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Rukopisi Crkve bosanske

Author(s): Anica Nazor / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

It is known that the manuscripts created in the Church of Bosnia are not to be avoided in resolving the issues of the Church of Bosnia, especially the matter of its teaching and identity. Some tried to find indications of dualistic beliefs in them. Solovjev believed the term inosuç›nÅ, mentioned in Our Father cited in the St.Luke’s Gospel (Lk 11,3) and the Gospel according to St Nicholas (hl‡b› na{› inosuç›n°i) was a “mystical epithet”, that it symbolized Manichaeism that could only represent “other substance”, “other being” thus coming closer to the term supersubstantialis mentioned in the Cathar texts. He believed that traces of Docetism were evident in the term izde in the usual position of the expression was born (iz› nee`e iz°de isusÅ). Solovjev found correspondence with the dualist teaching in the expression inočedyi sinь (jesus) falsly interpreting it as “second-born”. Jaroslav Šidak, in a well-argumented manner, already proved that the abovementioned expressions do not show the heresy of the Church of Bosnia. Šidak’s arguments in this article are further substantiated by additional examples from Old Church Slavonic canonical manuscripts and Croatian Glagolitic manuscripts. The latter was possible because Slovnik jazyka staroslověnskeho (Dictionary of Old Church Slavonic) built on the entire corpus of Old Church Slavonic canonical (and other) manuscripts. It laid out all the terms and explained them in detail. At the moment, a complete integral corpus of Croatian Glagolitic sources is available in excerpts in Rječnik crkvenoslavenskoga jezika hrvatske redakcije (The Dictionary of Old Church Slavonic of Croatian Redaction) stored in the Old Church Slavonic Institute in Zagreb (11 volumes of A-VSUE were published). Šidak’s arguments are substantiated with the examples of the author’s research of Bosnian scripts, chiefly Our Father. Enclosed to this article is a list of Church of Bosnia manuscripts with a basic codicological data and references so that, at last, all the known manuscripts of the Church of Bosnia could be found listed in one place.

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Literarna ostavština krstjana Bosanske crkve i dualistički svjetonazor

Author(s): Marko Josipović / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

In this contribution, the author first constitutes that the krstjani of Bosnia and Hum were accused of heresy and that different documents and sources call and define it differently which makes historians’ judgements about their religion based on those sources vary. By browsing through their literary legacy which is, as expected, not sufficient for a precise identification of their religious character, especially since that legacy is very scarce and fragmentary, stems the fact that in the preserved recorded sources of krstjan provenance only occasionally arise terms and formulations with a colouring of moderate or, in fact, negligible mild dualism, for example in the glossas of Srećković’s anthology and in the well-known legend of creation of world and mankind. Based on the past research of this matter, it seems reasonable to argue that the mentioned krstjan sources do not contain reliable information on the dualism in the teaching of the Bosnian Church.

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Uporaba Svetoga pisma među bosanskim krstjanima

Author(s): Mato Zovkić / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Bosnian Christians were a sect of protest motivated by biblical poverty and simplicity in middle age Kingdom of Bosnia from about 1200 to 1463. An evidence of their use of Christian Scriptures can be found more in polemical writings of Latin theologians than in their own books and documents. This author has put this question within the middle age protest and renewal movements, like Cathars, Dominicans, Franciscans. Within the century from 1170 to 1270 a new type of Bible producing was invented in Paris and other medieval centers of theological learning, in form of one volume portable book which not rich people were able to provide and travelling preachers could carry it on their missionary journeys. The most complete and preserved manuscript of Bosnian Christians is Hvalov Zbornik, written in 1404. It contains all New Testament canonical books, 150 canonical Psalms and eight Old Testament Canticles. Other preserved manuscripts and documents contain parts of the NT, prayers and letters which reflect the belief in Christ of Bosnian Christians, their liturgical Calendar and prayers for the dead. The Book of Revelation was mostly copied and commented among them. Latin theologians from Paulus Dalmatinus in 1250 to Cardinal Torquemada in 1461 mostly wrote polemical writings against Cathars and other sectarian movements and they also addressed Catharist sectarians in middle age Bosnia whom they accused of rejecting the Old Testament, teaching dualism and distorting the doctrine and practice of the sacraments. Most trustworthy remnants of real doctrine and pastoral practice of Bosnian Christians can be found in the questions of Bosnian Franciscans submitted to Pope Gregory XI in 1372. One of the problems was that some Christian men in Bosnia asked to be admitted to Christian marriage ceremony, but they insisted on their condition to their future spouse: “Si eris mihi bona” which involved the husband’s right to divorce his wife any time, for any reason. Bosnian Christians were a middle age movement of protest which for the sake of pure biblical religion finished in breaking communion with the Catholic Church. They disappeared with Turkish rule in Bosnia in 1463.

