИВА ЗА „ЉУДСКЕ“ БОЈЕ ЦРВЕН, РУМЕН И РИЂ У СВЕТЛУ ТЕОРИЈЕ КОНЦЕПТУАЛНЕ ИНТЕГРАЦИЈЕ

Author(s): Mirjana Ilić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1-2/2017

The meaning scopes of the words red, ruddy and ginger, used as color adjectives to characterize a person, have a different scope of meaning from the adjective red, whose polysemantic structure is much richer. These “human color” adjectives have somewhat different extensions compared to the adjective red, and this is frequently manifested in heir inability to realize themselves within certain grammatical structures, in which it is still possible to realize the adjective red. Relying on conceptual integration theory, we have analyzed the relationship between the semantic extensions of these adjectives and reached the conclusion that there is a pyramidal hierarchical relation between these lexemes in which the adjective red is naturally dominant as the color designation.

ЈЕЗИК ПОВЕЉА И ПИСАМА СРПСКЕ ДЕСПОТОВИНЕ, Владимир Поломац, Крагујевац: Филолошко-уметнички факултет, 2016. – 495 стр.

Author(s): Radivoje Mladenović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1-2/2017

Pomenovanie manželkinho brata (nielen) v slovenských nárečiach

Author(s): Pavol Žigo / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 74/2019

A signifi cant feature of terminology describing family relations in Slavic languages is its substantial cognitive value from the linguistic and extra-linguistic point of view. They reflect not only internal language development, but also mainly extra-linguistic factors that give the possibility to identify the cultural development context in space and time. The author’s focus is on the development of two groups of words relating to kinship acquired by marriage – nomina afi nitatis. The first group of words – naturally – is characterized by integration tendencies with other Slavic languages, while the second group shows a divergent tendency which is characterized by a decline of the original Slavic name system, e.g. šur, dever, svojak, zolva/zelva etc. and borrowing of words of German origin like švagor/švagriná without regard to the respective relationship to bride or bridegroom, or to their parents.

Najnowsze chorwacko-serbskie różnice leksykalne (na przykładzie słownictwa z zakresu nowych technologii i mediów społecznościowych)

Author(s): Jerzy Molas / Language(s): Polish Issue: 74/2019

The article analyzes the extent of similarities and differences between Croatian and Serbian lexis related with new technologies and social media. Vocabulary of various functional scopes of language was considered – i.e., both specialized and colloquial lexical items. The material was verified on the basis of usage of a given form as confirmed by corpora consisting of content of websites in Croatian and Serbian. Lexical items either not noted there or documented by a negligible number of examples were omitted. Phrases unconfirmed by the corpora, while suggested by publications concerned with language standards or lexicography – e.g. Croat. očvrsje, očvršće ‘hardware’ – were disregarded as well. The subject of study were neosemantisms (ažurirati ‘update’, lozinka ‘password’) and neologisms (datoteka ‘file’, pretraživač ‘search engine’) identical in both languages, as well as ivergent forms, e.g. Croat. račun vs. Serb. nalog ‘user account’, or Croat. sučelje vs. Serb. interfejs ‘interface’. The analysis of the gathered material indicates no tendency for the communication gap in the lexis in question to increase, as the processes described do not result in an emergence of new lexemes that would be completely unknown to one of the parties; what is more, mutual comprehensibility is being maintained by English words incorporated into both languages as global, international loanwords.

WIND INSTRUMENTS IN SERBIAN PHRASEOLOGY

Author(s): Mirjana M. Stakić,Aleksandar Stojadinović,Boško Lj. Milovanović / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Musical instruments are integral to our folklore and tradition, so much so that some even entered the phraseology of the Serbian language, shaping the image of the world expressed by it. The paper is aimed at examining idioms containing wind instruments as their component to determine what kind of linguistic image they depict. Examination of such material in contemporary Serbian language necessitated that its corpus be borrowed from The Phraseological Dictionary of the Serbian Language by Đorđe Otašević (2012), both due to its year of publication, and the author's intentions to examine the contemporary standard language. Reviewing the Dictionary, it was established that the following wind instruments occur as phraseological components: bagpipes, diple (type of bagpipe), duduk (double-reed woodwind instrument), the horn, svirala (pipe or flute), gourd and the fanfare. The semantic analysis of the idioms that contain the wind instruments mentioned above has established that the generation of the phraseological meaning results in a complete or partial desemanticization. In cases of complete desemanticization, the process of generating sound, i.e. playing these instruments, is transferred to the domain of human speech, thinking and actions. The process of partial desemanticization largely occurs in idioms with a comparative structure which are used to denote human traits, states or behaviors. In both cases, phraseologisms with negative meanings dominate. This may indicate that some of the functions of these wind instruments in our past have been negatively evaluated in the collective conscious from an ethical point of view, which indicates the need for new research.