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Bosansko-humski krstjani u korespondenciji Dragutina Prohaske i Vatroslava Jagića (1909. - 1910.)

Author(s): Alojz Jembrih / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

As a part of Prohaska’s letters to his mentor Vatroslav Jagić in Vienna in the mentioned period shows, this contribution follows the creation of Prohaska’s book from 1911 Das kroatisch-serbische Schrifttum in Bosnien und der Herzegovina and its third chapter on Bosnian Bogomils. Upon examination of the sequence and content of those letters, one can discern Prohaska’s plans and accomplishments in the sphere of Croatian and Slavic studies, as well as his teaching activities. Therefore, the readers (philologists) themselves will, by vizualizing his letters, be able to offer their opinion on his scientific-research opus which is quite substantial for his time since he, more than once, effectively established his reputation at different levels: as a literary historian, literary critic, comparativist of Slavic literature, theater critic and founder of the magazine Hrvatska njiva. Prohaska writes of all this in his other letters to Vatroslav Jagić.

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Употребата на етникони в тракийските земи

Author(s): Georgi Mitrev / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

As names and part of the system of names, ethnicons are characteristics for both ancient and contemporary societies. In the world of Ancient Greece where two names were used traditionally at the presentation of citizens, their given and their paternal names, these names complement the information about the origin of the persons which are also indicative of their native land. With the gradual establishment of Greek settlers in various parts of Thrace, after the age of antiquity these traditions also infiltrated Thracian territories. In the time of the Roman emperors, rising monuments with inscriptions spread among broader strata of the Thracian provincial population in Macedonia, Thrace, Moesia, Dacia, Bithynia and elsewhere. In these conditions, epigraphic heritage also began to include elements and influences coming from the living Thracian language. Against the backdrop of those processes and in relation to the different factors necessitating the use of ethnicons or other similar means to present origins, we see a tradition that is characteristic of Thracians and the Thracian language. The ethnicons that have reached to us are such that can be linguistically defined as Thracian in origin. The sources show that the Thracians also had their tradition in the use of ethnicons based on a model typical of their language. Those were twofold names with first or second root Dentu- or -dentes.

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Посланията на кирилицата

Author(s): Axinia Dzurova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article follows the issue of the spiritual outlook of Europe in the context on the continental literary traditions, the role of the saintly brothers Cyril and Methodius and their disciples, of Prince Boris and Tsar Simeon, coming to the conclusion that, if we try to ask ourselves what is Europe today, what defines it most precisely is Graeco-Roman Antiquity, Christian culture and the three main alphabets - Latin, Greek and Cyrillic - by means of which our Old World has carried its heritage and memory through the centuries.

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ODNOSNE REČENICE SA ZAMJENICOM KI U TURSKOME I EKVIVALENTI U BOSANSKOM JEZIKU

Author(s): Mirza Bašić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Complex sentences with a relative attribute clause in Bosnian are semantically equivalent to Turkish phrases with participles and proparticiples in the function of the extended attribute supplements. The analysis of concrete examples enables to determine when and why these sentences are being used in literary texts, and contrastive comparison attempts to resolve the dilemma of how these examples should be transposed into Bosnian.

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Обредно-обичајната лексика на македонскиот јазик (во споредба со српскиот и бугарскиот јазик)

Author(s): Ljiljana Makarijoska / Language(s): Macedonian Publication Year: 0

The life and the spirit of every nation is a reflection of the traditional rites and customs practiced by the respective nation, which can be confirmed by the lexical fund as well. The Slavonic nature of the traditional culture is unquestionable, so the comparative analysis confirms numerous terms with identical semantic structure of the rituals related to the life cycle in the Macedonian, Serbian and Bulgarian language. Part of this lexis belongs to certain Macedonian regions and it represents a significant mark of a regional identity, while another part overlaps with the lexis of the Serbian and Bulgarian language, indicating to rites and customs that can be considered as Balkan, South Slavonic or Pan Slavonic features.

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Staroslověnské názvy nemocí a jejich protějšky v makedonštině (v porovnání s češtinou)

Author(s): Ilona Janyšková / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The present paper deals with the etymological explanation of the Old Church Slavonic names of illnesses, their symptomes and their counterparts in the Macedonian language in comparison with the Czech language. These are words of native origin in most cases, usually of the Proto-Slavic age. Mentioned are some differences between the individual languages, especially in their semantics (cf OCS jędza ‘illness’ and M jанѕа, dialectal енѕа ‘fever, temperature’), in word-formation etc.

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Jihoslovanské jazyky na Filozofické fakultě Masarykovy univerzity. Tradice a současnost

Author(s): Pavel Krejčí / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

V úvodu k přehledu studia jihoslovanských jazyků a odborného bádání o nich na FF MU nebude jistě od věci, provedeme-li stručný faktografický úvod do oblasti, v níž se těmito jazyky hovoří. Teritorium osídlené jižními Slovany je v rámci slovanského světa nejpočetnější co do množství států i oficiálních (úředních) jazyků, třebaže svou rozlohou i počtem slovanských mluvčích je v porovnání s východoslovanským a západoslovanským prostorem nejmenší (rozloha cca 356 tis. km2 je srovnatelná s rozlohou Spolkové republiky Německo, přibližně 27 mil. jeho slovanských obyvatel představuje jednu třetinu obyvatel Německa). Od svých severoslovanských sousedů je navíc odděleno rumunsko-maďarsko-rakouskou „hrází“. Na prostoru jihovýchodní Evropy se dnes nachází sedm slovanských států (seřazených v našem výčtu podle velikosti), jejichž obyvatelé hovoří oficiálně sedmi jihoslovanskými jazyky: Bulharsko (110,9 tis. km2 , 7 mil. obyv., hl. m. Sofija – č. Sofie; úř. jazyk bulharština), Srbsko (77,5 tis. km2 , 7 mil. obyv., hl. m. Beograd – č. Bělehrad; úř. jazyk srbština), Chorvatsko (56,5 tis. km2 , 4,5 mil. obyv., hl. m. Zagreb – č. Záhřeb; úř. jazyk chorvatština), Bosna a Hercegovina (51,1 tis. km2 , 4 mil. obyv., hl. m. Sarajevo; úř. jazyky bosenština, srbština, chorvatština), Makedonie (od r. 2019 Severní Makedonie, 25,7 tis. km2 , 2,2 mil. obyv., hl. m. Skopje; úř. jazyk makedonština), Slovinsko (20,2 tis. km2 , 2 mil. obyv., hl. m. Ljubljana – č. Lublaň; úř. jazyk slovinština) a Černá Hora (13,8 tis. km2 , 0,7 mil. obyv., hl. m. Podgorica; úř. jazyky černohorština, srbština, bosenština, chorvatština).

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Bádání o historii, kultuře a literatuře jihoslovanských národů na Ústavu slavistiky Filozofické fakulty Masarykovy univerzity v Brně. Tradice a současnost