Лексема кошуља у говорима призренско-тимочке дијалекатске области

Author(s): Ana Savić-Grujić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2022

The paper provides a lexical-semantic and ethnolinguistic analysis of the various names used in the speeches of South-East Serbia to denote the traditional košuljaor shirt and its component parts. The lexical material was excerpted from dialectical dictionaries and expanded with data compiled for the first volume of the Serbian Dialectical Atlas. The recorded nominations were described based on semantic data confirmed in the dictionaries, and then analyzed as part of semantic groups and subgroups. The aim of this paper was to perform a lexical-semantic analysis to indicate the importance of the traditional shirt as part of the traditional Serbian dress in the linguistic image of the world of patriarchal speakers of the Prizren-Timok dialect area, the cultural specificities (beliefs, rituals, symbols, etc.) embedded into the semantic content of the given lexical units, as well as the specific attitude of the representative speakers towards one segment of traditional material culture.

Machine-readable Descriptive Structures to Study Medieval South Slavic Scriptoria and Scribes

Author(s): Desislava Paneva-Marinova,Marco Scarpa,Marta Riparante,Maxim Goynov,Detelin Luchev,Lilia Pavlova,Lubomir Zlatkov / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

This paper outlines the development of machine-readable semantic structures, supporting the research and analysis of the manuscript works of the South Slavic scribes from the fourteenth century. Our hope is to reach and effectively exploit the vast amounts of knowledge about the digitized written heritage by providing means to semantically describe, structure, process, manage, visualize and analyze the data, greatly facilitating the research and study processes.

The Provision and Development of Training Resources for Croatian-English Translators

Author(s): Jim Hlavac,Snježana Veselica Majhut / Language(s): English Issue: 16-17/2021

In the Croatian translation market, English has for some time been the number one language, and there is a vast number of texts from all sorts of genres that are translated into Croatian. Conversely, the volume of translation from Croatian into English is small but steadily growing. This direction of translation presents challenges to many if not most Croatian-English translators who are L1 (or A-language) speakers of Croatian and who often encounter difficulties when translating into their L2 (or B-language). This paper contextualises this practice by presenting data on the volume of books translated in this language direction, and on the profiles of those who work from Croatian into English. Our main focus is on how to train translators to work in this language direction and in particular, which resources are available to trainee and practising translators to acquire or augment skills. An overview is given of the various translation-related resources that have been published over the last 40 years and of the particular functions that they sought to fulfil. Over the last 10–15 years, handbooks for specific language combinations have become a commonplace resource that provide a grounded and step-by-step approach to key concepts and terms, followed by original texts and model translations that are accompanied by annotations. In line with this contemporary trend in pedagogical resources, we present and discuss a handbook published in 2019, entitled Translating from Croatian into English: a handbook with annotated Translations that was edited by the authors. We describe how the handbook addresses both trainees as well as practitioners in a practical way by outlining a functionalist approach to translation. In the handbook, principles of text analysis are presented in a clear and direct way and show how a translator may be guided to achieve a functionally appropriate translation into English. The contribution of the handbook to translator training and the translation market in Croatia (and beyond) is discussed with the prediction that the growing volume of Croatian-English translation will likely require the production of further resources specific to this language combination.

ПУНКТОВИ У РУМУНИЈИ И МАЂАРСКОЈ У ОКВИРУ СРПСКОГ ДИЈАЛЕКТОЛОШКОГ АТЛАСА – РЕЗУЛТАТИ ДОСАДАШЊИХ ТЕРЕНСКИХ ИСТРАЖИВАЊА

Author(s): Brankica Đ. Marković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 5/2019

The paper presents the results obtained from the research that has been conducted so far in specific regional points in Romania and Hungary for Serbian Dialectological Atlas aiming to make an overview of what has been achieved and what still remains to be done.

НАЈЧЕШЋЕ ГРЕШКЕ ПРИЛИКОМ УСВАЈАЊА СРПСКОГ ЈЕЗИКА КАО СТРАНОГ КОД СТУДЕНАТА РУМУНСКЕ НАЦИОНАЛНОСТИ

Author(s): Nina Lj. Sudimac / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 5/2019

Through the applied linguistics prism, the paper deals with the acquisition of Serbian as a foreign language by Romanian students, who spent a semester at the Faculty of Philosophy in Niš as part of the student exchange. The aim of the paper is to identify the most common errors in the concrete written corpus, and then to carry out their description and explanation. Moreover, the identified language errors are sorted according to language levels.