Author(s): Václav Štěpánek / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Slavistická bádání, zaměřená směrem k Balkánu, především ovšem k tomu slovanskému, byla na Filozofické fakultě brněnské univerzity přítomna již od jejího založení v roce 1919. Filozofická fakulta tehdy patřila mezi zakládající fakulty druhé české univerzity, o jejíž vznik se významně zasloužil první prezident československé republiky Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, po němž také brněnská univerzita dostala své jméno. T. G. Masaryk, sám univerzitní profesor, totiž již v 90. letech 19. století zdůrazňoval potřebu co nejširší konkurence ve vědeckém životě a upozorňoval na fakt, že jediná česká univerzita – pražská (do roku 1918 Karlo-Ferdinandova, po vzniku Československa již jen Karlova) – nutně potřebuje ke svému rozvoji konkurentku v národním rámci. Snaha prosadit zřízení druhé české univerzity se stala jednou z priorit nejen jeho politické činnosti, ale i politického boje českých kruhů v tehdy německou menšinou vedeném Brně. Došla však naplnění až po vzniku Československé republiky v roce 1918. Filozofická fakulta tak jako součást nové Masarykovy univerzity dostala do vínku úkol stát se druhým ohniskem národní vzdělanosti a osvěty. V pamětní zakládací listině z roku 1919 jí bylo uloženo, aby „žila, mohutněla a kvetla v ušlechtilém závodění se starší sestrou pražskou“. A to se jí dařilo mj. právě v přístupu k jihoslovanské problematice.

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Nové počátky brněnské sorabistiky

Author(s): Ivo Pospíšil / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Někdy v polovině 80. let 20. století jsem se z popudu tehdejšího děkana Filozofické fakulty Univerzity J. E. Purkyně v Brně, známého odborníka na stylistiku, autora řady vysoce odborných i populárních knih o češtině a guru řady dnes slavných českých lingvistů, dnes již většinou záměrně zapomenutého, prof. Jana Chloupka (1928–2003) zúčastňoval konferencí pořádaných česko-německou komisí (ČSSR – NDR) ve východním Berlíně. Na jedné z nich jsem poznal známého lužickosrbského historika a literárního historika Pětra Malinka (Peter Mahling, 1931–1984), mimo jiné editora Sebraných spisů J. Barta Ćišinského.

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Jezično jedinstvo i stilska razvedenost hrvatskih protestantskih tekstova 16. stoljeća

Author(s): Tanja Kuštović / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

In the 16th century, the Croatian Protestant authors at Urach printed the texts in Glagolitic, Cyrillic and Latin script, in an effort to reach a wider audience. One of those texts is Spovid i spoznanie prave krsztianske vere, translated in 1564 by Antun Dalmatin and Stipan Konzul, and published in Glagolitic and Latin script. That literary work is the translation of the critical edition of The Augsburg Confession written by Philipp Melanchthon. It is a non-liturgical text divided into two parts: the first part contains 21 printed articles or „artikul“ and the second one consists of longer articles on religion, good deeds, bad habits, etc. The previous research of Croatian Protestant texts was principally centred on the study of the New Testament, while only recently have non-liturgical Protestant texts come under scientific scrutiny. It has already been known that the languages of liturgical and non-liturgical texts differ, the former having considerably more Old Church Slavonic features. In this paper I am going to study linguistic, primarily morphological features in the text not previously linguistically processed (Spovid i spoznanie prave krsztianske vere), and compare them to the New Testament linguistic features. The findings will help me establish the extent of variety between the language of non-liturgical and liturgical Protestant texts published by Croatian Protestants in the same period.

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Zoolingvistička analiza poslovica u časopisu hrvatskog društva za zaštitu životinja „Živobran” na prijelazu iz 19. u 20. stoljeće

Author(s): Lidija Bakota / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

A proverb is a concise, structurally complete saying formed as a reflection of a life experience or a speaker’s wisdom within a certain socio-cultural space. Based on tradition, in other words, on extralinguistic, real and concrete experience of a speaker, proverbs, through their constant use, become a constituent of collective experience and assume general meanings. Therefore, they serve an important didactic and moral-educational function in the language of the community. The paper explores the representation of proverbs (wise sayings) in the journal of the Croatian Association for the Protection of Animals „Živobran“ (1894–1904). The analyzed corpus consists of proverbs whose subject is most frequently an animal, or a human and their relationship towards animal world. The analysis of zoonymic paremiology will raise moral-ethical issues, such as speciesism and empathy, in the context of cultural zoology and biethics. Zoonymic paremiology on the pages of „Živobran,“ the journal of the Croatian Association for the Protection of Animals reveals historical-cultural cognitions on animal world of Croats at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries.

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The system of diatheses in Bulgarian and stative predicates

Author(s): Svetla Koeva / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The investigation is intended to provide a clear distinction between the category of grammatical voice in Bulgarian (grammatical diatheses) and lexical diatheses by analyzing grammatical facts and by applying semantic criteria. The category of (grammatical) voice is used to describe a wide range of phenomena. Only the lexical diatheses are presented in more detail: se passives, impersonal passives, middles, anticausatives, lexical reciprocals, optatives, impersonal optatives, property of “oblique” subject. The semantic and grammatical characteristics (arguments and semantic roles, verb aspect, transitivity, and morphological categories of the verb lemma) of the source and derivative diatheses are studied, compared, and described. A large number of the source diatheses affect imperfective verbs that may express activities or states; in such cases, the alternations may lead to one of the following configurations: activity – activity; activity – state; state – state. We trace the correlation between the diathesis type and the eventuality type in the context of the ontological description of the state predicates proposed in this study. The investigation is intended to provide a clear distinction between the category of grammatical voice in Bulgarian (grammatical diatheses) and lexical diatheses by analyzing grammatical facts and by applying semantic criteria. The category of (grammatical) voice is used to describe a wide range of phenomena. Only the lexical diatheses are presented in more detail: se passives, impersonal passives, middles, anticausatives, lexical reciprocals, optatives, impersonal optatives, property of “oblique” subject. The semantic and grammatical characteristics (arguments and semantic roles, verb aspect, transitivity, and morphological categories of the verb lemma) of the source and derivative diatheses are studied, compared, and described. A large number of the source diatheses affect imperfective verbs that may express activities or states; in such cases, the alternations may lead to one of the following configurations: activity – activity; activity – state; state – state. We trace the correlation between the diathesis type and the eventuality type in the context of the ontological description of the state predicates proposed in this study.

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Syntactic realization of stative predicates in Bulgarian (towards a lexical meaning ontology)

Author(s): Yovka Tisheva,Marina Dzhonova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This study deals with the syntactic features of predicates describing stative eventualities. We present an overview of the possibilities for syntactic realization of verbal arguments within a framework of a semantic (thematic) classification of Bulgarian verbs based on their primary lexical meanings. Following the main principles of Role and Reference Grammar (RRG), we test the hypothesis that predicates belonging to a given thematic group have similar syntactic behavior. The analysis is focused on one-, two- and three-place predicates. Verbs such as седя (sit), лежа (lie), стоя (stand), спя (sleep), блестя (shine), мириша (smell) have one-argument structure. Their single argument occupies the subject position. Two-place predicates are represented by verbs from two subgroups: predicates with a subject and a direct object, e.g. обичам (love), харесвам (like), виждам (see), чувам (hear), чувствам (feel), усещам (sense), желая (wish), искам (want), мразя (hate), помня (remember), and predicates with a subject and an indirect object, e.g. вярвам (believe), надявам се (hope), нуждая се (need), тревожа се (worry), жадувам (crave), радвам се (be happy), вълнувам се (be excited), притеснявам се (worry), гордея се (be proud), срамувам се (be ashamed), плаша се (be afraid), страхувам се (fear). Besides these two groups of predicates, we also consider the possibility for some of the verbs to have three-argument realization. With знам (know)-type verbs, the direct object must be expressed and the indirect object may remain syntactically implicit, while with мисля (think)-type verbs the indirect object has to be represented overtly, but the direct object does not. The alternation of prepositions is also discussed in the text.This study deals with the syntactic features of predicates describing stative eventualities. We present an overview of the possibilities for syntactic realization of verbal arguments within a framework of a semantic (thematic) classification of Bulgarian verbs based on their primary lexical meanings. Following the main principles of Role and Reference Grammar (RRG), we test the hypothesis that predicates belonging to a given thematic group have similar syntactic behavior. The analysis is focused on one-, two- and three-place predicates. Verbs such as седя (sit), лежа (lie), стоя (stand), спя (sleep), блестя (shine), мириша (smell) have one-argument structure. Their single argument occupies the subject position. Two-place predicates are represented by verbs from two subgroups: predicates with a subject and a direct object, e.g. обичам (love), харесвам (like), виждам (see), чувам (hear), чувствам (feel), усещам (sense), желая (wish), искам (want), мразя (hate), помня (remember), and predicates with a subject and an indirect object, e.g. вярвам (believe), надявам се (hope), нуждая се (need), тревожа се (worry), жадувам (crave), радвам се (be happy), вълнувам се (be excited), притеснявам се (worry), гордея се (be proud), срамувам се (be ashamed), плаша се (be afraid), страхувам се (fear). Besides these two groups of predicates, we also consider the possibility for some of the verbs to have three-argument realization. With знам (know)-type verbs, the direct object must be expressed and the indirect object may remain syntactically implicit, while with мисля (think)-type verbs the indirect object has to be represented overtly, but the direct object does not. The alternation of prepositions is also discussed in the text.

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Още за ролята на средновековния търновски книжовен език като класически

Author(s): Milena Obretenova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article considers the problem about the continual growing of the functional power of the Bulgarian literary language between the IX and XIV century, owing to the purposeful language policy. The result is the conversion of the Bulgarian language in the third and last classical language in Europe. The Innovative in the process of work is the characteristics of classical languages from the sociolinguistic type of view Special accent is placed on the methods of research of Old Bulgarian literary language and the process of forming the rest of the literary languages in the territory of the modern Slavia Orthodoxa.

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Трансформацията на имената от притчите в идеологеми и възприемането на алегориите в старобългарската екзегеза

Author(s): Pirnika Penkova-Lyager / Language(s): Bulgarian,Old Slavonic,Old Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Drawing on the Old Bulgarian translations of Athanasius of Alexandria and Basil the Great, the author traces the use of allegorical theology in the 4th century and its reflection as Прїточное богословие during the 10th century. The linguistic comparison between the use of allegorical key-names by Athanasius of Alexandria and the process of conceptualization of ordinary names to divine predicates and theological terms by Basil the Great provides the necessary discourse for the observations on the language practice of the Preslav’s men of letters. When illustrating the process of deriving human knowledge from the literal to the figurative interpretation of a certain story from the Bible, John the Exarch and Constantine of Preslav relied on a common theological platform, also known from the original works of the two authors. The criteria for the correctness of the exegesis according to the two authors are specified.

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За Говорите в Дебърско, Република Албания и родопските диалекти

Author(s): Luchia Antonova-Vasileva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The paper compares characteristic dialect features of the Bulgarian dialects from the Debar (Dibra) region in the Republic of Albania and features of the Rhodope dialects. The aim of the comparison is to clarify the nature of the similar or identical features in the reflexes of the back nasal and back jer vowel in different phonetic and phono-morphological positions. Attention is also paid to the dialect lexeme ушники – ‘earrings’, which shows common lexical features in the considered area.

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UTJECAJ OGRANIČENJA SMS PORUKA NA POJAVU I SASTAV IDIOMSKIH SKUPINA

Author(s): Azra Hodžić-Čavkić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Idioms are defined as multi-component, complex, solid lexical connections. Without insight into the different understanding and other categorical features of idioms, their multi-component nature is the starting point of almost all phraseologists. From the perspective of cognitive linguistics, we can say that the composition of idioms is motivated by the conceptual metaphor MORE IS BETTER, i.e. MORE WORDS ARE MORE CONTENT – so that idioms must naturally be defined within the framework of spatial resolution since the meaning is expressed by at least two lexical words. In a linear sense, they take up more space than linguistic units indicating primary nomination. On the other hand, SMS, as one of the forms of computer-mediated communication, has its own spatial limitations, which means that the influence of the formal limitations of the SMS should be assumed first of all on the appearance in general and on the frequency of idioms, but the probability that such limitations can be taken into account have an influence on the composition of idioms and the possibility that variants of idioms appear within SMS messages. In this paper, we generally deal with the relationship between idiom groups and SMS in the first SMS corpus of the Bosnian language.

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